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Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata

Figure 1. Phylogenetic hypothesis of the order Runcinida based on the combined genes H3, COI, and 16S inferred by Bayesian analysis. Numbers on the left of the slash are posterior probabilities and on the right bootstrap values derived from maximum likelihood analysis. A, ABGD results based on the COI dataset. B, bPTP results based on the COI dataset. Rectangles in Ilbia ilbi are missing since there is no COI sequence available. Abbreviations: ATL, Atlantic Ocean; MED, Mediterranean Sea. *, branches with maximum support. 1, refers to sequences from Genbank.

Figure 8 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata

Figure 8. Living animal of Runcinida sp. (MNCN 15.05/90670, 3 mm in length, Cap Ferret, north of France, Atlantic Ocean). Image courtesy of Marina Poddubetskaia.

Figure 3 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata

Figure 3. Living animals of Runcina coronata (A, B) and Runcina aurata (C–F). A, MNCN 15.05/88105, 3 mm in length, Swanage (southern England). B, MNCN 15.05/90423, 4 mm in length, Swanage (southern England) (photos Ian F. Smith). C, MNCN/ADN 118948, 1.5mm in length, La Caleta, Cádiz (south-western Spain; Atlantic Ocean). D, MNCN/ADN 118950, 1mm in length, La Caleta, Cádiz (south-western Spain; Atlantic Ocean). E, MNCN 15.05/88106, 2 mm in length, La Caleta, Cádiz (south-western Spain; Atlantic Ocean). F, MNCN 15.05/88107, 2mm in length, La Caleta, Cádiz (south-western Spain; Atlantic Ocean). Photos A and B, courtesy of Ian F. Smith; photos C–F by Ana Karla Araujo.

Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata

Figure 2. Runcina coronata species-complex. Detail of Clade F extracted from the analyses illustrated in Figure 1. Continuous rectangles, ABGD analysis based on the COI dataset. Dotted rectangles, bPTP analysis based on the COI dataset. *, branches with maximum support. 1, refers to sequences from Genbank.

Figure 7 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata

Figure 7. Living animals of Runcina caletensis (A, B) and Runcina tingensis (C, D). A, MNCN/AND 118949, 1.5 mm in length, La Caleta, Cádiz (south-western Spain; Atlantic Ocean). B, MNCN 15.05/200113, 3 mm in length, La Caleta, Cádiz (south-western Spain; Atlantic Ocean). C, MNCN 15.05/91514, 1.5mm in length, Tangier (north-western Morocco; Atlantic Ocean). D, MNCN 15.05/200114, 2mm in length, Tangier (north-western Morocco; Atlantic Ocean). A, B images by Ana Karla Araujo; C, D images courtesy of Naoufal Tamsouri.

Figure 6. Male reproductive system. A in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata

Figure 6. Male reproductive system. A, Runcina coronata, southern England (MNCN 15.05/90423). B, Runcina aurata, La Caleta, Cádiz, south-western Spain, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/88106). C, Runcina caletensis, La Caleta, Cádiz, southwestern Spain, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/200113). D, Runcina tingensis, Tangier, north-western Morocco, Atlantic Ocean (MNCN 15.05/91514). Shaded area indicates the presence of sperm. Abbreviations: MO, male opening; PP, penial papilla; PG, prostate gland; SV, seminal vesicle.

Figure 11 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata

Figure 11. Scanning electron micrographs of radula of Runcina hornae (MNCN 15.05/90654, 1 mm in length, Mataro, Spain). A, rachidian teeth. B, lateral teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 μm; B = 10 μm.

