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4,462 results for “South America”
FIGURE 14 in A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae)
FIGURE 14. Dasythereva penai sp. n., genitalia. A. epandrium; B. gonocoxites, lateral view; C. aedeagus, lateral view; D. gonocoxites, ventral view E. aedeagus, ventral view. Scale line: 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 13 in A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae)
FIGURE 13. Dasythereva patagonia sp. n., Male genitalia. A. epandrium; B. gonocoxites, ventral view; C. same, lateral view; D. aedeagus, lateral view; E. same, dorsal view. Female genitalia. F. Furca and internal genitalic structures. Scale line: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: ag, accessory gland; d, distiphallus; da, dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; f, furca; ga, gonocoxal apodeme; gs, gonostylus; igp, inner gonocoxal process; ogp, outer gonocoxal process; s, spermatheca; sd, spermathecal duct; ss, spermathecal sac; ssd, spermathecal sac duct; vl, ventral lobe.
FIGURE 15 in A new genus of therevine stiletto flies from South America (Diptera: Therevidae)
FIGURE 15. Dasythereva patagonia sp. n., genitalia. A. epandrium and tergite 8; B. gonocoxites, ventral view; C. aedeagus, lateral view; D. same, dorsal view; E. gonocoxites, lateral view. Scale line: 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 39–42 in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)
FIGURES 39–42. Tartamura turbo sp. nov. 39–40 Male holotype (39 dorsal; 40 ventral); 41–42 Female paratype (41 dorsal; 42 ventral).
FIGURES 16–21 in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)
FIGURES 16–21. Atomosphyrus wandae sp. nov., left male palp (16, 19 ventral; 17, 20 retrolateral; 18, 21 retrodorsal).
FIGURES 30–34 in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)
FIGURES 30–34. Cyllodania marietae sp. nov., left male palp (30, 32 ventral; 31, 33 retrolateral; 34 dorsal).
FIGURES 7–12. Thiodina spp. live specimens. 7–8 T in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)
FIGURES 7–12. Thiodina spp. live specimens. 7–8 T. perian Bustamante & Ruiz, 2017 (7 male, 8 female); 9–10 T. camilae sp. nov. (9 male, 10 female); 11–12 T. tyrioni sp. nov. (11 male, 12 female). © W.P. Maddison, under a Creative Common Atribution 4.0 international licence.
FIGURES 52–55 in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)
FIGURES 52–55. Thiodina camilae sp. nov. 52 Male holotype, dorsal; 53 Lateral; 54 Female paratype, dorsal; 55 Ventral.
FIGURES 35–38 in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)
FIGURES 35–38. Cyllodania marietae sp. nov., epigyne (35, 36 ventral; 37 cleared, ventral; 38 cleared, dorsal).
FIGURES 48–51 in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)
FIGURES 48–51. Tartamura turbo sp. nov., epigyne (48, 49 ventral; 50 cleared, ventral; 51 cleared, dorsal).
FIGURES 43–47 in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)
FIGURES 43–47. Tartamura turbo sp. nov., left male palp (43, 45 ventral; 46 retrolateral; 44, 47 retrodorsal).
FIGURES 24–29 in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)
FIGURES 24–29. Cyllodania marietae sp. nov. 24 Male holotype, dorsal; 25 Lateral; 26 Ventral; 27 Female paratype, dorsal; 28 Lateral; 29 Ventral.
FIGURES 3–6 in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)
FIGURES 3–6. Tartamura turbo sp. nov. 3–4 live male; 5–6 live female. Photo credits: Alexandre Salgado.
FIGURES 1–2 in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)
FIGURES 1–2. Cyllodania marietae sp. nov. live female. © W.P. Maddison, under a Creative Common Atribution 4.0 international licence.
FIGURES 64–67 in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)
FIGURES 64–67. Thiodina tyrioni sp. nov. 64 Male holotype, dorsal; 65 Ventral; 66 Female paratype, dorsal; 67 ventral.
FIGURES 60–63 in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)
FIGURES 60–63. Thiodina camilae sp. nov., epigyne (60, 61 ventral; 62 cleared, ventral; 63 cleared, dorsal).
