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1,140 results for “TOPS”
Data from: Warming and top predator loss drive ecosystem multifunctionality
Global change affects ecosystem functioning both directly by modifications in physicochemical processes, and indirectly, via changes in biotic metabolism and interactions. Unclear, however, is how multiple anthropogenic drivers affect different components of community structure and the performance of multiple ecosystem functions (ecosystem multifunctionality). We manipulated small natural freshwater ecosystems to investigate how warming and top predator loss affect seven ecosystem functions representing two major dimensions of ecosystem functioning, productivity and metabolism. We investigated their direct and indirect effects on community diversity and standing stock of multitrophic macro and microorganisms. Warming directly increased multifunctional ecosystem productivity and metabolism. In contrast, top predator loss indirectly affected multifunctional ecosystem productivity via changes in the diversity of detritivorous macroinvertebrates, but did not affect ecosystem metabolism. In addition to demonstrating how multiple anthropogenic drivers have different impacts, via different pathways, on ecosystem multifunctionality components, our work should further spur advances in predicting responses of ecosystems to multiple simultaneous environmental changes.
Data from: Top-down effects of a lytic bacteriophage and protozoa on bacteria in aqueous and biofilm phases
Lytic bacteriophages and protozoan predators are the major causes of bacterial mortality in natural microbial communities, which also makes them potential candidates for biological control of bacterial pathogens. However, little is known about the relative impact of bacteriophages and protozoa on the dynamics of bacterial biomass in aqueous and biofilm phases. Here, we studied the temporal and spatial dynamics of bacterial biomass in a microcosm experiment where opportunistic pathogenic bacteria Serratia marcescens was exposed to particle-feeding ciliates, surface-feeding amoebas, and lytic bacteriophages for 8 weeks, ca. 1300 generations. We found that ciliates were the most efficient enemy type in reducing bacterial biomass in the open water, but least efficient in reducing the biofilm biomass. Biofilm was rather resistant against bacterivores, but amoebae had a significant long-term negative effect on bacterial biomass both in the open-water phase and biofilm. Bacteriophages had only a minor long-term effect on bacterial biomass in open-water and biofilm phases. However, separate short-term experiments with the ancestral bacteriophages and bacteria revealed that bacteriophages crash the bacterial biomass dramatically in the open-water phase within the first 24 h. Thereafter, the bacteria evolve phage-resistance that largely prevents top-down effects. The combination of all three enemy types was most effective in reducing biofilm biomass, whereas in the open-water phase the ciliates dominated the trophic effects. Our results highlight the importance of enemy feeding mode on determining the spatial distribution and abundance of bacterial biomass. Moreover, the enemy type can be crucially important predictor of whether the rapid defense evolution can significantly affect top-down regulation of bacteria.
Data from: Top-down control of carbon sequestration: grazing affects microbial structure and function in salt marsh soils
Tidal wetlands have been increasingly recognized as long-term carbon sinks in recent years. Work on carbon sequestration and decomposition processes in tidal wetlands focused so far mainly on effects of global-change factors such as sea-level rise and increasing temperatures. However, little is known about effects of land use, such as livestock grazing, on organic matter decomposition and ultimately carbon sequestration. The present work aims at understanding the mechanisms by which large herbivores can affect organic matter decomposition in tidal wetlands. This was achieved by studying both direct animal-microbe interactions and indirect animal-plant-microbe interactions in grazed and ungrazed areas of two long-term experimental field sites at the German North Sea coast. We assessed bacterial and fungal gene abundance using quantitative PCR, as well as the activity of microbial exo-enzymes by conducting fluorometric assays. We demonstrate that grazing can have a profound impact on the microbial community structure of tidal wetland soils, by consistently increasing the fungi-to-bacteria ratio by 38-42%, and therefore potentially exerts important control over carbon turnover and sequestration. The observed shift in the microbial community was primarily driven by organic matter source, with higher contributions of recalcitrant autochthonous (terrestrial) vs. easily degradable allochthonous (marine) sources in grazed areas favoring relative fungal abundance. We propose a novel and indirect form of animal-plant-microbe interaction: top-down control of aboveground vegetation structure determines the capacity of allochthonous organic matter trapping during flooding and thus the structure of the microbial community. Furthermore, our data provide the first evidence that grazing slows down microbial exo-enzyme activity and thus decomposition through changes in soil redox chemistry. Activities of enzymes involved in C cycling were reduced by 28-40%, while activities of enzymes involved in N cycling were not consistently affected by grazing. It remains unclear if this is a trampling-driven direct grazing effect, as hypothesized in earlier studies, or if the effect on redox chemistry is plant mediated and thus indirect. This study improves our process-level understanding of how grazing can affect the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of semi-terrestrial ecosystems that may help explain and predict differences in C turnover and sequestration rates between grazed and ungrazed systems.
Data from: Non-consumptive effects of a top-predator decrease the strength of the trophic cascade in a four-level terrestrial food web
The fear of predators can strongly impact food web dynamics and ecosystem functioning through effects on herbivores morphology, physiology or behaviour. While non-consumptive predator effects have been mostly studied in three-level food chains, we lack evidence for the propagation of non-consumptive indirect effects of apex predators in four level food-webs, notably in terrestrial ecosystems. In experimental mesocosms, we manipulated a four-level food chain including top-predator cues (snakes), mesopredators (lizards), herbivores (crickets), and primary producers (plants). The strength of the trophic cascade induced by mesopredators through the consumption of herbivores decreased in the presence of top-predator cues. Specifically, primary production was higher in mesocosms where mesopredators were present relative to mesocosms with herbivores only, and this difference was reduced in presence of top-predator cues, probably through a trait-mediated effect on lizard foraging. Our study demonstrates that non-consumptive effects of predation risk can cascade down to affect both herbivores and plants in a four-level terrestrial food chain and emphasises the need to quantify the importance of such indirect effects in natural communities.
