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2,390 results for “butterflies”
Data from: Assessing the effectiveness of protected areas for conserving range-restricted rainforest butterflies in Sabah, Borneo
Rainforests on Borneo support exceptional concentrations of endemic insect biodiversity, but many of these forest-dependent species are threatened by land-use change. Totally protected areas (TPAs) of forest are key for conserving biodiversity, and we examined the effectiveness of the current TPA network for conserving range-restricted butterflies in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo). We found that mean diurnal temperature range and precipitation of the wettest quarter of the year were the most important predictors of butterfly distributions (N = 77 range-restricted species), and that species richness increased with elevation and aboveground forest carbon. On average across all species, TPAs were effective at conserving ~43% of species' ranges, but encompassed only ~40% of areas with high species richness (i.e. containing at least 50% of our study species). The TPA network also included only 33-40% of areas identified as high priority for conserving range-restricted species, as determined by a systematic conservation prioritization analysis. Hence, the current TPA network is reasonably effective at conserving range-restricted butterflies, although considerable areas of high species richness (6565 km2) and high conservation priority (11,152-12,531 km2) are not currently protected. Sabah's remaining forests, and the range-restricted species they support, are under continued threat from agricultural expansion and urban development, and our study highlights important areas of rainforest that require enhanced protection.
Data from: Species-habitat relationships and ecological correlates of butterfly abundance in a transformed tropical landscape
Tropical butterfly conservation strategies often focus on total and/or common species richness to assess the conservation value of a patch or habitat. However, such a strategy overlooks the unique dynamics of rare species. We evaluated the species-habitat relationships of 209 common, intermediate, and rare butterfly species (including morphospecies) across four habitat types (mature, degraded, or fragmented forest, and urban parks) and two patch sizes (<400 ha, ≥400 ha) in Singapore. Common species richness was consistent across habitat types. Intermediate species richness declined by more than 50 percent in urban parks (relative to all forest habitats), and rare species richness was reduced by 50 percent in degraded and fragmented forest and by 90 percent in urban parks (relative to mature forest). Large patches had comparable overall richness to small patches, but they supported more rare species and three times as many habitat-restricted species over a similar area. Importantly, a number of rare species were confined to single small patches. Mixed-effects regression models were constructed to identify habitat and ecological/life history variables associated with butterfly abundance. These models revealed that species with greater habitat specialization, rare larval host plants, few larval host plant genera, and narrow global geographic ranges were more likely to be rare species. Overall, these results demonstrate that the richness of habitat-restricted and rare species do not follow the same spatial distribution patterns as common species. Therefore, while conserving mature forests is key, effective butterfly conservation in a transformed landscape should take into account rare and habitat-restricted species.
Reprotoxic effects of the systemic insecticide fipronil on the butterfly Pieris brassicae
<p></p><p> In addition to controlling pest organisms, the systemic neurotoxic pesticide fipronil can also have adverse effects on beneficial insects and other non-target organisms. Here, we report on the sublethal effects of fipronil on the farmland butterfly Pieris brassicae . Caterpillars were reared on plants that had been grown from seeds coated with fipronil or on leaf discs topically treated with a range of fipronil dosages (1–32 µg kg <sup>−1</sup> on dry mass basis). Females that had developed on fipronil plants laid ca half the number of eggs than females that had developed on control plants. In the bioassay with leaf discs, longevity and lifetime egg production declined with increasing fipronil dosage. Remarkably, exposure to fipronil during larval development primarily affected the adult stage. Chemical analyses of leaf tissues collected from seed-treated plants revealed concentrations of fipronil and its degradation products close to the analytical limit of detection (less than or equal to 1 µg kg <sup>−1</sup> ). The effective dosage was fivefold higher in the leaf-disc than in the whole-plant experiment. In the whole plant, degradation of fipronil to products that are more toxic than fipronil may explain this discrepancy. Neurotoxicity of insecticides at the level of detection decreases the probability of pinpointing insecticides as the causal agent of harmful effects on non-target organisms. </p><p></p>