Figure 10 in Molecular phylogeny of European Runcinida (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): the discover of an unexpected pool of complex species, with special reference to the case of Runcina coronata

Figure 10. Living animals of Runcina hornae. Specimens from Catalonia, north-eastern Spain (Mediterranean Sea). A, MNCN 15.05/88104, 1 mm in length. B, MNCN 15.05/90661, 1 mm in length. C, MNCN/AND 118954, 2 mm in length. D, MNCN 15.05/90656, 1.5 mm in length. E, MNCN 15.05/90660, 3 mm in length. F, MNCN 15.05/90655, 3 mm in length. G, MNCN 15.05/90659, 2.5 mm in length. H, MNCN 15.05/90665, 1.5 mm in length. I, MNCN 15.05/90658, 1.5 mm in length. J, MNCN 15.05/90654, 2 mm in length. L, MNCN 15.05/90657, 1 mm in length. M, MNCN 15.05/90662, 2 mm in length. N, MNCN 15.05/90664, 3 mm in length. O, MNCN 15.05/90663, 1 mm in length. P, MNCN 15.05/88110, 2 mm in length. Images A, E, G, H courtesy of Carlés Galià; images B, F, M, N, O courtesy of Marina Poddubetskaia; images C, D, I, J, L, P by Ana Karla Araujo.

FIGURE 2 in The genus Apholidoptera of Pholidopterini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): Molecular phylogeny confirms the generic status

FIGURE 2. Titillators in Ap. kurda (A), Aph. pietschmanni (B), Aph. distincta (C) and Aph. karabagi (D) (A and B according to Salman 1981; C and D according to Çıplak 2000).

FIGURE 6 in The genus Apholidoptera of Pholidopterini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): Molecular phylogeny confirms the generic status

FIGURE 6. Head, pronotum and tegmina from above in Ap. kurda (A), Aph. pietschmanni (B), Aph. distincta (C) and Aph. karabagi (D) (scale 1 mm)

FIGURE 1 in The genus Apholidoptera of Pholidopterini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): Molecular phylogeny confirms the generic status

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree of Pholidopterini produced from the concatenated dataset of COI+NAD2+VAL+ITS. The bootstrap (ML)/posterior probability (BI) supports to the nodes are given for the main nodes (*bootstrap/posterior probability <50/0.5; the number of species (spp) and haplotypes (h) per genus are indicated).

FIGURE 3 in The genus Apholidoptera of Pholidopterini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): Molecular phylogeny confirms the generic status

FIGURE 3. Male anal tergum in Ap. kurda (A), Aph. pietschmanni (B), Aph. distincta (C) and Aph. karabagi (D) (scale 1 mm). FIGURE 4. Female subgenital plate and seventh sternum in Ap. kurda (A), Aph. pietschmanni (B), Aph. distincta (C) and Aph. karabagi (D) (scale 1 mm) FIGURE 5. Hind femur in Ap. kurda (A), Aph. pietschmanni (B), Aph. distincta (C) and Aph. karabagi (D) (scale 1 mm)

FIGURE 19 in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny

FIGURE 19. Orthophytum caraibense (Vidal s.n.). A–B. General view of the habitat in the type locality, in Bonito de Minas, RPPN Vereda da Caraíba, Minas Gerais state. C. Habit. D. Habit of the holotype that flowered in cultivation. E. Details of the corolla. F. Floral bracts and flower. G. Proximal portion of the unappendaged petal. H. Conduplicate-patent stigma type. Bars = 5 mm. (A–C photos: C.V. Vidal).

FIGURE 16 in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny

FIGURE 16. Adaxial view of the anthers in pre-anthesis (A, E, G, K, M, Q, S, W) and at anthesis (B, H, N, T), and abaxial view in pre-anthesis (C, F, I, L, O, R, U, X) and at anthesis (D, J, P, V). A–D. Siqueiranthus cinereus (Leme 9785). E–F. Cryptanthus zonatus (Leme 6234). G–J. C. lacerdae (Leme 9828). K–L. C. robsonianus (Leme 8896). M–P. Orthophytum maracasense (Leme 9615). Q–R. O. leprosum (Leme 9539). S–V. Krenakanthus roseolilacinus (Leme 8922). W–X. Orthocryptanthus vasconcelosianus (Leme 8673). Bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 12 in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny

FIGURE 12. Siqueiranthus cinereus at type locality: A. Habit. B–C. Details of the inflorescence. D. José Alves Siqueira Filho during his field studies with the type population. E–F. Different stages and sizes of the caulescent habit. G. Details of the inflorescence. Bars = 20 cm. (Photos: J.A. Siqueira).

