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Fig. 2 in Wide geographic distribution of overlooked parasites: Rare Microsporidia in Gammarus balcanicus, a species complex with a high rate of endemism

Fig. 2. Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction of Microsporidia based on partial small ribosomal subunit rDNA alignment (Supplementary data 1). Labels in bold and in blue frames are parasites of Gammarus balcanicus found in the present study. These labels show the name of the parasite (in case of described species) or in the case of undescribed taxa the name consist of: M. sp (= Microsporidium sp.) followed by clade number sensu Vossbrinck and Debrunner-Vossbrinck (2005), MOTU, haplogroup number (e.g. b01, b02), then the country where it was found (two letter ISO code, see Table S1), the number of infected populations (=pop.), and the total number of infected individuals (=ind.). Labels with accession numbers are parasite sequences taken from GenBank. These labels show the accession number, the parasite name given in the associated publication, the order of the host (except for amphipod hosts where the family is provided). Microsporidia clade numbers are as in Vossbrinck and Debrunner-Vossbrinck (2005). Branches are collapsed for the two genera Nosema and Dictyocoela (triangle sizes not reflecting actual size). Abbreviation: PP, Bayesian posterior probability. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in Detection of Eumonospora henryae (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from Falco columbarius (Falconiformes: Aves): Comparison of host-parasite phylogram and comments on the family Sarcocystidae Poche, 1913

Fig. 3. Phylograms of the genus Eumonospora on the left and core land birds modified from McClure et al. (2019) on the right. The boxes under Eumonospora spp. represent detected host species and the shaded boxes encompass the Afroaves. The lines connect parasites and hosts encountered, with the dotted line indicating host switching across order boundaries.

Fig. 2 in Lungworms (Metastrongylus spp.) and intestinal parasitic stages of two separated Swiss wild boar populations north and south of the Alps: Similar parasite spectrum with regional idiosyncrasies

Fig. 2. Wild boar lung with massive trauma after bullet penetration and visible bone fractures (A), dense nodule of the lobus caudalis dexter (B), and accumulation of nematodes in a bronchus (C).

Fig. 1 in Detection of Eumonospora henryae (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from Falco columbarius (Falconiformes: Aves): Comparison of host-parasite phylogram and comments on the family Sarcocystidae Poche, 1913

Fig. 1. Optical (A, B) and differential interference contrast photomicrographs (C, D) of oocysts and sporocysts of Eumonospora sp. detected from Falco columbarius. Fig. 1A. Sporulated oocyst with stout sporozoites (SZ) inside a sporocyst (SP). Fig. 1B. A collapsed oocyst with a compact sporocyst residuum (SR) within an SP. Fig. 1C. Randomly diffused SR within an SP. Fig. 1D. Eight SZs with diffused SR. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 1 in Wide geographic distribution of overlooked parasites: Rare Microsporidia in Gammarus balcanicus, a species complex with a high rate of endemism

Fig. 1. Gammarus balcanicus sampling sites. Sites are identified by black dots with numbers as in Table S1 (87). See Additional Table S1 for details (e.g. sampling sizes, GPS coordinates). Countries identified with ISO code. Map created by authors using Qgis 2.18.4 (QGIS Development Team 2009).

Fig. 5 in Louse flies in Azorean and mainland populations of four Passeriformes species: A new perspective to parasite Island syndromes

Fig. 5. Photos of phoretic association of Guimaraesiella amsel on Ornithomya fringillina (A) and Epidermoptidae mites on Ornithoica turdi (B). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Wide geographic distribution of overlooked parasites: Rare Microsporidia in Gammarus balcanicus, a species complex with a high rate of endemism

Fig. 3. Geographic distribution of the main rare Microsporidia infecting Gammarus balcanicus, showing their occurrence in other gammarid species over Europe. Each map (A–H) refers to the parasite taxa presented in the bottom-right inset. The host and geographic range of the Microsporidia based on this study and 1) literature data: Terry et al. (2004); Wattier et al. (2007); Krebes et al. (2010); Ovcharenko et al. (2010); Bacela-Spychalska et al. (2012); Rode et al. (2013); Grabner et al., 2014; 2015; 2017; Bojko et al. (2015); 2017; 2018; Weigand et al. (2016); Quiles et al. (2019); 2) Gen Bank sequences: MT645708 (Chen,Y. and Jiang, H. direct submission); KP699690 (Bacela-Spychalska, K. direct submission) and 3) Bacela and Ovcharenko, unpublished data.

Fig. 2 in Detection of Eumonospora henryae (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from Falco columbarius (Falconiformes: Aves): Comparison of host-parasite phylogram and comments on the family Sarcocystidae Poche, 1913

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic trees based on three concatenated datasets (A: 18S + cox1, B: 18S + 28S, and C: 28S + cox1). Phylogenetic analyses are performed via Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. Nodes are labelled with probability for BI method node support (left) and bootstrap value support for the ML method (right). Similar phylograms are illustrated with both methods in all datasets. Monophyletic clade of Eumonospora spp. branches off earlier than the clade of Besnoitia spp. and the clade comprising genera Hammondia, Heydornia, Neospora, and Toxoplasma. 18S: nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA; 28S: nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA; cox1: mitochondrial Cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1; NA: not available.

