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FIGURE 2 in Morphology and taxonomy of the orb-weaving spider genus Mecynogea, and a peculiar species of Argiope (Araneae, Araneidae)

FIGURE 2. Mecynogea infelix (Soares & Camargo, 1948), from Santana do Riacho, Minas Gerais, Brazil (UFMG 19893): A–C, Scanning electron micrographs of male palp, A, mesal view; B, ventral view; C, apex of proximal branch of terminal apophysis. Abbreviations: C, conductor; DB, distal branch of the terminal apophysis; E, embolus; PB, proximal branch of the terminal apophysis; R, radix; TK, tegular keel. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B, 200 µm; C, 50 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Morphology and taxonomy of the orb-weaving spider genus Mecynogea, and a peculiar species of Argiope (Araneae, Araneidae)

FIGURE 1. Mecynogea infelix (Soares & Camargo, 1948), from Santana do Riacho, Minas Gerais, Brazil (UFMG 1739): A, female habitus, dorsal view; B, male habitus, dorsal view; C–D, male palp, C, mesal view; D, ventral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; DB, distal branch of terminal apophysis; E, embolus; PB, proximal branch of the terminal apophysis; R, radix; TAb, terminal apophysis base. Scale bars: A, B, 2.5 mm; C, D, 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Morphology and taxonomy of the orb-weaving spider genus Mecynogea, and a peculiar species of Argiope (Araneae, Araneidae)

FIGURE 3. Mecynogea infelix (Soares & Camargo, 1948), from Santana do Riacho, Minas Gerais, Brazil (UFMG 19890): A–B, scanning electron micrographs of expanded male palp, with distal branch of terminal apophysis removed. Arrows indicate the channel of the proximal branch of the terminal apophysis. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; IB, Internal branch of the terminal apophysis; P, paracymbium; PB, proximal branch of the terminal apophysis; TK, tegular keel. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B, 100 µm.

FIGURE 4 in Morphology and taxonomy of the orb-weaving spider genus Mecynogea, and a peculiar species of Argiope (Araneae, Araneidae)

FIGURE 4. Mecynogea infelix (Soares & Camargo, 1948), from Santana do Riacho, Minas Gerais, Brazil (UFMG 19643): A–E Female epigynum, A, ventral view; B, lateral view; C, antero-ventral view; D, posterior view; E, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; EA, epigynum apex; FD, fertilization duct; FL, fracture line; IF, Inner fold; PM, posterior margin; S, spermathecae. Scale bars: A, B, D, E, 0.1 mm; C, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 21 in Morphology and taxonomy of the orb-weaving spider genus Mecynogea, and a peculiar species of Argiope (Araneae, Araneidae)

FIGURE 21. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil. (MNRJ 1538): A–F, female epigynum, A, ventral view; B, posterior view; C, lateral view, left side; D, lateral view, right side; E, ventro-lateral view, left side; F, ventro-lateral view, right side. Arrows indicate broken male embolus attached to the copulatory opening. Abbreviations: AB, anterior bulge; CO, copulatory openings; F, flange; LM, lateral margin; Rm, rim; MS, median septum; SL, septal lip. Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.1 mm; D, 0.1 mm; E, 0.1 mm; F, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 4 in New insights on the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Neotropical genus Phoebis (Pieridae: Coliadinae) revealed by molecular and morphological data

FIGURE 4. Representatives of Phoebis, Aphrissa and Rhabdodryas (Males). Left side dorsal view, right side ventral view. A. Phoebis agarithe; B. Phoebis argante; C. Phoebis neocypris; D. Phoebis philea; E. Phoebis sennae; F. Aphrissa statira; G. Rhabdodryas trite; H. Phoebis avellaneda.

FIGURE 1 in New insights on the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Neotropical genus Phoebis (Pieridae: Coliadinae) revealed by molecular and morphological data

FIGURE 1. Some morphological characters used to analyse the phylogenetic relationships of Phoebis. Numbers show character and state. More information is showed in table 1 and 2.

FIGURE 2 in New insights on the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Neotropical genus Phoebis (Pieridae: Coliadinae) revealed by molecular and morphological data

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree obtained in Bayesian inference analysis for genus Phoebis, based on the combined data set of 20 morphological characters, one mitochondrial and tree nuclear markers. Values below the branches are posterior probabilities (BI analysis) those above the branches are bootstraps values (ML analysis).

