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05 - How to provide science with solid foundations...at the origins of critical thinking (Part 1)

Session #5 of the REINFORCE Critical & Scientific Thinking course, entitled, 'How to provide science with solid foundations...at the origins of critical thinking (Part 1)', is given by Stefano Gattei, Professor of Science in Society, at the University of Trento, Italy. In this session, Prof. Gattei covers the ways in which the Second Scientific Revolution was also intertwined with a revolution in the philosophy of science.

12 - The Game of Science

Session #12 of the REINFORCE Critical & Scientific Thinking course, entitled, 'The Game of Science', is given by Stefano Gattei, Professor of Science in Society, at the University of Trento, Italy. During the session, Prof. Gattei covers the Game of Science, as described by Popper, with a study of the Rules and the Supreme Rule, which governs them all.

17 - Incommensurability in Science

Session #17 of the REINFORCE Critical & Scientific Thinking course, entitled, 'Incommensurability in Science', is given by Stefano Gattei, Professor of Science in Society, at the University of Trento, Italy. During the session, Prof. Gattei looks at approaches to the question, do scientific revolutions lead progress and how can this be measured? The session covers the idea of incommensurability, looking in detail at its aspects of methodology, ontology and semantics, before ending with an explanation of Kuhn's Law.

15 - Normal Science as Puzzle Solving

Session #15 of the REINFORCE Critical & Scientific Thinking course, entitled, 'Normal Science as Puzzle-Solving', is given by Stefano Gattei, Professor of Science in Society, at the University of Trento, Italy. During the session, Prof. Gattei covers Thomas Kuhn's ideas of Pre-Science and Normal Science, looking at the concepts of Paradigms and Puzzles, before going on to examine the ways in which the work of Ptolemy was still being used by Kepler a thousand years later.

13 - The New Philosophy of Science

Session #13 of the REINFORCE Critical & Scientific Thinking course, entitled, 'The New Philosophy of Science', is given by Stefano Gattei, Professor of Science in Society, at the University of Trento, Italy. During the session, Prof. Gattei begins with a brief recap of the history of the revolution in scientific thought during the first half of the twentieth century, before introducing the revolutionary New Philosophy of Science, which emerged with the opening of the second half of the century. The session covers the works of Kuhn and Feyerabend, while also exploring Toulmin, Hanson and Polanyi.

01 - A Missing Ingredient in Science Education

Session #1 of the REINFORCE Critical & Scientific Thinking course, 'A Missing Ingredient in Science Education', is given by Nobel Prize laureate Saul Perlmutter, Professor at the University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. During this first session, Prof. Perlmutter covers the problem of collective critical thinking, looking at the ways in which crises of scientific knowledge are also crises of decision-making. He examines intellectual methodologies and poses questions such as what is reality? The Sense and Sensibility and Science course, developed at UC Berkeley, is described, with the areas of Underpinnings and Probabilistic Thinking explained in detail.

From Good Science to Good Practice: An Implementation Evaluation of a Home-based Exercise Intervention for COPD Patients

With this study we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the implementation of the home-based HOMEX exercise program in the course of an RCT and the subsequent months, considering the perspective and experience of the involved persons and potential future providers. The results provided guidance to optimize the program and material and to ensure the programs’ long-term sustainability. We provide the following data: Data from patients <ul> <li>Excel File Satisfaction_IG_HOMEX-1_T4.xlsx <ul> <li>Satisfaction questionnaire, 1-year follow-up, intervention group participants (n=53)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Word Files <ul> <li>Transcripts of interviews with 9 selected intervention group participants</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Data from coaches: <ul> <li>Excel File Coaches_Questionnaire_Satisfaction.xlsx <ul> <li>Satisfaction survey, after study end, 12 coaches</li> </ul> </li> </ul>   Publication: Cerini T, Kunz R, Dalla Lana K, Radtke T, Polhemus A, Puhan MA, Frei A. Evaluation of the Implementation of a Home-Based Exercise Training Program for People With COPD: A Mixed-Methods Study. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences Front Rehabil Sci; 2021; 2: 743588 / DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2021.743588"> 10.3389/fresc.2021.743588 </a>