FIGURES 72–75 in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)
FIGURES 72–75. Thiodina tyrioni sp. nov., epigyne (72, 73 ventral; 74 cleared, ventral; 75 cleared, dorsal).
Data from: Genetic signals of artificial and natural dispersal linked to colonization of South America by non-native Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
Genetics data have provided unprecedented insights into evolutionary aspects of colonization by non-native populations. Yet, our understanding of how artificial (human-mediated) and natural dispersal pathways of non-native individuals influence genetic metrics, evolution of genetic structure, and admixture remains elusive. We capitalize on the widespread colonization of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in South America, mediated by both dispersal pathways, to address these issues using data from a panel of polymorphic SNPs. First, genetic diversity and the number of effective breeders (Nb) were higher among artificial than natural populations. Contemporary gene flow was common between adjacent artificial and natural as well as adjacent natural populations but uncommon between geographically distant populations. Second, genetic structure revealed four distinct clusters throughout the Chinook salmon distributional range with varying levels of genetic connectivity. Isolation-by-distance resulted from weak differentiation between adjacent artificial and natural as well as natural populations and with strong differentiation between distant populations experiencing strong genetic drift. Third, genetic mixture analyses revealed the presence of at least six donor geographic regions from North America, some of which likely hybridized as a result of multiple introductions. Relative propagule pressure or the proportion of Chinook salmon propagules introduced from various geographic regions according to government records significantly influenced genetic mixtures for two of three artificial populations. Our findings support a model of colonization in which high-diversity artificial populations established first; some of these populations exhibited significant admixture resulting from propagule pressure. Low-diversity natural populations were likely subsequently founded from a reduced number of individuals.
Data from: Biogeography of scorpions in the Pseudouroctonus minimus complex (Vaejovidae) from south-western North America: implications of ecological specialization for pre-Quaternary diversification
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of pre-Quaternary tectonics and orogeny relative to that of Pleistocene climate change on diversification within the Pseudouroctonus minimus complex, a group of vaejovid scorpions with stenotopic habitat requirements. Location: South-western North America (United States and Mexico). Methods: Multilocus sequence data (1899 base pairs from two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes) were generated from 65 samples of scorpions in the minimus complex. Phylogeographical structure within the minimus complex was explored using model-based phylogenetic methods and a general mixed Yule coalescent model to identify independent geographical clusters. A time-calibrated multilocus species tree was reconstructed using a multispecies coalescent approach. Ancestral areas were estimated at divergence events across the tree using a probabilistic Bayesian approach. Results: Extensive geographical structure was evident within two well-supported clades. These clades probably diverged over 25 million years ago (Ma), based on estimated mean divergence dates, followed by 14 divergences in the Miocene (25–5 Ma) and 4 divergences in the Pliocene and Pleistocene (< 5 Ma). The ancestral origin of the minimus complex was reconstructed to be across California and the Mexican Highlands. The Chihuahuan Desert was colonized twice from the Mexican Highlands, and one dispersal event occurred from the Mexican Highlands back to California. Main conclusions: Spatial and temporal patterns of evolution in the minimus complex support predictions that stenotopy promoted pre-Quaternary diversification. Miocene and Pliocene geomorphology, perhaps in concert with climate change, induced allopatric divergence across the heterogeneous landscape of south-western North America. Stenotopic scorpions such as the minimus complex provide a model for exploring correlations between Earth history and biological diversification.
Data from: Multi-proxy evidence highlights a complex evolutionary legacy of maize in South America
Domesticated maize evolved from wild teosinte under human influences in Mexico beginning around 9,000 BP, traversed Central America by ~7,500 BP, and spread into South America by ~6,500 BP. Landrace and archaeological maize genomes from South America suggest that the ancestral population to South American maize was brought out of the domestication center in Mexico and became isolated from the wild teosinte gene pool before traits of domesticated maize were fixed. Deeply structured lineages then evolved within South America out of this partially domesticated progenitor population. Genomic, linguistic, archaeological, and paleoecological data suggest that the southwestern Amazon was a secondary improvement center for partially domesticated maize. Multiple waves of human-mediated dispersal are responsible for the diversity and biogeography of modern South American maize.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.