FIGURE 3 in New insights on the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the Neotropical genus Phoebis (Pieridae: Coliadinae) revealed by molecular and morphological data

FIGURE 3. Likelihood ancestral states reconstruction of some characters used for classifications of Phoebis and related genera. Character used in this analysis included dorsal spine of harpe, signum shape and line crossing wings.

FIGURE 92 in The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution

FIGURE 92. Map showing the geographic distribution of Scyliorhinus torrei based on the material examined in this study. Black star indicates the type locality.

FIGURE 81 in The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution

FIGURE 81. Dermal denticles of Scyliorhinus torazame. A–C, USNM 161525, female, 423 mm TL (Hakodate, Japan); D–F, NSMT 50632, male, 427.9 mm TL (Chiba, Japan, 35°10'N, 139°48'E). A, D, region above pectoral fin base; B, E, region below first dorsal fin origin; C, F, region below second dorsal fin insertion. Scale bar = 250 µm.

FIGURE 89 in The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution

FIGURE 89. Teeth of Scyliorhinus torrei; labial view, USNM 157852, male, 285 mm TL (Cuba, 22°55'N, 79°27'W). a, anterior tooth; c, commissural; l, lateral; ps, parassymphysial. Scale bar = 100 µm.

FIGURE 75 in The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution

FIGURE 75. Clasper of Scyliorhinus stellaris; dorsal view, NHMUK 1976.7.30.10, 476 mm TL (Banyuls, Pyrenees, France). A, external morphology; B, skeleton. crh, cover rhipidion; end, endstyle; erh, exorhipidion; hp, hipopyle; rd, dorsal marginal cartilage; rh, rhipidion; rv, ventral marginal cartilage; td, dorsal terminal cartilage; td2, dorsal terminal 2 cartilage; tdc, terminal dermal cover; tv, ventral terminal cartilage; tv2, ventral terminal 2 cartilage. Scale bar = 20 mm.

FIGURE 71 in The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution

FIGURE 71. Scyliorhinus stellaris; lateral view. A, NHMUK 1976.7.30.10–12, male, 448.9 mm TL (Banyuls, Pyrenees, France); B, ZMB 4429, male, 388.9 mm CT (Mediterranean Sea); C, ZMB 19943, female, 315.7 mm TL (Rovinj, Croatia); D, ZMH 100686, male, 305.1 mm TL (English Channel, 49°53'N, 0°27'E). Scale bar = 20 mm.

FIGURE 78. Scyliorhinus torazame. A, NSMT 65831 in The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution

FIGURE 78. Scyliorhinus torazame. A, NSMT 65831, female, 411.2 mm TL (Kamaya, Japan); B–F, NSMT 50632, male, 427.9 mm TL (Chiba, Japan, 35°10'N, 139°48'E); A–B, ventral view of head; C, detail of pectoral fins; D, lateral view of head; E, dorsal view of head; F, detail of pelvic fins and claspers. Scale bar = 20 mm.

FIGURE 69 in The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution

FIGURE 69. Map showing the geographic distribution of Scyliorhinus retifer based on material examined in this study. Black star indicates the type locality.

FIGURE 85 in The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution

FIGURE 85. Graphics on morphometric differences of the color patterns observed in Scyliorhinus torazame (measurements expressed in %TL). White triangles = pattern with light spots; black circles = pattern with no spots. CLE, clasper outer length; CLI, clasper inner length; TL, total length; IND, interdorsal distance; MOW, mouth width.

FIGURE 77 in The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution

FIGURE 77. Scyliorhinus torazame; dorsal view. A, USNM 161525, female, 413 mm TL (Hakodate, Japan); B, CAS 53386, female, 345 mm TL (Chosi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan); C, NSMT 24976, female, 395 mm TL (Shizuoka, Japan, 34°43'N, 139°E). Scale bar = 20 mm.

FIGURE 62 in The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution

FIGURE 62. Map showing the geographic distribution of Scyliorhinus meadi based on material examined in this study. Black star indicates the type locality.

FIGURE 59 in The catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae): taxonomy, morphology and distribution

FIGURE 59. Teeth of Scyliorhinus meadi; labial view, USNM 221594, male, 271 mm TL (Bahamas, 24°48'N, 79°17'W). a, anterior tooth; c, commissural; l, lateral. Scale bar = 100 µm.