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2,399 results for “fragmenter”
Data from: Hypothesis-driven and field-validated method to prioritize fragmentation mitigation efforts in road projects
The active field of connectivity conservation has provided numerous methods to identify wildlife corridors with the aim of reducing the ecological effect of fragmentation. Nevertheless, these methods often rely on untested hypotheses of animal movements, usually fail to generate fine-scale predictions of road crossing sites, and do not allow managers to prioritize crossing sites for implementing road fragmentation mitigation measures. We propose a new method that addresses these limitations. We illustrate this method with data from southwestern Gabon (central Africa). We used stratified random transect surveys conducted in two seasons to model the distribution of African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis), forest buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus), and sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii) in a mosaic landscape along a 38.5 km unpaved road scheduled for paving. Using a validation data set of recorded crossing locations, we evaluated the performance of three types of models (local suitability, local least-cost movement, and regional least-cost movement) in predicting actual road crossings for each species, and developed a unique and flexible scoring method for prioritizing road sections for the implementation of road fragmentation mitigation measures. With a data set collected in <10 weeks of fieldwork, the method was able to identify seasonal changes in animal movements for buffalo and sitatunga that shift from a local exploitation of the site in the wet season to movements through the study site in the dry season, whereas elephants use the entire study area in both seasons. These three species highlighted the need to use species- and season-specific modeling of movement. From these movement models, the method ranked road sections for their suitability for implementing fragmentation mitigation efforts, allowing managers to adjust priority thresholds based on budgets and management goals. The method relies on data that can be obtained in a period compatible with environmental impact assessment constraints, and is flexible enough to incorporate other potential movement models and scoring criteria. This approach improves upon available methods and can help inform prioritization of road and other linear infrastructure segments that require impact mitigation methods to ensure long-term landscape connectivity.
Data from: Diversification in continental island archipelagos: new evidence on the roles of fragmentation, colonization and gene flow on the genetic divergence of Aegean Nigella (Ranunculaceae)
Background and Aims: Disentangling the relative roles of past fragmentation (vicariance), colonization (dispersal) and post-divergence gene flow in the genetic divergence of continental island organisms remains a formidable challenge. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to (1) gain further insights into the biogeographical processes underlying the Pleistocene diversification of the Aegean Nigella arvensis complex; (2) evaluate the role of potential key factors driving patterns of population genetic variability (mating system, geographical isolation and historical contingencies); and (3) test the robustness of conclusions previously drawn from chloroplast (cp) DNA. Methods: Genetic diversity was analysed for 235 AFLP markers from 48 populations (497 individuals) representing 11 taxa of the complex using population genetic methods and Bayesian assignment tests. Key Results: Most designated taxa are identifiable as genetically distinct units. Both fragmentation and dispersal-driven diversification processes occurred at different geological time scales, from Early to Late Pleistocene, specifically (1) sea barrier-induced vicariant speciation in the Cyclades, the Western Cretan Strait and Ikaria; and (2) bi-regional colonizations of the 'Southern Aegean Island Arc' from the Western vs. Eastern Aegean mainland, followed by allopatric divergences in Crete vs. Rhodos and Karpathos/Kasos. Outcrossing island taxa experienced drift-related demographic processes that are magnified in the two insular selfing species. Population genetic differentiation on the mainland seems largely driven by dispersal limitation, while in the Central Aegean it may still be influenced by historical events (island fragmentation and sporadic long-distance colonization). Conclusions: The biogeographical history of Aegean Nigella is more complex than expected for a strictly allopatric vicariant model of divergence. Nonetheless, the major phylogeographical boundaries of this radiation are largely congruent with the geography and history of islands, with little evidence for ongoing gene exchange between divergent taxa. The present results emphasize the need to investigate further biological and landscape features and contemporary vs. historical processes in driving population divergence and taxon diversification in Aegean plant radiations.
Data from: Conservation of old individual trees and small populations is integral to maintain species' genetic diversity of a historically fragmented woody perennial
Historically fragmented and specialised habitats such as granite outcrops are understudied globally unique hotspots of plant evolution. In contrast to predictions based on mainstream population genetics theory, some granite outcrop plants appear to have persisted as very small populations despite prolonged geographic and genetic isolation. Eucalyptus caesia Benth. is a long-lived lignotuberous tree endemic with a naturally fragmented distribution on granite outcrops in south-western Australia. To quantify population to landscape level genetic structure we employed microsatellite genotyping at 14 loci of all plants in 18 stands of E. caesia. Sampled stands were characterised by low levels of genetic diversity, small absolute population sizes, localised clonality and strong fine-scale genetic sub-division. There was no significant relationship between population size and levels of heterozygosity. At the landscape scale, high levels of population genetic differentiation were most pronounced among representatives of the two subspecies in E. caesia as originally circumscribed. Past genetic interconnection was evident between some geographical neighbours separated by up to 20 kilometres. Paradoxically, other pairs of neighbouring stands as little as 7 kilometres apart were genetically distinct. There was no consistent pattern of isolation by distance across the 280 km range of E. caesia. Low levels of gene flow, together with strong drift within stands, provides some explanation of the patterns of genetic differentiation we observed. Individual genet longevity via the ability to repeatedly re-sprout and expand from a lignotuber may enhance the persistence of some woody perennial endemic plants despite small population size, minimal genetic interconnection and low heterozygosity.
