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FIGURE 7. Female genitalia L in Taxonomic status of the genus Lunakia, including a redescription of the male and female genitalia of Lunakia alyssella (Klimesch, 1941) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae)
FIGURE 7. Female genitalia L. alyssella: antrum with subgenital plate.
FIGURE 4 in Pararhigognostis-a new genus for Plutella stichocentra Meyrick, 1932 (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae), with a redescription of its male and female genitalia
FIGURE 4. Pararhigognostis stichocentra, wing venations: A, forewing, B, hindwing.
TABLE 1 in Pararhigognostis-a new genus for Plutella stichocentra Meyrick, 1932 (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae), with a redescription of its male and female genitalia
<p><b>TABLE 1.</b> Summary of differences in characters between the genera <i>Plutella</i>, <i>Plutelloptera</i>, <i>Eidopasia messingiella</i> group, <i>E. syenitella</i> group, <i>Rhigognostis</i> and the new genus <i>Pararhigognostis</i>.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>characters</th><th><i>Plutella</i></th><th><i>Plutelloptera</i></th><th><i>E. messingiella</i> -group</th><th><i>E. syenitella —</i> group</th><th><i>Rhigognostis</i></th><th><i>Pararhigognostis</i></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>course of R1 vein in foreving</th><td>reaches the costal margin within</td><td>reaches the costal margin beyond pterostigma</td><td></td><td>reaches the costal margin within the pterostigma (Fig. 4A)</td></tr><tr><td>pterostigma</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>course veins of M1 and M3 in hindving</th><td>stalked M1 and M2</td><td></td><td>free (Fig. 4B)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>male</th></tr><tr><th>valva shape</th><td>elongate with rounded apex</td><td>broad, square or trapezoid outline</td><td>broad, obovate</td><td>elongate, rectangular in outline</td><td>elongate, gently rounded apex constricted at 2/3 of its lenght</td><td>elongate, trapezoid (Fig. 6A)</td></tr><tr><th>costal margin of valva</th><td>gently curved</td><td>straight</td><td>slightly bent</td><td>straight</td><td>with a gently rounded, broad apex, constricted at 2/3 of its length</td><td>straight with a very small, hooked top halfway along (Fig. 6A)</td></tr><tr><th>posterior margin of valva</th><td>distinctly elongated</td><td>gently rounded</td><td>rounded, at the ventral margin</td><td>gently rounded</td><td>distinctly elongated</td><td>straight with a small recess one</td></tr><tr><th>ventral margin of valva</th><td>straight</td><td></td><td>slightly convex at 2/3 of its lenght</td><td>straight</td><td>gently rounded</td><td>straight, with a distinct, sclerotized tooth-shaped appendage immediately (Fig. 6A)</td></tr><tr><th>posterior/ costal apex</th><td>oval</td><td>rounded</td><td></td><td>oval</td><td></td><td>rounded (Fig. 6A)</td></tr><tr><th>posterior/ventral apex</th><td>rounded</td><td>raised, rounded with a group of small thorns</td><td>rounded</td><td>oval</td><td>triangular (Fig. 6A)</td></tr><tr><th>sacculus</th><td>fololded with distinct spines</td><td>absent</td><td>deeply folded basally, which two complicated arms which bear stout spines</td><td>long, club-shaped, margins conspicuously denticulate</td><td>absent</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>length of aedeagus as compare to valve</th><td>shorter</td><td></td><td>slightly longer</td><td>shorter</td><td></td><td>twice as long</td></tr><tr><th>shape of aedeagus</th><td>straight</td><td></td><td>curved</td><td></td><td></td><td>straight (Fig. 5B)</td></tr><tr><th>base of aedeagus</th><td>broadened with a pair</td><td>broadened</td><td>slightly dilated</td><td>expanded on one side</td><td>unilaterally extended</td><td>slightly, dilated (Fig. 6C)</td></tr><tr><th>of lateral hooks</th></tr><tr><th>apex of aedeagus</th><td>needle shaped</td><td>narrowed</td><td>slightly wider</td><td>gently tapering</td><td>sharpened</td><td>one-sided sharpened (Fig. 6B)</td></tr><tr><th>aedeagus</th><td>sclerotized</td><td>weakly</td><td>membranous</td><td>sclerotized</td><td>weakly sclerotized</td><td>sclerotized (Fig. 5B)</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>sclerotized</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>cornuti with