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2,620 results for “Molecular Phylogeny”
Figure 13. Poseidonemertes gondwanae Kirsteuer, 1965 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Figure 13. Poseidonemertes gondwanae Kirsteuer, 1965. Holotype (AMNH 278). A, diagonal muscle layer between body-wall outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers. B, horizontal nervous thread from lateral nerve cord to the epidermis (indicated by white arrows); black arrows indicate dorsoventral muscle fibres running inside lateral nerve cord. Abbreviations: CM, body-wall circular muscle layer; DE, dermis; DM, diagonal muscle layer; IN, intestine; LN, lateral nerve cord; RC, rhynchocoel. Scale bars: A = 30 Mm; B = 50 Mm.
Figure 4. Bootstrap 50 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Figure 4. Bootstrap 50% majority-rule consensus unrooted tree of a selected number of distromatonemerteans, based on a maximum likelihood analysis with the general time-reversible model with invariant sites and gamma-distributed rates using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences (535 bp after alignment). Numbers above branches are bootstrap percentages from the maximum likelihood analysis (values> 70% are shown); numbers below are posterior probabilities (values> 95% are shown). In this paper we transfer Correanemertes polyophthalma to the genus Diplomma.
Figure 14 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Figure 14. Diplomma polyophthalma (Gibson & Sundberg, 2001) comb. nov. (formerly Correanemertes polyophthalma Gibson & Sundberg, 2001). Proboscis nerves (arrowed) in the holotype, MTQ G20024 (A) and paratype, MTQ G20025 (B). Scale bars = 100 Mm.
Figure 19 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Figure 19. Diplomma serpentina (Stimpson, 1855). A, transverse section through brain region, showing epidermis and divided longitudinal musculature; arrowhead indicates connective tissue layer that divides longitudinal musculature into two layers; B, horizontal section through brain region; arrowhead indicates fibres from outer longitudinal muscle layer; C, transverse section through proboscis insertion; white arrow indicates rhynchodaeal sphincter; black arrowhead indicates fibre from outer longitudinal muscle layer; D, tangential section of body wall, showing lattice-type diagonal muscles; E, transverse section through intestinal region, showing dorsoventral muscle (indicated by arrowhead) running between intestinal lateral diverticula; F, transverse section through anterior portion of proboscis, showing 12 proboscis nerves (indicated by arrows). A, E, F, neotype (ZIHU-1352); B, paraneotype (ZIHU-1354); C, paraneotype (ZIHU-1353); D, paraneotype (ZIHU-1356). Abbreviations: BG, basophilic cephalic gland; BR, brain; CR, cephalic retractor muscle; EP, epidermis; ID, intestinal lateral diverticulum; IL, inner portion of divided body-wall longitudinal muscle layer; IN, intestine; LN, lateral nerve cord; OL, outer portion of divided body-wall longitudinal muscle layer; PI, proboscis insertion; PR, proboscis; RD, rhynchodaeum. Scale bars: A, C, D, F = 50 Mm; B, E = 100 Mm.
Figure 3 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Figure 3. Bayesian tree of a selected number of distromatonemerteans, using the general time-reversible model with invariant sites and gamma-distributed rates model based on 18S rRNA gene sequences (1248 bp after alignment), rooted with cratenemerteans as the outgroup. Numbers above branches are bootstrap percentages from the maximum likelihood analysis (values> 50% are shown); numbers below are posterior probabilities (values> 95% are shown). In this paper we transfer Correanemertes polyophthalma to the genus Diplomma.
Figure 7 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Figure 7. Diplomma albimarginata comb. nov. (formerly Paramphiporus albimarginatus Kirsteuer, 1965). One of the two syntypes (AMNH 277). Transverse section to show the two anterior 'pouches' (AP) situated laterally to the pylorus (PY); note the exceedingly expanded rhynchocoel (RC), compared to the body diameter and the proboscis (PR). Scale bar = 100 Mm.