Data from: Human-caused habitat fragmentation can drive rapid divergence of male genitalia
The aim of this study rests on three premises: 1) humans are altering ecosystems worldwide, 2) environmental variation often influences the strength and nature of sexual selection, and 3) sexual selection is largely responsible for rapid and divergent evolution of male genitalia. While each of these assertions has strong empirical support, no study has yet investigated their logical conclusion that human impacts on the environment might commonly drive rapid diversification of male genital morphology. We tested whether anthropogenic habitat fragmentation has resulted in rapid changes in the size, allometry, shape, and meristics of male genitalia in three native species of livebearing fishes (genus: Gambusia) inhabiting tidal creeks across six Bahamian islands. We found that genital shape and allometry consistently and repeatedly diverged in fragmented systems across all species and islands. Using a model selection framework, we identified three ecological consequences of fragmentation that apparently underlie observed morphological patterns: decreased predatory fish density, increased conspecific density, and reduced salinity. Our results demonstrate that human modifications to the environment can drive rapid and predictable divergence in male genitalia. Given the ubiquity of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, future research should evaluate the generality of our findings and potential consequences for reproductive isolation.
Fragment of a vase - PG.2000.1521.017
Fragment of a vase. Argaric culture. Early-Middle Bronze Age (2300-1600 BC). Inventory number: PG.2000.1521.017 Find this object in the museum's online catalog [Carmentis](https://www.carmentis.be:443/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=198581&viewType=detailView) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Biface Fragment XCB-003-234
Biface Fragment XCB-003-234 XCB-003, or IZM-003, is a site tested by A.P. McCartney in 1971. It is the type-site for the Izembek Phase. A small village with a unique whalebone house and many artifacts similar to those in the Bristol Bay region. It dates approximately 1200-1350 CE. The Alaska Peninsula artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 9630072, NSF 9814086, NSF 9996372, NSF 9996415, NSF 1139266, NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. These artifacts were scanned with either a Faro Edge Arm or a Minolta Vivid 9i. Processed in Geomagic or Polyworks. 2-8 photos were used for texture in Geomagic Wrap. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing and publication completed at Global Digital Heritage. McCartney, A.P. 1974 Prehistoric Cultural Integration along the Alaska Peninsula. APUA 16(1):59-84. 2. Maschner: doi: 10.1353/arc.2011.0007 Arctic Anthro. January 1, 2004 vol. 41 no. 2 98-111. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fragment of a vase - PG.2000.1522
Fragment of a vase. Argaric culture. Early-Middle Bronze Age (2300-1600 BC). Inventory number: PG.2000.1522 Find this object in the museum's online catalog [Carmentis](https://www.carmentis.be:443/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=198584&viewType=detailView) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fragments of lunette arch, Bobovce, Bosnia
Fragments of the lunette from the medieval town of Bobovce. The lunette shows the coat of arms of the Bosnian Kotromanić dynasty. The coat of arms contains a crown, a helmet, a veil that falls over the helmet and a shield with the insignia of the ruler. Data were collected as part of a joint research project between GDH and the Association for the Digitization and Informatisation of Cultural Heritage (DIGI.BA) in Sarajevo, in full collaboration with The Sarajevo Museum. Scanned artifacts were on display. Model was created from 350 images from a Canon 5D mk IV. All data were processed in Reality Capture. Project ID StoneWeight1 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fragment of a vase - PG.2000.1521.002
Fragment of a vase. Argaric culture. Early-Middle Bronze Age (2300-1600 BC). Inventory number: PG.2000.1521.002 Find this object in the museum's online catalog [Carmentis](https://www.carmentis.be:443/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=198566&viewType=detailView) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
La Quina 5 maxilla fragment
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Vaughn Home Excavations, small plate fragment
Locus 212, Artifact 15 Model by Javier Mundul Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fragment Sarcophage
Front part of a sarcophagus, Severe period (ca. 200), Rome (?), Marble. Musée d'Art et d'Histoire (Musée du Cinquantenaire, Brussels, Belgium). Made of 500 pictures with Zephyr3D Lite from 3DFlow. The legend of Pelops and OEnomaüs was appropriate for the decoration of the tomb of two spouses. In this case, the sculptor has retained no less than five successive scenes from this mythical tale, from left to right: the arrival of Pelops, the chariot race, the return of Pelops, the return of Pelops to the palace and, finally, the departure of Pelops and his lover Hippodamia. For more updates, please consider to follow me on Twitter at @GeoffreyMarchal. (https://twitter.com/GeoffreyMarchal) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Homo habilis (2501.1rp48-2) – cranial fragment