FIGURE 9 in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny

FIGURE 9. Species of Orthocryptanthus: A. O. vasconcelosianus (Leme 8673). B. O. santaritensis (Leme 8945). C. O. arcanus (Leme 9093).

FIGURE 18 in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny

FIGURE 18. Longitudinal cross-section of the ovary (A–D) and fruits (E–J) of Siqueiranthus and Cryptanthus. A. S. cinereus (Leme 9785). B. C. lacerdae (Leme 9828). C. C. robsonianus (Leme 8896). D. C. pseudopetiolatus (Leme 9812). E–F. S. cinereus (Leme 9785). G. C. colnagoi (Leme 9154). H. C. sp. nov. (Leme 9253). I. C. pseudopetiolatus (Leme 9812). J. C. santosii (Leme 9811). K. Seeds of S. cinereus (Leme 9785). L–N. Seeds of Cryptanthus. L. C. aff. beuckeri (Leme 3891). M. C. bahianus (Leme 9616). N. C. argyrophyllus (Leme 8896). O. Krenakanthus roseolilacinus (Leme 8922). P. Orthocryptanthus vasconcelosianus (Leme 8673). Bars = 5 mm (A–J). Bars = 2 mm (K–P).

FIGURE 8 in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny

FIGURE 8. Krenakanthus roseolilacinus (Leme 8922): A. Habit at type locality. B. Frontal view of the flowers. C. Lateral view of the flower. D. Petal. E. Petal, stamens, and style. F. Longitudinal section of ovary. Bars = 5 mm (Photo: A. R. Vasconcelos Leitão).

FIGURE 6 in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny

FIGURE 6. Seed coat anatomy of Krenakanthus, Orthocryptanthus (Ortcr.) and Orthophytum (Ortph.) A, C. Seed in median cross section. B, D–J: seed coat in median cross-section, in the antiraphe region. A, B. K. roseolilacinus (Leme 8922). C, D. Ortph. vagans (Leme 505). E. Ortph. compactum (Leme 5604). F. Ortph. leprosum (Leme 7897). G. Ortph. maracasense (Leme 9617). H. Ortph. pseudovagans (Leme 6821). I. Ortph. saxicola (Leme 6058). J. Ortcr. vasconcelosianus (Leme 8673). Arrow = vascular bundle. en = endosperm. r = raphe. sc = seed coat. The numbers indicate the different layers of the seed coat. 1 = endotegmen (with discontinuous elements of mesotegmen). 2 = exotegmen. 3 = endotesta. 4 = exotesta. Bars: A, C = 500 μm. B, D–J: 50 μm.

FIGURE 4. Embryo morphology. A–L in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny

FIGURE 4. Embryo morphology. A–L. Isolated embryo in lateral view of Cryptanthus, Orthophytum, and Siqueiranthus. A. C. aff. beuckeri (Leme 3891). B. C. aff. burle-marxii (Leme 9487). C. C. pickelii (Leme 9665). D. C. colnagoi (Leme 9154). E. C. bahianus (Leme 9616). F. S. cinereus (Leme 9785). G. O. saxicola (Leme 6058). H. O. maracasense (Leme 9617). I. O. compactum (Leme 5604). J. O. pseudovagans (Leme 6821). K. O. leprosum (Leme 7897). L. O. vagans (Leme 505). cn = cotyledonary node; cot = cotyledon; h-r = hypocotyl-radicle axis. s = suspensor. Bars = 250 μm.