Figure 15 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Figure 15. Diplomma polyophthalma (Gibson & Sundberg, 2001) comb. nov. (formerly Correanemertes polyophthalma Gibson & Sundberg, 2001). Holotype (MTQ G20024). Intestinal caecum below pylorus; arrow indicates dorsoventral muscle fibre running outside lateral nerve cord. Abbreviations: IC, intestinal caecum; LN, lateral nerve cord; PR, proboscis; PY, pylorus; RC, rhynchocoel. Scale bar = 100 Mm.
Figure 23 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Figure 23. Diplomma serpentina (Stimpson, 1855). A, photomicrograph of stylet apparatus, taken from life; B, transverse section through junction between anterior and posterior stomach regions; C, transverse section through pyloric region; D, transverse section to show apical organ; E, transverse section through precerebral region, showing various components of cephalic glands; arrowheads indicate coarsely granular acidophilic glands; F, horizontal section through precerebral region, showing improvised duct (indicated by arrowhead). A, paraneotype (ZIHU- 1357); B, C, E, neotype (ZIHU-1352); D, paraneotype (ZIHU-1353); F, paraneotype (ZIHU-1354). Abbreviations: AO, apical organ; AS, anterior portion of stomach; BG, basophilic cephalic gland; CC, cerebral sensory organ canal; IC, intestinal caecum; LN, lateral nerve cord; PS, posterior portion of stomach; PY, pylorus; RC, rhynchocoel; RD, rhynchodaeum. Scale bars: A, C, E = 100 Mm; B, D = 50 Mm; F = 30 Mm.
Figure 22 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Figure 22. Diplomma serpentina (Stimpson, 1855). A, transverse section showing ocelli (indicated by arrowheads); B, transverse section through cerebral organ; C, transverse section through excretory collecting tubule; arrowhead indicates efferent duct; D, transverse section through intestinal region, showing immature gonad; arrowhead indicates gonoduct. A–C, neotype (ZIHU-1352); D, paraneotype (ZIHU-1353). Abbreviations: CC, cerebral sensory organ canal; CO, cerebral sensory organ; EX, excretory collecting tubule; GO, gonad; LN, lateral nerve cord; IN, intestine; PA, parenchyma. Scale bars: A–D = 50 Mm.
Figure 12. Poseidonemertes gondwanae Kirsteuer, 1965 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence
Figure 12. Poseidonemertes gondwanae Kirsteuer, 1965. Holotype (AMNH 278). A–F, serial transverse section to show that mid-dorsal vessel enters rhynchocoel. Abbreviations: DV, mid-dorsal vessel; LV, lateral blood vessel; RC, rhynchocoel; VP, vascular plug. Scale bar = 50 Mm.
Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny of the Valvatacea (Asteroidea: Echinodermata)
Figure 2. Maximum likelihood tree of asterinid + solasterid sea stars rooted against closely related valvatid sea stars. The analysis is based on 1417 bp of concatenated sequence data from two mitochondrial rDNA genes. Circled numbers 1 and 2 are referred to in the text. Other details as in Figure 1.
Figure 3 in Osteological characters of birds and reptiles are more congruent with molecular phylogenies than soft characters are
Figure 3. Differences in pooled average character transition ages in millions of years between morphological partitions in all bird and squamate datasets. Dashed lines indicate mean ages of osteological (older) and non-osteological (younger) characters. Data is coloured by partition, with osteological data in purple and non-osteological data in green.
Figure 2 in Osteological characters of birds and reptiles are more congruent with molecular phylogenies than soft characters are
Figure 2. Ensemble retention index between cranial and postcranial partitions for birds and squamates. Cranial partitions have relatively greater higher molecular consistency in datasets falling below the x = y line. Colour corresponds to clade and dot size is proportional to dataset size (in number of total osteological characters).
Figure 1 in Osteological characters of birds and reptiles are more congruent with molecular phylogenies than soft characters are
Figure 1. Ensemble retention index between osteological and non-osteological partitions for birds and squamates. Osteological partitions have relatively higher molecular consistency in datasets falling below the x = y line. Colour corresponds to clade and dot size is proportional to dataset size (in number of total characters).