***Homo habilis *** Location: Koobi Fora, East Turkana, Kenya. Age: 1.8 million years ago. Material: epoxy resin cast. Dimensions: length, 147 mm; width, 47 mm; height, 108 mm. Notes: RLA catalog no. 2501.1rp48-1 (cast). Left half of the cranium designated KNM-ER 1470. Discovered in 1972 by B. Ngeneo under team led by Richard Leakey and also classified as *Homo rudolfensis*. Cast manufacturer not known. From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Model by Aidan Paul. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fragment of Attic stele
Fragment of Attic stele, 1st century, Greece, marble. Musée d'Art et d'Histoire (Cinquantenaire, Brussels, Belgium). Made with CapturingReality. High resolution model available on demand for free. Two Corinthian columns support an architrave crowned with a cornice garnished with antefixes. The inscription of the architrave identifies the deceased, a young man dressed in a gown, like Caius Julius Leo. It is therefore about a character who had obtained the right of city of one of the members of the people lulii, perhaps of Julius Caesar. For more updates, please consider to follow me on Twitter at @GeoffreyMarchal. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Punctated and Incised Pottery Fragment
PS_01 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Architectural Fragment, Bibi-Khanym Mosque
Architectural Fragment, Bibi-Khanym Mosque Bibi-Khanym Mosque, Samarkand, Uzbekistan one of the most important monuments of Samarkand, Uzbekistan. In the 15th century, it was one of the largest and most magnificent mosques in the Islamic world. It is considered a masterpiece of the Timurid Renaissance. Samarqand, is a city in southeastern Uzbekistan and among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia. There is evidence of human activity in the area of the city from the late Paleolithic Era, but the city itself was fully established by the 8 cnetury BCE. Prospering from its location on the Silk Road between China and Europe, at times Samarkand was one of the largest cities of Central Asia. The city was conquered by Alexander the Great in 329 BCE, when it was known as Markanda 3D model made in Reality Capture using 201 images. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Biface Fragment. XCB-105-1915
Biface Fragment. XCB-105-1915. 400 BCE-100 CE XCB-105 Adamagan (Aleut for place of walrus hunters) is at the head of Morzhovoi Bay, western Alaska Peninsula. It is a massive village with multiple occupations. When it was occupied 400 BCE-100 CE, it was the largest village in the Arctic with an estimated 1000 people. It also has limited occupations dated 2200-1700 BCE, 1000-600 BCE, and 900-1100 CE. The Western Alaska Peninsula artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 9630072, NSF 9814086, NSF 9996372, NSF 9996415, NSF 1139266, NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. These artifacts were scanned with either a Faro Edge Arm or a Minolta Vivid 9i. Processed in Geomagic or Polyworks. 2-8 photos were used for texture in Geomagic Wrap. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing and publication completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Biface Fragment, XFP-119, Sanak Island, Alaska
Biface Fragment, XFP-119, Sanak Island, Alaska. XFP-119-26. Likely 400-100 BCE, collected from erosian bank. XFP-119 is a group of house and other depressions along the beach within the area of the Historic town of Sanak. There are at least three components dating approximately 400 BCE, 100BCE, and 1250-1410 CE. These artifacts were scanned with either a Faro Edge Arm or a Minolta Vivid 9i. Processed in Geomagic or Polyworks. 4-8 photos were used for texture in Geomagic Wrap. The Sanak Island artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0326584, NSF 0508101, NSF 1139266, NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Fieldwork and analysis done with the permission and collaboration of the Pauloff Harbor Tribe and the Sanak Corporation. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Edmontosaurus Jaw Fragment
A jaw fragment with dental battery of an Edmontosaurus. <b>Location:</b> Hell Creek Formation, SD, USA <b>Age: </b> Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous <b>Length: </b> 5.2 cm Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Wall fragment of a decorated vase - PG.2803.1433
Wall fragment of a decorated vase. Argaric culture. Early-Middle Bronze Age (2300-1600 BC). Inventory number: PG.2803.1433 Find this object in the museum's online catalog [Carmentis](https://www.carmentis.be:443/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=198515&viewType=detailView) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.