Trait data of European and Maghreb butterflies
<p>Trait-based analyses explaining the different responses of species and communities to environmental changes are increasing in frequency. European butterflies are an indicator group that responds rapidly to environmental changes with extensive citizen science contributions to documenting changes of abundance and distribution. Species traits have been used to explain long- and short-term responses to climate, land-use and vegetation changes. Studies are often characterised by limited traits sets being used, with risks that the relative roles of different traits are not fully explored. Butterfly trait information is dispersed amongst various sources and descriptions sometimes differ between sources. We have drawn together multiple information sets to provide a comprehensive trait database covering 542 taxa and 25 main traits (subdivided into 217 sub-traits) of the butterflies of Europe and North Africa which should serve for improved trait-based ecological, conservation-related, phylogeographic and evolutionary studies of this group of insects. We provide this data in two forms; the basic data and as processed continuous and multinomial data, to enhance its potential usage. A maintained database is available at <a href="https://butterflytraits.github.io/European-Butterfly-Traits/index.html">https://butterflytraits.github.io/European-Butterfly-Traits/index.html</a></p>
Data from: Butterfly and moth communities differ in their response to habitat structure in rainforests of Mount Cameroon
Mechanisms structuring tropical communities are still under-studied, especially in Afrotropical rainforests. Although insect herbivores are considered to depend on plant diversity, we hypothesized that vegetation structure, together with other microhabitat characteristics, can be more important for some insects. Here, we compared habitat associations of fruit-feeding butterflies and moths, two ecologically different groups of Lepidoptera, in three rainforest localities in foothills of Mount Cameroon, West/Central Africa. Based on a comprehensive dataset of 16,040 specimens of 398 species systematically collected by 240 traps at 48 plots (altogether 9.68 ha), we analyzed how plant community composition, habitat openness, and forest structure affect communities of butterflies and moths. We expected different habitat descriptors to predict communities of the two insect groups. Habitats of tropical fruit-feeding moth communities have never been studied before. In both analyses of species richness and community structure, butterfly communities depended mostly on forest openness. Moth species richness depended on plant diversity and forest openness, whilst the latter substantially influenced their community composition. Additionally, we revealed differences in habitat associations between understory and canopy communities of both groups. Whilst species richness of understory communities was not influenced by any habitat characteristics, it generally followed the general patterns in canopies. By contrast, composition of understory communities followed the general patterns, whilst effects of habitat characteristics on canopy communities were minor for butterflies and none for moths. The differences between such closely related groups of herbivorous insects warn against generalization based on single-taxon studies and highlight the need of community-wide research of tropical rainforests.
Phylogeography and population genetics of pine butterflies: sky islands increase genetic divergence