Pas de top-down sans bottom-up : Comment construire une politique publique d'entrepreneuriat innovant pensée pour et par les entrepreneurs ?
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Ruin on top of Meteora
Ruin on top of Meteora, Greece. The surrounding are is home to many monasteries. You can see a beautiful rendering of the area in google maps 3d view 39.723966, 21.627867 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteora Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Bank Top Kilns back wall flue and overhang
Section of Bank Top calcining kilns, operational from 1860 to 1911, to calcine ironstone from Rosedale West Mines before being transported 11 miles across the North York Moors on Rosedale Railway, down Ingleby Incline and out to the wider world. The kilns are being conserved in 2019 through the [Land of Iron project](https://www.northyorkmoors.org.uk/looking-after/landofiron). This back wall is particularly important as it illustrates the original size of the kilns and contains clues to their operation such as the flue. Follow us on [Sketchfab](https://sketchfab.com/landofiron) for updates on the conservation work.  Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Top Popular Animes
<p>Top popular animes dataset from myanimelist. Done with Python.</p> <p>Animes més populars de myanimelist. Fet amb Python.</p> <p>Cada fila del dataset corespon a un anime.</p> <p>- Nom: títol del anime.<br> - Nota: Nota mitja de les valoracions dels usuaris.<br> - Ranking: Posició en el ranking de més populars.<br> - Seguidors: Nombre de seguidors en la pagina.<br> - Tipus: tipus del anime, el qual pot ser “TV” (serie de TV), “Movie” (pelicula), “OVA” i <br> “Special” (episodis espacials) i “ONA” (serie online).<br> - Episodis: Número d’episodis totals.<br> - Llicència: Llista de distribuïdors.<br> - Estudi: Llista de productors.<br> - Gènere: temes relacionats amb aquell anime (exemple: Misteri, Suspens, etc.).<br> - Demografia: categoria japonesa per saber a qui va dirigit l’anime, per exemples: Shounen(adolecent masculí), Shojo(adolecent femení), Ecchi (adults), etc.<br> - Edat: Rang d’edat per visualitzar l’anime</p>
Top 100 most played Steam games
<p>This dataset contains the top 100 most played Steam games sorted by active players, and it was generated on November 8, 2021.</p>
Data for "Different types of corona discharges associated with high-altitude positive Narrow Bipolar Events nearby cloud top"
<p>The VLF/LF radio data at Malaysia station support the findings of the paper "Different types of corona discharges associated with high-altitude positive Narrow Bipolar Events nearby cloud top " is presented here. </p> <p>Each file includes three columns: time(seconds), azimuthal magnetic field Bø (nT) and radial magnetic field Br (nT).</p>
Top 5 Bollywood grossers from 1994-2019_Zenodo
<p>The dataset contains the details of the top 5 revenue grossers in Bollywood from 1994-2019.</p> <p>The dataset also contains the synopsis/storylines of all the movies.</p> <p>The dataset has been compiled by the researcher from various websites such as BoxOfficeIndia, IMDB, Wikipedia etc.</p>
Spinning Top
Model made with Blender 2.92. Texture with Blender and Quixel Mixer. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Benjamin Harrison's Top Hat
For more information about this item visit: https://bhpsite.org/ This item was 3D scanned using a Creaform Go Scan 50. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Top of a grave marker
Top of a grave marker in the shape of a wedding vase (loutrophoros) This beautifully decorated piece is the upper part of the same type of vase that is carved on the gravestone displayed above. This shape of grave marker was used on graves of those who died unmarried. Made in Attica, Greece, about 330 BC Marble GR.I.1964 An Artec Leo scan. https://data.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/id/object/69721 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Bank Top Kilns - 3 million faces
Ironstone calcining kilns at the top of Rosedale Chimney Bank built around 1860 to serve Hollins mines, the source of the mysterious magnetic ironstone which contained 71% iron content, so rich in iron it would hold a simple magnet. The kilns were originally much higher (see photo below, c. 1930) but since the mines closed in 1911 a combination of weather and stone salvage has reduced their height considerably.  Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
The list of top 50 most abundant phytoplankton taxa and the relative OTU abundance in Beibu Gulf summer and winter of 2022
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Top FIB Misinformation Superspreaders
The Top FIBers dashboard (https://osome.iu.edu/tools/topfibers/) tracks and reports on the top superspreaders of low-credibility information on Twitter and Facebook each month. This repository serves as a record of the top 50 we find each time we update the dashboard. Superspreaders are identified using the FIB index. Please see the paper (https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.09524) for more details. You can learn more about the project here: https://osome.iu.edu/tools/topfibers/about
390-400R570-620 Block at Top of Midden
**390-400R570-620 block at top of midden** Location: Wall site (31Or11), Orange County, North Carolina. Period: Late Woodland (AD 1500-1600). Dimensions: length, 10.00 ft (3.05 m) north-south; width, 50.00 ft (15.24 m) east-west. Notes: An archaeological excavation block at the north edge of the Wall site, undertaken by the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in 2015. This block revealed a line of postholes representing the outermost defensive palisade. Model by Steve Davis. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Bank Top Kilns back wall after conservation work
The back wall of Bank Top kilns after building conservation works in 2019. We recommend viewing this model spilt screen alongside the one made before the conservation works at https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/bank-top-kilns-back-wall-flue-and-overhang-609584ab779f42989d472c8a7c391e50. It is fascinating to identify which stones are new and which original, and appreciate how fragile the wall's condition was.  Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Efficacy and Safety of Top-down Therapy in Pediatric Crohn's Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01752790. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.