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1,063 results for “fig wasp”
Fig. 7. A in Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species
Fig. 7. A. Cotesia ocellata sp. nov., head in dorsal view (holotype, SAMA 32-44404). B. C. rubecula (Marshall, 1885), head in dorsal view (WINC).
Fig. 3. A in Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species
Fig. 3. A. Cotesia ruficrus (Haliday, 1834), scutellar disk (ANIC 32 130230). B. C. rufiventris (Bingham, 1906), scutellar disk (paralectotype NHMUK).
Fig. 6. A in Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species
Fig. 6. A. Cotesia nonagriae (Olliff, 1893), Giru, Australia (WINC). B. C. nonagriae, Bundaberg Australia (WINC). C. C. flavipes Cameron 1981, Indonesia (WINC).
Fig. 2. A in Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species
Fig. 2. A. Cotesia ocellata sp. nov., T1 (SAMA 32-44404). B. Cotesia reidarum sp. nov., T1 (QM T246703). C. Cotesia deliadis (Bingham, 1906), T1 (paralectotype, NHMUK).
Fig. 1 in Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species
Fig. 1. Map of Australia showing the collection locations of the seven newly described species of Cotesia as well as a Bayesian phylogeny of these species and the other Cotesia spp. known to occur in Australia with publically available COI data. Species listed in black are those treated in this study, whilst those in grey are not treated due to being represented by single specimens, or are BOLD sequences that fall outside the rest of that species clade and are therefore possible misidentifications. BOLD codes for these single specimens are given at the end of the label in the tree. Symbols on the map correspond to the symbols on the phylogeny. Bayesian posterior probability values of ± 95 are represented by *, whilst those of 90–94 inclusive are represented by °. The number of sequences in collapsed clades are given in brackets (n = x). Outgroups have been removed for simplicity.
Fig. 5. A in Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species
Fig. 5. A. Cotesia nonagriae (Olliff, 1893), head and mesosoma in lateral view. B. Cotesia ocellata sp. nov., head and mesosoma in lateral view (holotype, SAMA 32-44404).
Fig. 10. A in Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species
Fig. 10. A. Cotesia anthelae (Wilkinson, 1928), T2 (paratype, NHMUK 3.c.002). B. C. wonboynensis sp. nov., T2 (holotype ANIC 32 130294). C. C. medusae sp. nov., T2 (paratype, QM T246705). D. C. scripta sp. nov., T2 (paratype, MV T22495).
Figure 1 in First record of a non-pollinating fig wasp (Hymenoptera: Sycophaginae) from Dominican amber, with estimation of the size of its host figs
Figure 1. Idarnes thanatos sp. nov. female. (a) habitus in lateral view; (b) antenna; (c) detail of antenna; (d) mesosoma in dorsal view; (e) detail of profemur and protibia; (f) wings.
Data from: Pollination along an elevational gradient mediated both by floral scent and pollinator compatibility in the fig and fig‐wasp mutualism
In the fig (Moraceae) and fig‐wasp (Agaonidae) mutualism, scent is believed to be of primary importance in pollinator attraction and maintenance of species specificity. Scent divergence between closely related Ficus species seems sufficient in promoting reproductive isolation through pollinator behaviour, starting the process of speciation. We investigated volatile organic compound (VOC) variation from figs in several Ficus species endemic to Papua New Guinea. Sister species of section Papuacyse and subspecies of Ficus trichocerasa substitute each other along the continuously forested Mt. Wilhelm elevational gradient. We placed these species in a phylogenetic context to draw conclusions of scent divergence between close relatives. In addition, pollinator response to VOCs emitted by figs of different species was tested. Volatile profiles differed significantly between focal species, although with a varying degree of overlap between (sub)species and elevations. Pollinators were generally attracted to VOCs emitted only by their hosts except in one case where pollinating fig wasps were also attracted to the sister species of its host. Wasp morphological traits, however, indicate that it is mechanically impossible for this species to oviposit in figs of this atypical encounter. Synthesis. This study demonstrates that while scent is an effective signal for partner recognition, there are multiple barriers which help maintain prepollination isolation in fig and pollinating fig‐wasp interactions. Speciation along this elevational gradient is reinforced by divergence in key reproductive isolation mechanisms on both sides of the mutualism.