<p>The sky islands of southeastern Arizona (AZ) mark a major transition zone between tropical and temperate biota and are considered a neglected biodiversity hotspot. Dispersal ability and host plant specificity are thought to impact the history and diversity of insect populations across the sky islands. We aimed to investigate the population structure and phylogeography of two pine-feeding pierid butterflies, the pine white (<i>Neophasia menapia</i>) and the Mexican pine white (<i>N. terlooii</i>), restricted to these "islands" at this transition zone. Given their dependence on pines as the larval hosts, we hypothesized that habitat connectivity affects population structure and is at least in part responsible for their allopatry. We sampled DNA from freshly collected butterflies from 17 sites in the sky islands and adjacent high-elevation habitats and sequenced these samples using ddRADSeq. Up to 15,399 SNPs were discovered and analyzed in population genetic and phylogenetic contexts with Stacks and pyRAD pipelines. Low genetic differentiation in <i>N. menapia</i> suggests that it is panmictic. Conversely, there is strong evidence for population structure within <i>N. terlooii</i>. Each sky island likely contains a population of <i>N. terlooii</i>, and clustering is hierarchical, with populations on proximal mountains being more related to each other. The <i>N. menapia</i> habitat, which is largely contiguous, facilitates panmixia, while the <i>N. terlooii</i> habitat, restricted to the higher elevations on each sky island, creates distinct population structure. Phylogenetic results corroborate those from population genetic analyses. The historical climate-driven fluxes in forest habitat connectivity have implications for understanding the biodiversity of fragmented habitats.</p>
Spatial variation in early-winter snow cover determines local dynamics in a network of alpine butterfly populations
<p>Snow cover is an extremely variable but critical component of alpine environments. We use long term population data on multiple small populations of the alpine butterfly <i>Parnassius smintheus</i>, combined with high-resolution satellite imagery of meadows, to show a strong link between fine-scale spatial and temporal variation in early-winter snow cover and annual change in butterfly population size, accounting for up to 80 percent of the variation in annual population change. Snow cover in early winter for each meadow is the best predictor of annual adult population change, despite being estimated for a relatively short time-window in late November. We identify a means by which subpopulation response to a local, short-term weather variable can be assessed over a large spatial extent, but also at a resolution relevant to the biology and local dynamics of this alpine species.</p>
Sheffield butterfly wing collection - Patricio Salazar, Nicola Nadeau, Ikiam broods batch 1 and 2
<p>EN:</p> <p>This upload contains photographs taken by Eva van der Heijden and Gabriela Montejo-Kovacevich in the Butterfly Genetics Group at the University of Cambridge from the October 2019 (Eva, 18N0602-20N0611, batch1) and September 2020 (GMK, 19N1590- 20N0610, batch2). These two batches might have slightly different zoom/light settings. Batch1 only has JPGs, batch2 has JPGs and raw images (CR2)</p> <p>This batch contains Patricio Salazar's and Nicola Nadeau's specimen collection from Ikiam University. The wild/reared specimens are from mostly across the H. melpomene malleti and H. erato lativitta in the Eastern slope of the Andes collected in 2018-2020.<br> <br> They have a white reflectance standard for calibration. Information on the individual IDs can additionally be found in the csv.</p> <p>Nomenclature</p> <p>19NXXXXXX : unit ID corresponding to individual samples<br> _v _d: ventral or dorsal<br> </p> <p>Information on individual samples from the Butterfly Genetics Group Collection can be found on the public database Earthcape (click <a href="https://heliconius.ecdb.io/#ViewID=ContentPage_DetailView&ObjectKey=843e8ec1-41a6-4706-9622-f643132da859&ObjectClassName=EarthCape.Module.Core.ContentPage&mode=View">here</a> for the database, and <a href="http://heliconius.zoo.cam.ac.uk/databases/earthcape-specimen-database/">here</a> for FAQ)</p> <p>Please contact Chris Jiggins (c.jiggins[at]zoo.cam.ac.uk) or Nicola Nadeau (n.nadeau[at]sheffield.ac.uk) for requests.