aedeagus</th><td>absent</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>single long dentate, pointed spine</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>tegumen gnathos complex</th><td>gnathal process surrounding of the anal tube</td><td>not isolated</td><td>semi-elliptical</td><td>not isolated</td><td>gnathal process surrounding of the anal tube</td><td>not isolated</td></tr><tr><th>saccus</th><td>large, long strongly sclerotized</td><td>large, shorter, strongly slerotized</td><td>wide, short and slightly curved</td><td>long and narrow</td><td>very long, narrow</td><td>long (Fig. 5A)</td></tr><tr><th>apodema</th><td>absent</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>present</td><td>absent</td></tr><tr><th>female</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>apophyses posteriores</th><td>thiny, short</td><td>thiny, longer</td><td>thiny, short</td><td></td><td>thiny, very short</td><td>thiny, long (Fig. 7A)</td></tr><tr><th>apophyses anteriores</th><td>thiny, long</td><td>thiny, short</td><td>thiny and curved in half its length</td><td>thiny</td><td>thiny, very short</td><td>thiny, long (Fig. 7A)</td></tr><tr><th>length of a. posteriores as compare to a. anteriores</th><td>shorter</td><td>longer</td><td>slightly longer</td><td>this same lenght</td><td>twice as long</td><td>longer</td></tr><tr><th>antrum</th><td>cup like, thin, only slighty wider than ductus bursa</td><td>cup like, clearly wider than ductus bursae</td><td>elongated, sclerotized</td><td>cup-shaped, membranous</td><td>initially narrow, then strongly distended and round</td><td>narrow and elongated, cup-shaped (Fig. 7B)</td></tr><tr><th>ductus bursae below antrum</th><td>sclerotized</td><td></td><td>membranous</td><td>sclerotized</td><td>only short section sclerotized</td><td>dilated, markedly sclerotized (Fig. 7A)</td></tr><tr><th>ductus bursae</th><td>short, strongly sclerotized, very thin</td><td>very short, sclerotized</td><td>very short, strengthened at the antrum</td><td>not very long, membranous</td><td>long, membranous</td><td>membranous (Fig. 7A)</td></tr><tr><th>bursa copulatrix</th><td>elongate, small,</td><td>elongate, long,</td><td>elongated, irregular</td><td>small, oval,</td><td>large, oval</td><td>small, round</td></tr><tr><th>strengthenedd walls of bursa copulatrix</th><td>membranous</td><td></td><td></td><td>sclerotised, very numerous spines, tiny and short</td><td>membranous, with small teeth or strongly sclerotized</td><td>membranous, with small teeth (Fig. 7A)</td></tr><tr><th>signum</th><td>absent</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>present or absent</td><td>absent</td></tr></tbody></table><p>......continued on the next page</p>
Data from: Females of a cannibalistic spider control mutilation of their genitalia by males
When females can mate multiply, the interests of both sexes over female remating may not coincide, leading to selection for adaptations and counter-adaptations in males and females. In several orb-weaving spiders, males damage external structures of the female genitalia during copulation, which hinders the female from remating. We investigated whether females have control over the mutilation of their genitalia in the orb-weaving spider Larinia jeskovi. We found that female sexual cannibalism during copulation reduced the number of insertions a male was able to perform and hence limited the probability of genital mutilation by the male. Genital mutilation did not differ between treatments in which females experienced different availabilities of other males before the mating trial: males absent, males near the female ('vicinity group'), and males in the female's web ('web group'). However, traits of the mating male (size, condition) were significantly correlated with the occurrence of cannibalism during mating in 'web' and 'vicinity' treatments. These results suggest that females have control over mutilation by an early termination of mating, can respond to the availability of potential mates and can alter the probability of mutilation according to certain male traits. Female sexual cannibalism may represent a counter-adaptation to genital mutilation allowing females to mate multiply.
FIGURE 1 in Description of the female genitalia of Monochroa tekovella Kosorin, 2020 (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea, Gelechiidae, Anomologini)
FIGURE 1. Monochroa tekovella female, external appearance.
