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FIGURE 10. Brachypeplus dorsalis, orig. A–C, E, G in Monograph on the Cillaeinae (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from the Australian Region with comments on the taxonomy of the subfamily

FIGURE 10. Brachypeplus dorsalis, orig. A–C, E, G: paralectotype, male from Sumatra ("… Siboga …" = Subolga); A: body, dorsal; B: male anal sclerite and spiculum gastrale, ventral; C: tegmen, ventral; E: penis trunk, dorsal; G: proximal part of inner sac with armature; D, F, H, J: specimens from Taiwan ("Lanyu Island, Taitung County, Yung Hsin Farm…"): D: tegmen, ventral; F: penis, dorsal; H: proximal part of inner sac with armature; I: ovipositor, ventral. Scale bars: a = 1.0 mm to Figs A; b = 0.25 mm to Figs B–I.

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FIGURE. Coprolites preserved in an early Permian fern mesophyll. A, Gross morphology of a fragmentary fern frond, specimen PB23532. B, Basal part of a penultimate pinna showing sphenopteroid vegetative pinnules. C, Polished surface showing two sporangia with typical annulus structures (white arrowheads). D, SEM image showing an in situ trilete spore. E, The fertile pinnule which contains numerous coprolites along a transverse wound area. F, Enlargement showing coprolites filled with brown to black contents. G, SEM image of the same part in E. H, SEM image showing locally preserved epidermal cells and nearby coprolites. in Discovery of coprolites in an Early Permian fern mesophyll

FIGURE. Coprolites preserved in an early Permian fern mesophyll. A, Gross morphology of a fragmentary fern frond, specimen PB23532. B, Basal part of a penultimate pinna showing sphenopteroid vegetative pinnules. C, Polished surface showing two sporangia with typical annulus structures (white arrowheads). D, SEM image showing an in situ trilete spore. E, The fertile pinnule which contains numerous coprolites along a transverse wound area. F, Enlargement showing coprolites filled with brown to black contents. G, SEM image of the same part in E. H, SEM image showing locally preserved epidermal cells and nearby coprolites.

Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V. v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak. V.v. regalis Merriam, 1900 — N Great Plains of Canada and USA. V. v. rubricosa Bangs, 1898 — E Canada. V.v. schrencki Kishida, 1924 — N Japan (Hokkaido) and NE Russia (Sakhalin). V. v. silacea G. S. Miller, 1907 — Iberian Peninsula. V.v. splendidissima Kishida, 1924 — E Russia (N & C Kurile Is). V. v. stepensis Brauner, 1914 — steppes of S Russia. V. v. tobolica Ognev, 1926 — Russia (lower basin of Ob River) V. v. tschiliensis Matschie, 1907 — NE China. Foxes of European origin were introduced into E USA and Canada in the 17" century, subsequently mixed with local subspecies. Also introduced to Australia in 1800s, and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). in Canidae

Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V. v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak. V.v. regalis Merriam, 1900 — N Great Plains of Canada and USA. V. v. rubricosa Bangs, 1898 — E Canada. V.v. schrencki Kishida, 1924 — N Japan (Hokkaido) and NE Russia (Sakhalin). V. v. silacea G. S. Miller, 1907 — Iberian Peninsula. V.v. splendidissima Kishida, 1924 — E Russia (N & C Kurile Is). V. v. stepensis Brauner, 1914 — steppes of S Russia. V. v. tobolica Ognev, 1926 — Russia (lower basin of Ob River) V. v. tschiliensis Matschie, 1907 — NE China. Foxes of European origin were introduced into E USA and Canada in the 17" century, subsequently mixed with local subspecies. Also introduced to Australia in 1800s, and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

Subspecies and Distribution. O. m. megalotis Desmarest, 1822 — S Africa. O. m. virgatus G. S. Miller, 1909 — E Africa. in Canidae

Subspecies and Distribution. O. m. megalotis Desmarest, 1822 — S Africa. O. m. virgatus G. S. Miller, 1909 — E Africa.

Subspecies and Distribution. U. c. cinereoargenteus Schreber, 1775 — E USA. U. c. borealis Merriam, 1903 — SE Canada and USA (New England). U. c. californicus Mearns, 1897 — SW USA (S California). U. c. costaricensis Goodwin, 1938 — Costa Rica. U. c. flornidanus Rhoads, 1895 — Gulf of Mexico. U. c. fraterculus Elliot, 1896 — Mexico (Yucatan). U. c. furvus G. M. Allen & Barbour, 1923 — Panama. U. c. guatemalae G. S. Miller, 1899 — S Mexico S to Nicaragua. U. c. madrensis Burt & Hooper, 1941 — Mexico (S Sonora, SW Chihuahua & NW Durango). U. c. nigrirostris Lichtenstein, 1830 — SW Mexico. U. c. ocythous Bangs, 1899 — USA (Central Plains) and adjoining S Canada. U. c. orinomus Goldman, 1938 — S Mexico (Isthmus of Tehuantepec). U. c. perunsularis Huey, 1928 — NW Mexico (Baja California). U. c. scottit Mearns, 1891 — N Mexico and SW USA. U. c. townsend: Merriam, 1899 — W USA (California & Oregon). U. c. venezuelae]. A. Allen, 1911 — Colombia, Venezuela. in Canidae

Subspecies and Distribution. U. c. cinereoargenteus Schreber, 1775 — E USA. U. c. borealis Merriam, 1903 — SE Canada and USA (New England). U. c. californicus Mearns, 1897 — SW USA (S California). U. c. costaricensis Goodwin, 1938 — Costa Rica. U. c. flornidanus Rhoads, 1895 — Gulf of Mexico. U. c. fraterculus Elliot, 1896 — Mexico (Yucatan). U. c. furvus G. M. Allen & Barbour, 1923 — Panama. U. c. guatemalae G. S. Miller, 1899 — S Mexico S to Nicaragua. U. c. madrensis Burt & Hooper, 1941 — Mexico (S Sonora, SW Chihuahua & NW Durango). U. c. nigrirostris Lichtenstein, 1830 — SW Mexico. U. c. ocythous Bangs, 1899 — USA (Central Plains) and adjoining S Canada. U. c. orinomus Goldman, 1938 — S Mexico (Isthmus of Tehuantepec). U. c. perunsularis Huey, 1928 — NW Mexico (Baja California). U. c. scottit Mearns, 1891 — N Mexico and SW USA. U. c. townsend: Merriam, 1899 — W USA (California & Oregon). U. c. venezuelae]. A. Allen, 1911 — Colombia, Venezuela.