</p> <p> </p> <p>------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>ES:</p> <p>Este repositorio contiene fotografías tomadas en el Butterfly Genetics Group de la Universidad de Cambridge</p> <p>Este lote contiene la colección de especímenes silvestres y criados colectados por Patricio Salazar en 2018/2019 para cria en Ikiam (Ecuador). Los especímenes silvestres son de H. melpomene malleti y H. erato lativitta en la vertiente oriental de los Andes. </p> <p>Nomenclatura</p> <p>CAMXXXXXX: ID de unidad correspondiente a muestras individuales<br> _v _d: ventral o dorsal<br> </p> <p>Puede encontrar información sobre muestras individuales de Butterfly Genetics Group Collection en la base de datos pública Earthcape (haga clic <a href="https://heliconius.ecdb.io/#ViewID=ContentPage_DetailView&ObjectKey=843e8ec1-41a6-4706-9622-f643132da859&ObjectClassName=EarthCape.Module.Core.ContentPage&mode=View">aquí</a> para la base de datos, y <a href="http://heliconius.zoo.cam.ac.uk/databases/earthcape-specimen-database/">aquí</a> para preguntas frecuentes)</p> <p>Por favor, póngase en contacto con Chris Jiggins (c.jiggins [arroba] zoo.cam.ac.uk) o Nicola Nadeau (n.nadeau[at]sheffield.ac.uk) con sus preguntas o peticiones.</p>
Cambridge butterfly wing collection batch 10
<p>Cambridge butterfly wing collection batch 10</p> <p>EN:</p> <p>This upload contains photographs taken by Eva van der Heijden and Gabriela Montejo-Kovacevich in the Butterfly Genetics Group at the University of Cambridge in October 2019 (Eva) until the May 2019 (Gabriela). These belong to four different photo bundles:</p> <p>1. Nicola Nadeau's collection request of samples sequenced with BGI (#4) for GMK altitude project (taken in October 2019)</p> <p>2. Rachel Blow's Ecuador collection 2018 melpomene and timareta, near ikiam (taken in October 2019)</p> <p>3. Panama collected individuals during Cambridge Zoology tropical fieldcourse in August 2018 (taken in October 2019)</p> <p>4. Nicola Nadeau's collection second request of samples sequenced with BGI (#4) for GMK altitude project (taken in May 2019)</p> <p> </p> <p>Nomenclature</p> <ul> <li>CAMXXXXXX : unit ID corresponding to individual samples</li> <li>_v _d: ventral or dorsal</li> </ul> <p>Information on individual samples from the Butterfly Genetics Group Collection can be found on the public database Earthcape (click <a href="https://heliconius.ecdb.io/default.aspx">here for the database</a>, and <a href="http://heliconius.zoo.cam.ac.uk/databases/earthcape-specimen-database/">here for FAQ</a>)</p> <p>Please contact Chris Jiggins (c.jiggins[at]zoo.cam.ac.uk), Gabriela Montejo-Kovacevich (mgm49[at]cam.ac.uk) or Ian Warren (iaw22[at]cam.ac.uk) for requests.</p> <p> </p> <p>------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>ES:</p> <p>Este repositorio contiene fotografías tomadas por Eva Whiltshire y Imogen Gavins en el Butterfly Genetics Group de la Universidad de Cambridge desde el 10 de octubre de 2017 hasta el 10 de marzo de 2019.</p> <p>Rango de individuos:</p> <p>CAM040704-CAM041352</p> <p>Nomenclatura</p> <ul> <li>CAMXXXXXX: ID de unidad correspondiente a muestras individuales</li> <li>_v _d: ventral o dorsal</li> </ul> <p>Puede encontrar información sobre muestras individuales de Butterfly Genetics Group Collection en la base de datos pública Earthcape (haga clic <a href="https://heliconius.ecdb.io/default.aspx">aquí para la base de datos</a>, y <a href="http://heliconius.zoo.cam.ac.uk/databases/earthcape-specimen-database/">aquí para preguntas frecuentes</a>)</p> <p>Por favor, póngase en contacto con Chris Jiggins (c.jiggins [arroba] zoo.cam.ac.uk), Gabriela Montejo-Kovacevich (mgm49 [arroba] cam.ac.uk) o Ian Warren (iaw22 [arroba] cam.ac.uk) con sus preguntas o peticiones.</p>
Cambridge butterfly collection - GMK Broods Ikiam 2018
<p>EN:</p> <p>This upload contains photographs taken by Eva van der Heijden and Gabriela Montejo-Kovacevich in the Butterfly Genetics Group at the University of Cambridge from the November 2018 (CAM041354- CAM041806) and February 2019 (CAM041807-CAM04191). These two batches might have slightly different zoom/light settings.</p> <p>This batch contains Gabriela Montejo-Kovacevich specimen collection from Ikiam University. The wild/reared specimens are from mostly H. erato lativitta in the Eastern slope of the Andes collected in 2018.<br> <br> They have a white reflectance standard for calibration. Information on the individual IDs can additionally be found in the csv.</p> <p>Nomenclature</p> <p>CAMXXXXXX : unit ID corresponding to individual samples<br> _v _d: ventral or dorsal<br> </p> <p>Information on individual samples from the Butterfly Genetics Group Collection can be found on the public database Earthcape (click <a href="https://heliconius.ecdb.io/#ViewID=ContentPage_DetailView&ObjectKey=843e8ec1-41a6-4706-9622-f643132da859&ObjectClassName=EarthCape.Module.Core.ContentPage&mode=View">here</a> for the database, and <a href="http://heliconius.zoo.cam.ac.uk/databases/earthcape-specimen-database/">here</a> for FAQ)</p> <p>Please contact Chris Jiggins (c.jiggins[at]zoo.cam.ac.uk) for requests.