FIGURE 193. Orchestina luispi, female genitalia. A. Dorsal, cleared. B in Taxonomic Revision Of The Jumping Goblin Spiders Of The Genus Orchestina Simon, 1882, In The Americas (Araneae: Oonopidae)
FIGURE 193. Orchestina luispi, female genitalia. A. Dorsal, cleared. B. SEM, ventral (cuticle partially removed). C. Same, detail of the epigastric region. D. Same, dorsal-posterior. E. Detail of the anterior receptaculum. F. Dorsal. Abbreviations: AA, apodemes of the anterior receptaculum; AR, anterior receptaculum; IT, intertracheal tube; PA, posterior apodeme; TT, tracheal tube. Asterisks indicate the additional membranous expansions of the anterior receptaculum. Scale bars: A, D, F. 50 μm. B, C. 100 μm. E. 20 μm. (PBI_OON 14809).
Figures 1-12 from: Meng Z, Yang M (2012) Female genitalia of Seasogonia Young from China, with a new synonym and a new record (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellini). ZooKeys 164: 25-40. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.164.2132
Figures 1-12 - Seasogonia indosinica (Jacobi), body of male (9.0 mm): 1 dorsal view 2 lateral view 3 ventral view. Seasogonia nigromaculata Kuoh, body of male (11.5 mm): 4 dorsal view 5 lateral view 6 ventral view. Seasogonia rosea Kuoh, body of male (10.9 mm): 7 dorsal view 8 lateral view 9 ventral view. Seasogonia sandaracata (Distant), body of male (11.2 mm): 10 dorsal view 11 lateral view 12 ventral view.
Figures 34-40 from: Meng Z, Yang M (2012) Female genitalia of Seasogonia Young from China, with a new synonym and a new record (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellini). ZooKeys 164: 25-40. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.164.2132
Figures 34-40 - Seasogonia indosinica (Jacobi): 34 valvifers I and bases of valvulae I, ventral view Seasogonia rosea Kuoh: 35 Sternite VII, ventral view 36 pygofer, lateral view 37 valvifers I and bases of valvulae I, ventral view Seasogonia sandaracata (Distant): 38 Sternite VII, ventral view 39 pygofer, lateral view 40 valvifers I and bases of valvulae I, ventral view. LB = lobe. Scale bars in millimeters.
Figures 26-33 from: Meng Z, Yang M (2012) Female genitalia of Seasogonia Young from China, with a new synonym and a new record (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellini). ZooKeys 164: 25-40. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.164.2132
Figures 26-33 - Seasogonia indosinica (Jacobi), female genitalia: 26 sternite VII, ventral view 27 Pygofer, lateral view 28 valvifer I, lateral view 29 valvifer II, lateral view 30 valvula I, lateral view 31 valvula II, lateral view 32 apex of valvula II, lateral view 33 gonoplac, lateral view. AP = articulation point, DE = denticles, TO = tooth, VHA = ventral hyaline area, VID = ventral interlocking device. Scale bars in millimeters.
Figures 13-25 from: Meng Z, Yang M (2012) Female genitalia of Seasogonia Young from China, with a new synonym and a new record (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellini). ZooKeys 164: 25-40. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.164.2132
Figures 13-25 - Seasogonia nigromaculata Kuoh, male genitalia: 13 pygofer, lateral view 14 pygofer process, caudal view 15 subgenital plate, ventral view 16 aedeagus, lateral view 17 aedeagus, ventral view 18 connective, dorsal view 19 style, dorsal view. Seasogonia rosea Kuoh, male genitalia: 20 pygofer, lateral view 21 subgenital plate, ventral view 22 aedeagus, lateral view 23 aedeagus, ventral view 24 connective, dorsal view 25 style, dorsal view.
Figures 53-64 from: Meng Z, Yang M (2012) Female genitalia of Seasogonia Young from China, with a new synonym and a new record (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellini). ZooKeys 164: 25-40. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.164.2132
Figures 53-64 - Valvulae II and their teeth, lateral view. 53, 54 Seasogonia sandaracata (Distant, 1908) 55, 56 Gununga yoshimotoi Young, 1986 57, 58 Anagonalia melichari (Distant, 1908) 59, 60 Sphinctogonia lacta Zhang & Kuoh, 1993 61, 62 Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) 63, 64 Stenatkina albopennis Yang, 2007. PP = preapical prominence. Scale bars in millimeters.