Fig. 2 in Louse flies in Azorean and mainland populations of four Passeriformes species: A new perspective to parasite Island syndromes

Fig. 2. Photos of three species of hippoboscid fly and their wings collected from Passeriformes species: (A and B) Ornithoica turdi, (C and D) Ornithomya fringillina and (E and F) Icosta minor. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Lungworms (Metastrongylus spp.) and intestinal parasitic stages of two separated Swiss wild boar populations north and south of the Alps: Similar parasite spectrum with regional idiosyncrasies

Fig. 3. Caudal ends of the 5 Metastrongylus species identified in this study: M. apri female (A) and male (B), M. asymmetricus female (C) and male (D), M. confusus female (E) and male (F), M. pudendotectus female (G) and male (H), M. salmi female (I) and male (J).

Fig. 1 in Lungworms (Metastrongylus spp.) and intestinal parasitic stages of two separated Swiss wild boar populations north and south of the Alps: Similar parasite spectrum with regional idiosyncrasies

Fig. 1. Map of Switzerland with sampling areas for the northern (Cantons of Aargau (AG), Schaffhausen (SH), Thurgau (TG) and Zürich (ZH)) and the southern (Canton of Ticino (TI)) wild boar population. N: number of lungs sampled.

Figs 26-31. 26 in Synopsis of the parasitic wasps Bephrata (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) in Brazil

Figs 26-31. 26, Bephrata leptogaster Gates & Hanson, 2009, female, gaster narrow and elongate, length 6× or more maximum height in female, indicated by red arrow; 27, Bephrata christeri Gates & Hanson, 2009 (Holotype) (modified from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m374c43804-1831-4ccc- 9bd2-c54f54c050ba), gaster less elongate, no more than 5× maximum height in female, indicated by red arrow; gaster less elongate, no more than 5× maximum height in female, indicated by red arrow; 28, Bephrata chica Gates & Hanson, 2009 (Holotype) (modified from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ m30b51a95d-d90f-4fd3-9216-f4711473e5fa), female, metacoxa almost entirely yellowish brown colored, indicated by red arrow; metacoxa almost entirely yellowish brown colored, indicated by red arrow; 29, Bephrata lorraineae Gates & Hanson, 2009, female, metacoxa completely yellow, indicated by red arrow; 30, Bephrata christeri Gates & Hanson, 2009 (Holotype), pronotum dorsally entirely yellow in female, indicated by red arrow; 31, Bephrata lorraineae Gates & Hanson, 2009, (modified from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m34d2c5ccf-363b-4300-a545-56bbbed8c3ed), pronotum dorsally entirely yellow in female, indicated by red arrow; pronotum dorsally with extensive black in female, indicated by red arrow.

Figs 16, 17. Bephrata ruficollis Cameron, 1884 in Synopsis of the parasitic wasps Bephrata (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) in Brazil

Figs 16, 17. Bephrata ruficollis Cameron, 1884: 16, lateral habitus; 17, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circles = new records.

Figs 11, 12 in Synopsis of the parasitic wasps Bephrata (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) in Brazil

Figs 11, 12. Bephrata leptogaster Gates & Hanson, 2009: 11, lateral habitus; 12, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circles = new records.

Figs 1, 2 in Synopsis of the parasitic wasps Bephrata (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) in Brazil

Figs 1, 2. Bephrata bahiae (Ashmead, 1904): 1, lateral habitus, female; 2, distribution map; red circles; previous records, blue circles = new records.

Figs 20-25. 20 in Synopsis of the parasitic wasps Bephrata (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) in Brazil

Figs 20-25. 20, Bephrata cultriformis (Ashmead, 1894) female, anterior surface of procoxa without sinuous groove, indicated by red arrow; 21, Bephrata ruficollis Cameron, 1884, female, anterior surface of procoxa with sinuous groove, indicated by red arrow; 22, Bephrata cultriformis (Ashmead, 1894) female, metatibia with shorter apical spur peglike, indicated by red arrow; 23, Bephrata ruficollis Cameron, 1884, female, metatibia with shorter apical pointed spur, indicated by red arrow; 24, Bephrata ticos Gates & Hanson, 2009, female, dorsal-posterior part of head entirely black, indicated by red arrow; 25, Bephrata bahiae (Ashmead, 1904) female, dorsal-posterior part of head with yellow area between occiput and ocellar area, indicated by red arrow.

Figs 18, 19 in Synopsis of the parasitic wasps Bephrata (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) in Brazil

Figs 18, 19. Bephrata ticos Gates & Hanson, 2009: 18, lateral habitus, female; 19, distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circle = new record. Key to species of Bephrata occurring in Brazil (adapted from GATES & HANSON, 2009)

Fig 15 in Synopsis of the parasitic wasps Bephrata (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) in Brazil

Fig 15. Bephrata lorraineae Gates & Hanson, 2009. Seasonality at the Capim-AÇu trail, Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Pernambuco, Brazil, 2019-2020.

Figs 9, 10 in Synopsis of the parasitic wasps Bephrata (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) in Brazil

Figs 9, 10. Bephrata cultriformis (Ashmead, 1894): 9, lateral habitus, female; 10; distribution map; red circles = previous records, blue circles = new records.

Figs 5, 6 in Synopsis of the parasitic wasps Bephrata (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) in Brazil

Figs 5, 6. Bephrata chica Gates & Hanson, 2009: 5, lateral habitus, female, holotype (modified from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m30b51a95d-d90f-4fd3- 9216-f4711473e5fa); 6, distribution map; red circles = previous records.