</p> <p> </p> <p>------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>ES:</p> <p>Este repositorio contiene fotografías tomadas en el Butterfly Genetics Group de la Universidad de Cambridge</p> <p>Este lote contiene la colección de especímenes silvestres y criados colectados por Gabriela Montejo-Kovacevich en 2018 para cria en Ikiam (Ecuador).</p> <p>Nomenclatura</p> <p>CAMXXXXXX: ID de unidad correspondiente a muestras individuales<br> _v _d: ventral o dorsal<br> </p> <p>Puede encontrar información sobre muestras individuales de Butterfly Genetics Group Collection en la base de datos pública Earthcape (haga clic <a href="https://heliconius.ecdb.io/#ViewID=ContentPage_DetailView&ObjectKey=843e8ec1-41a6-4706-9622-f643132da859&ObjectClassName=EarthCape.Module.Core.ContentPage&mode=View">aquí</a> para la base de datos, y <a href="http://heliconius.zoo.cam.ac.uk/databases/earthcape-specimen-database/">aquí</a> para preguntas frecuentes)</p> <p>Por favor, póngase en contacto con Chris Jiggins (c.jiggins [arroba] zoo.cam.ac.uk) con sus preguntas o peticiones.</p>
FIGURES 32–55 in An Inventory Of The Butterflies Of Manipur, India (Insecta: Lepidoptera)
FIGURES 32–55. Continuation of the adults of the newly recorded butterfly species (even numbers dorsal view; odd numbers ventral view). 32–33. Appias albina darada (C & R Felder, [1865]); 34–35. Artogeia erutae montana (Verity, 1911); 36–37. Miletus mallus (Fruhstorfer, 1913); 38–39. Rapala rectivitta (Moore, 1879); 40–41. Heliophorus kohimensis (Tytler, 1912); 42–43. Euploea radamanthus radamanthus (Fabricius, 1793); 44–45. Algia fasciata fasciata (C. & R. Felder, 1860); 46–47. Athyma opalina (Kollar, [1844]). 48–49. Pantoporia paraka paraka (Butler, 1879); 50–51. Kallima knyvetti de Niceville, 1886; 52–53. Baoris penicillata chapmani (Evans, 1937); 54–55. Potanthus mingo ajax (Evans, 1932).
FIGURES 1 in An Inventory Of The Butterflies Of Manipur, India (Insecta: Lepidoptera)
FIGURES 1. Map showing the sampling sites of butterflies during 2010–2019 (in Blue Circle) and historical sites from the published literature (in Black Triangle).
FIGURES 2–7 in An Inventory Of The Butterflies Of Manipur, India (Insecta: Lepidoptera)
FIGURES 2–7. Adults of butterflies rediscovered from Manipur. 2. Byasa latreillei kabrua (Tytler, 1915); 3. Papilio machaon suroia Tytler, 1939; 4. Lamproptera meges virescens (Butler, 1870); 5. Bhutanitis lidderdalii lidderdalii Atkinson, 1873; 6. Lethe kangjupkula Tytler, 1914; 7. Una usta usta (Distant, 1886).
Rapid colour shift by reproductive character displacement in Cupido butterflies
<p>Reproductive character displacement occurs when competition for successful breeding imposes a divergent selection on the interacting species, causing a divergence of reproductive traits. Here, we show that a disputed butterfly taxon is actually a case of male wing colour shift, apparently produced by reproductive character displacement. Using double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing and mitochondrial DNA sequencing we studied four butterfly taxa of the subgenus <i>Cupido</i> (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): <i>Cupido minimus</i> and the taxon<i> carswelli</i>, both characterized by brown males and females, plus <i>C. lorquinii </i>and <i>C. osiris</i>, both with blue males and brown females. Unexpectedly, taxa <i>carswelli</i> and <i>C. lorquinii</i> were close to indistinguishable based on our genomic and mitochondrial data, despite displaying strikingly different male colouration. In addition, we report and analysed a brown male within the <i>C. lorquinii</i> range, which demonstrates that the brown morph occurs at very low frequency in <i>C. lorquinii</i>. Such evidence strongly suggests that <i>carswelli</i> is conspecific with <i>C. lorquinii</i> and represents populations with a fixed male brown colour morph. Considering that these brown<i> </i>populations occur in sympatry with or very close to the blue <i>C. osiris</i>, and that the blue <i>C. lorquinii</i> populations never do, we propose that the taxon <i>carswelli</i> could have lost the blue colour due to reproductive character displacement with <i>C. osiris</i>. Since male colour is important for conspecific recognition during courtship, we hypothesize that the observed colour shift may eventually trigger incipient speciation between blue and brown populations. Male colour seems to be an evolutionarily labile character in the Polyommatinae, and the mechanism described here might be at work in the wide diversification of this subfamily of butterflies.</p>
Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants
<p>Adoption of novel host plants by herbivorous insects can require new adaptations and may entail loss of adaptation to ancestral hosts. We examined relationships between an endangered subspecies of the butterfly <i>Euphydryas editha </i>(Taylor's checkerspot) and three host plant species. Two of the hosts (<i>Castilleja hispida, Castilleja levisecta</i>) were used ancestrally while the other, <i>Plantago lanceolata</i>, is exotic and was adopted more recently. We measured oviposition preference, neonate preference, larval growth, and secondary chemical uptake on all three hosts. Adult females readily laid eggs on all hosts but favored <i>Plantago </i>and tended to avoid <i>C. levisecta. </i>Oviposition preference changed over time.<i> </i>Neonates had no preference among host species, but consistently chose bracts over leaves within both <i>Castilleja </i>species. Larvae developed successfully on all species and grew to similar size on all of them unless they ate only <i>Castilleja </i>leaves (rather than bracts) which limited their growth. Diet strongly influenced secondary chemical uptake by larvae. Larvae that ate <i>Plantago </i>or <i>C. hispida </i>leaves contained the highest concentrations of iridoid glycosides, and iridoid glycoside composition varied with host species and tissue type. Despite having largely switched to a novel exotic host and generally performing better on it, this population has retained breadth in preference and ability to use other hosts.</p>
Data from: Impacts of habitat on butterfly dispersal in tropical forests, parks and grassland patches embedded in an urban landscape
<p>Dispersal distances of 17 species of butterflies in tropical Singapore were significantly greater in forest than in urban habitat. Butterflies in urban plots frequently moved within suitable habitat (park/grassland) patches but rarely crossed non-habitat patches suggesting potential isolation and a need for urban corridors.</p>
Response curves butterfly filtering in LIGO O2
<p>Response curves in butterfly filtering to descending chirps in LIGO O2, calibrating output of chi-image analysis of merged (H1,L1)-spectrograms versus injection energies in Extended Emission to GW170817 (distance of 40Mpc). Response curves are shown for characteristic time-scales of frequency descent over 0.5-4.5 seconds for injection energies 0-8%MSolar c2. Results are averaged following times slides -10ms < Delta t < 10ms (light travel-time between the LIGO H1 and L1 detectors) and over three injection sites (one shown in first movie, closest to GW170817EE; all three shown in second movie). </p>
FIGURE 9 in DNA barcodes, morphology and geographic distribution confirm a new butterfly species in the genus Rhamma (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
FIGURE 9. Neighbor Joining identification tree. Rhamma eleonorae sp. nov sequences are denoted as: Rhamma sp 1 BMC16124 and 22302. Note the placement of Rhamma arria from Llanos de Cuiva. The distances were computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method (Kimura 1980) and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. The analysis involved 42 nucleotide sequences. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. There were a total of 577 positions in the final dataset. Analyses were conducted in MEGA7 (Kumar et al. 2016).
FIGURES 6–8. Rhamma female genitalia from Colombia. 6 in DNA barcodes, morphology and geographic distribution confirm a new butterfly species in the genus Rhamma (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
FIGURES 6–8. Rhamma female genitalia from Colombia. 6, Rhamma arria female, Cordillera Occidental; 7, Rhamma oxida female, Cauca; 8, Rhamma eleonorae sp. nov., female Paratype.
FIGURES 1-5. Rhamma adults from Colombia. 1 in DNA barcodes, morphology and geographic distribution confirm a new butterfly species in the genus Rhamma (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
FIGURES 1-5. Rhamma adults from Colombia. 1, Rhamma arria male, Llanos de Cuiva; 2, Rhamma arria female, Cordillera Occidental; 3, Rhamma oxida male, Cauca; 4, Rhamma oxida female, Cauca; 5, Rhamma eleonorae sp. nov., female Holotype.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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OpenNeuro
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