Data from: Genetic and physiological data suggest demographic and adaptive responses in complex interactions between populations of figs (Ficus pumila) and their pollinating wasps (Wiebesia pumilae)
To study interactions between host figs and their pollinating wasps and the influence of climatic change on their genetic structures, we sequenced cytoplasmic and nuclear genes and genotyped nuclear microsatellite loci from two varieties of Ficus pumila, the widespread creeping fig and endemic jelly fig, and from their pollinating wasps, Wiebesia pumilae, found in Taiwan and on nearby offshore islands. Great divergence in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) with no genetic admixture in nuclear markers indicated that creeping- and jelly-fig wasps are genetically distinct. Compared with creeping-fig wasps, jelly-fig wasps also showed better resistance under cold (20 °C) than warm (25 and 30 °C) conditions in a survival test, indicating their adaptation to a cold environment, which may have facilitated population expansion during the ice age as shown by a nuclear intron and 10 microsatellite loci. An excess of amino acid divergence and a pattern of too many rare mtCOI variants of jelly-fig wasps as revealed by computer simulations and neutrality tests implied the effect of positive selection, which we hypothesize was associated with the cold-adaptation process. Chloroplast DNA of the two fig plants was completely segregated, with signs of genetic admixture in nuclear markers. As creeping- and jelly-fig wasps can pollinate creeping figs, occasional gene flow between the two figs is thus possible. Therefore, it is suggested that pollinating wasps may be playing an active role in driving introgression between different types of host fig.
Data from: Phylogenetic Relationships of Fig Wasps Pollinating Functionally Dioecious Ficus Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequences and Morphology
The obligate mutualism between pollinating fig wasps in the family Agaonidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) and Ficus species (Moraceae) is often regarded as an example of coevolution but little is known about the history of the interaction and understanding the origin of functionally dioecious fig pollination has been especially difficult. The phylogenetic relationships of fig wasps pollinating functionally dioecious Ficus were inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene sequences (mtDNA) and morphology. Separate and combined analyses indicated that the pollinators of functionally dioecious figs are not monophyletic. However, pollinator relationships were generally congruent with host phylogeny and support a revised classification of Ficus. Ancestral changes in pollinator ovipositor length were also correlated with changes in fig breeding system. In particular, the relative elongation of the ovipositor was associated with the repeated loss of functionally dioecious pollination. The concerted evolution of interacting morphologies may bias estimates of phylogeny based on female head characters but homoplasy is not so concerted in other morphological traits. The lesser phylogenetic utility of morphology compared to mtDNA is not due to rampant convergence in morphology but rather to the greater number of potentially informative characters in DNA sequence data and patterns of nucleotide substitution also limit the utility of mtDNA. None the less, inferring the ancestral associations of fig pollinators from the best-supported phylogeny provided strong evidence of host conservatism in this highly specialized mutualism.
FIGURE 4 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURE 4. Robertsia weibleni female habitus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURE 2. Robertsia mandibularis female habitus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURE 1. Robertsia xylosyciae female habitus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Revision of the Papua New Guinean fig wasp genus Robertsia Bou ek (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae: Sycoecinae)
FIGURE 3. Robertsia vaamondei female habitus. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIG. 6 in The first leucospid wasp from the fossil record (Hymenoptera: Leucospidae)
FIG. 6. Photomicrograph of female holotype of Leucospis glaesaria, dorsal habitus.
Fig. 10. Males, lateral habitus. A in A review of the digger wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) of Hong Kong, with description of one new species and a key to known species
Fig. 10. Males, lateral habitus. A. Carinoscolia junnanensis (Betrem, 1928). B. Liacos erythrosoma (Burmeister, 1854). C. Megascolia azurea (Christ, 1791). D. Scolia binotata Fabricius, 1804. E. Sc. laeviceps Smith, 1855. F. Sc. pakshaoensis sp. nov., paratype (CBC). G. Sc. superciliaris de Saussure & Sichel, 1864.
Fig. 28 in Systematic revision of the parasitoid wasp genus Glyptapanteles Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) for Australia results in a ten-fold increase in species
Fig. 28. Glyptapanteles doreyi Fagan-Jeffries, Bird & Austin sp. nov., paratypes, ♀, 'clade A'. A, F–G. AUMIC412-18. B–E. AUMIC389-18. A. Lateral habitus. B. Fore wing. C. Dorsal mesosoma. D. Anterior head. E. Lateral head. F. Dorsal head. G. Dorsal metasoma.
Fig. 22 in Systematic revision of the parasitoid wasp genus Glyptapanteles Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) for Australia results in a ten-fold increase in species
Fig. 22. Glyptapanteles austini Fagan-Jeffries & Bird sp. nov. A, D–F. Paratype, ♀ (SAMA 32-46151). B–C, G. Holotype, ♀ (SAMA 32-45047). A. Dorsal mesosoma. B. Lateral head. C. Dorsal metasoma. D. Fore wing. E. Dorsal head. F. Anterior head. G. Lateral habitus.
Fig. 41 in Systematic revision of the parasitoid wasp genus Glyptapanteles Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) for Australia results in a ten-fold increase in species
Fig. 41. Glyptapanteles kurandaensis Fagan-Jeffries, Bird & Austin sp. nov., paratypes, ♀. A–B, D–E. (QM T250969). C, F–G. QM T250971. A. Lateral habitus. B. Fore wing. C. Dorsal mesosoma. D. Anterior head. E. Lateral head. F. Dorsal metasoma. G. Lateral metasoma.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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