Figures 41-52 from: Meng Z, Yang M (2012) Female genitalia of Seasogonia Young from China, with a new synonym and a new record (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellini). ZooKeys 164: 25-40. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.164.2132
Figures 41-52 - Valvulae I and their apical portions, lateral view. 41, 42 Seasogonia sandaracata (Distant, 1908) 43, 44 Gununga yoshimotoi Young, 1986 45, 46 Anagonalia melichari (Distant, 1908) 47, 48 Sphinctogonia lacta Zhang & Kuoh, 1993 49, 50 Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) 51, 52 Stenatkina albopennis Yang, 2007. VHA = ventral hyaline area, VID = ventral interlocking device. Scale bars in millimeters.
Figures 13-16 Aleptina female genitalia 13 from: Metzler E, Forbes G (2011) The Lepidoptera of White Sands National Monument, Otero County, New Mexico, USA 3. A new species of Aleptina Dyar, 1902 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Amphipyrinae, Psaphidini). ZooKeys 149: 125-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.1517
Figures 13-16 Aleptina female genitalia 13 - Figures 13–16. Aleptina female genitalia. 13 Aleptina arenaria Metzler & Forbes, female genital details. paratype 14 Aleptina arenaria Metzler & Forbes, female genital details of two eighth sternite processes. paratype 15 Aleptina inca Dyar, female genital details 16 Aleptina clinopetes Dyar, female genital details.
Fig. 51. Stalobrachys gen. nov., female genitalia. A. Dorsal view. B. Left lateral view. C in Revision of the Eurybrachidae XIV. The Australian genera Olonia Stål, 1862 and Stalobrachys gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)
Fig. 51. Stalobrachys gen. nov., female genitalia. A. Dorsal view. B. Left lateral view. C. Ventral view. Abbreviations: An = anal tube; As V = fifth abdominal sternite; As VI = sixth abdominal sternite; As VII = seventh abdominal sternite; Gp = gonoplac; Gx VIII = gonocoxa VIII; Gy IX = gonapophysis IX.
Figures Į8–22. Marimatha female genitalia. Į8 M. nigrofimbria Į9 M. squala 20 M. quadrata 2Į M. tripuncta 22 M. piscimala. in Review of the North American species of Marimatha Walker with descriptions of three new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Eustrotiinae) and the description of Pseudomarimatha flava (Noctuinae, Elaphriini), a new genus and species confused with Marimatha
Figures Į8–22. Marimatha female genitalia. Į8 M. nigrofimbria Į9 M. squala 20 M. quadrata 2Į M. tripuncta 22 M. piscimala.
FIGURE 1 in The larva, pupa, and female and male genitalia of Aedes (Howardina) guatemala Berlin, 1969 (Diptera: Culicidae)
FIGURE 1. Collection sites of Aedes (Howardina) guatemala in Chiapas State, Mexico.
Fig. 7. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, cleared female genitalia. A–C in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)
Fig. 7. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, cleared female genitalia. A–C. From USA, California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089). D–F. From Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). A, D. Ventral views. B, E. Dorsal views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.3 mm; C, F = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 11. Female genitalia. A‒B in Strange new spiders: on Roddenberryus, a new and unusual caponiid genus (Araneae, Caponiidae)
Fig. 11. Female genitalia. A‒B. Roddenberryus kirk gen. et sp. nov., ♀ (INBIO 4407645). A. External genital area, ventral view. B. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. C‒D. Roddenberryus spock gen. et sp. nov., ♀, paratype (CNAN). C. External genital area, ventral view. D. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. E‒F. Roddenberryus sargi (Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) gen. nov., ♀ (INBIO). E. External genital area, ventral view. F. Internal genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars: A‒B = 0.5 mm; C‒F = 0.2 mm.
Data from: Quantitative genetic insights into the coevolutionary dynamics of male and female genitalia
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Data from: Quantifying variation in female internal genitalia: no evidence for plasticity response to sexual conflict risk in a seed beetle
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