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Citizen science data on the presence of invasive mosquitoes in Hungary

<ol> <li>Climate change, intensified tourism and trade activity result in several exotic mosquito species invading the temperate zone, which has considerable ecological and economic consequences and threatens human health due to the pathogen-transmitting role of these organisms. Accordingly, three invasive mosquito species (Aedes albopictus, Ae. japonicus, and Ae. koreicus) have been described in the last decade in Hungary, a Central European country. It is crucial to understand how invasive species are introduced and their distribution is expanded at the country-level, for which intense surveillance programs are needed.</li> <li>We have established a citizen science program, in which we asked the public to submit reports on their observations of invasive mosquitoes. During a three-year campaign, we have collected and taxonomically validated about 3,000 reports that can be arranged along both the temporal and spatial scales. We aggregated these observations into 35 km2 quadrats and examined if these can be reliably used for scientific inferences.</li> <li>We first found that the number of validated reports in a quadrat depends on the underlying sampling effort (i.e., number of total reports), but this relationship varies among species and study years. Second, after controlling for study effort, we showed that the prevalence and presence/absence of invasive mosquitoes within quadrats are significantly repeatable among years, but this consistency varies in a species-specific way. Third, we demonstrated that conclusions about the local presence/absence of focal species based on citizen reports corroborate well the results of direct field sampling with conventional trapping protocols. </li> <li> Synthesis and applications. We suggest that if the reporting intensity is appropriate (i.e., the number of reports reaches a species-specific threshold), citizen science results can be used to derive biologically meaningful conclusions about the distribution of invasive mosquitoes in a country. Distribution maps of the three invasive species in Hungary can be used to identify ecological predictors that determine such spatial patterns and also to develop a mosquito control program and assess epidemiological risk. </li> </ol>

Chapter 11 Image set for the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis"

This is the image set used in Chapter 11 of the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis".

Chapter 6 Image set for the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis"

This is the image set used in Chapter 6 of the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis"

Chapter 5 Image set for the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis"

This is the image set used in Chapter 5 of the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis".

Chapter 8 Image set for the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis"

This is the image set used in Chapter 8 of the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis".

Chapter 4 Image set for the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis"

This is the image set used in Chapter 4 of the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis".

Chapter 3 Image set for the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis"

This is the image set used in Chapter 3 of the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis".

Chapter 2 Image Data of the book "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis"

This is the image set used in Chapter 2 of the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis", by Park and Ding, 2021, Springer Nature

Chapter 7 Image set for the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis"

This is the image set used in Chapter 7 of the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis".

Chapter 10 Image set for the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis"

This is the image set used in Chapter 10 of the book, "Data Science for Nano Image Analysis".

Supplementary dataset and scripts to Bastin et al.: Factors influencing the meridional width of the equatorial deep jets (Ocean Science)

Analysis scripts and data necessary to reproduce the findings of our paper "Factors influencing the meridional width of the equatorial deep jets", Ocean Science.

Epistemic Insight Initiative Data set: Findings from a hands-on science intervention to build school students' agency and epistemic insight into the power and limitations of science.

Data set that reports on the Findings from a hands-on science intervention to build school students’ agency and epistemic insight into the power and limitations of science. We report on an empirical study that sought to address three questions: <ul> <li>A study to extend the cognitive science of insight into the field of children’s developing understanding of the power and limitations of science</li> <li>A study to examine the effectiveness of the Epistemic Insight (EI) strategy which is designed to give each child hands-on, minds-on science</li> <li>A study to examine the effectiveness of the EI strategy to sustain science activity in schools during the challenging conditions of the pandemic</li> </ul> 1919 children and 63 teachers from 24 schools in England took part in the project.  This includes both primary and secondary schools.  The data reported here are taken from ten primary schools representing 1045 children aged 8-12 in years 4 to 7.