The 'Evil Tribe' spreads across the land: A dated molecular phylogeny provides insight into dispersal, expansion, and biogeographic relationships within one of the largest tribes of the sunflower family (Vernonieae: Compositae)
<p><strong>Premise:</strong> With over 1500 species, the globally distributed Vernonieae is one of the most successful members of the Compositae. However, due to its morphological complexity and limited geographic representation in previous studies, subtribal and biogeographic relationships are unclear. Here new DNA sequence data spanning the geographical range of the tribe provides a taxonomically robust time-calibrated phylogeny, an estimation of migration pathways and timing of important biogeographical events and allows inference of environmental factors that have contributed to the success of the Vernonieae worldwide.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phylogenetic relationships were estimated for 368 taxa representing all Vernonieae subtribes. Molecular clock and ancestral range estimation analyses provide a framework for inference of the tribe's biogeographic history.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Relationships among the subtribes were established. We confirmed that the Moquinieae are nested in Vernonieae, determined the correct placement of several<br> problematic taxa, and conducted the first model-based assessment of the biogeographical history of the tribe. The . Vernonieae were estimated to have evolved ~50 Ma ago. Africa was the first center of diversity, from which a single dispersal event established the monophyletic New World lineage. Long-distance dispersal from Africa and Brazil established the tribe on five continents and Oceania.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Moquinieae are nested in Vernonieae. The New World lineage is monophyletic, but Old World taxa are not. New subtribal taxonomies are needed. Long-distance dispersal from Africa beginning 45 Ma was key to establishing the tribe's near-global distribution. Migration corridors created by volcanic mountain chains and iron-rich soils in Africa and the Americas promoted radiation and range expansion.</p>
FIGURE 1.2 in Molecular phylogeny of Cousinia sections Albidae, Stenocephalae and Cousinia (Asteraceae): Systematic implications
FIGURE 1.2. Fifty percent majority rule consensus tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of the ITS dataset. Numbers above branches are posterior probabilities (PP). Green: section Albidae; blue: sect. Stenocephalae; red: sect. Cousinia.
FIGURE 1.1 in Molecular phylogeny of Cousinia sections Albidae, Stenocephalae and Cousinia (Asteraceae): Systematic implications
FIGURE 1.1. Fifty percent majority rule consensus tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of the ITS dataset. Numbers above branches are posterior probabilities (PP).
Figure 5. Female reproductive system. A. R in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 5. Female reproductive system. A. R. coronata, southern England (MNCN 15.05/90423). B. R. aurata, La Caleta, Cádiz, south-western Spain, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/88106). C. R. caletensis, La Caleta, Cádiz, south-western Spain, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/200113). D. R. tingensis, Tangier, north-western Morocco, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/91514). Abbreviations: FM, female mass; CGD, common genital duct; GO, gonopore.
Figure 4 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of radula and gizzard plates. A–C, Runcina coronata. A, rachidian teeth (MNCN 15.05/88105). B, lateral teeth (MNCN 15.05/88105). C, gizzard plate (MNCN 15.05/90423). D–F, Runcina aurata. D, rachidian teeth (MNCN 15.05/91500). E, lateral teeth (MNCN 15.05/88106). F, gizzard plate (MNCN 15.05/88106). G–I, Runcina caletensis (MNCN 15.05/200113) G, rachidian teeth. H, lateral teeth. I, gizzard plate. J–M, Runcina tingensis. J, rachidian teeth (MNCN 15.05/200114). L, lateral teeth (MNCN 15.05/200114). M, gizzard plate (MNCN 15.05/91514). Scale bars: A, B, E, J, L = 10 μm; C, F, I, M = 50 μm; D, G = 20 μm; H = 5 μm.
Figure 9. Runcina avellana. A in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata
Figure 9. Runcina avellana. A, schematic illustration taken from Schmekel & Cappellato, 2001 (original description). B, living animal from Catalonia, north-eastern Spain (Mediterranean Sea) (MNCN 15.05/88108, 1,5 mm in length). Image B by Ana Karla Araujo.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.