FIGURE 3. Vaccinium glaucorubrum. A. Branch with fruiting inflorescences. B. Leaf, abaxial surface. C. Raceme with flower buds. D. Flower, apical view. E. Fruit, apical view. F. Preanthetic stamen, dorsal view. G. Anthetic stamen, lateral view. H. Flower, lateral view. I. Flower, longitudinal section. J in Novelties in Vietnamese Craibiodendron, Lyonia and Vaccinium (Ericaceae)

FIGURE 3. Vaccinium glaucorubrum. A. Branch with fruiting inflorescences. B. Leaf, abaxial surface. C. Raceme with flower buds. D. Flower, apical view. E. Fruit, apical view. F. Preanthetic stamen, dorsal view. G. Anthetic stamen, lateral view. H. Flower, lateral view. I. Flower, longitudinal section. J. Flower with perianth removed, lateral view. Photos by M. Nuraliev from Nuraliev 2243.

FIGURE. Thalictrum uncatum in the wild (Shangri-la in northwestern Yunnan, China). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). D. Leaflet (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). E. Flower. F. Sepals. G. Stamens. H. Carpels. I. Aggregate fruit (immature). J. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng. in Thalictrum spiristylum (Ranunculaceae), described from northwestern Yunnan, China, is merged with T. atriplex

FIGURE. Thalictrum uncatum in the wild (Shangri-la in northwestern Yunnan, China). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). D. Leaflet (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). E. Flower. F. Sepals. G. Stamens. H. Carpels. I. Aggregate fruit (immature). J. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng.

FIGURE. Thalictrum uncatum in the wild (Xiaojin county in western Sichuan, China). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). D. Leaflet (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). E. Portion of inflorescence. F. Flower. G. Sepals. H. Stamens. I. Carpels. J. Aggregate fruit (immature). K. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng. in Thalictrum spiristylum (Ranunculaceae), described from northwestern Yunnan, China, is merged with T. atriplex

FIGURE. Thalictrum uncatum in the wild (Xiaojin county in western Sichuan, China). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). D. Leaflet (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). E. Portion of inflorescence. F. Flower. G. Sepals. H. Stamens. I. Carpels. J. Aggregate fruit (immature). K. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng.

FIGURE. Thalictrum atriplex in the wild (Shangri-la county in northwestern Yunnan, China). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Roots. D. Portion of stem. E. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). F. Leaflet (adaxial side). G. Portion of inflorescence. H. Flower. I. Sepal (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). J. Stamens. K. Carpels. L. Portion of infructescence. M. Aggregate fruits (immature). N. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng. in Thalictrum spiristylum (Ranunculaceae), described from northwestern Yunnan, China, is merged with T. atriplex

FIGURE. Thalictrum atriplex in the wild (Shangri-la county in northwestern Yunnan, China). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Roots. D. Portion of stem. E. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). F. Leaflet (adaxial side). G. Portion of inflorescence. H. Flower. I. Sepal (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). J. Stamens. K. Carpels. L. Portion of infructescence. M. Aggregate fruits (immature). N. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng.

FIGURE. Thalictrum atriplex in the wild (Kangding county in western Sichuan, China, the type locality). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Roots. D. Portion of stem. E. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). F. Leaflet (adaxial side). G. Portion of inflorescence. H. Flower. I. Sepal (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). J. Stamens. K. Carpels. L. Aggregate fruits (immature). M. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng. in Thalictrum spiristylum (Ranunculaceae), described from northwestern Yunnan, China, is merged with T. atriplex

FIGURE. Thalictrum atriplex in the wild (Kangding county in western Sichuan, China, the type locality). A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Roots. D. Portion of stem. E. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). F. Leaflet (adaxial side). G. Portion of inflorescence. H. Flower. I. Sepal (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). J. Stamens. K. Carpels. L. Aggregate fruits (immature). M. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng.

FIGURE. Thalictrum spiristylum (= T. atriplex) in the wild (Ninglang county in northwestern Yunnan, China). A. Habitat. B. Habit (flowering plant). C. Habit (fruiting plant). D. Roots. E. Portion of stem. F. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). G. Leaflet (adaxial side). H. Portion of inflorescence. I. Flower. J. Sepals (adaxial side). K. Stamens. L. Carpels. M. Portion of infructescence. N. Aggregate fruits (immature). O. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng. in Thalictrum spiristylum (Ranunculaceae), described from northwestern Yunnan, China, is merged with T. atriplex

FIGURE. Thalictrum spiristylum (= T. atriplex) in the wild (Ninglang county in northwestern Yunnan, China). A. Habitat. B. Habit (flowering plant). C. Habit (fruiting plant). D. Roots. E. Portion of stem. F. Leaf (left: adaxial side; right: abaxial side). G. Leaflet (adaxial side). H. Portion of inflorescence. I. Flower. J. Sepals (adaxial side). K. Stamens. L. Carpels. M. Portion of infructescence. N. Aggregate fruits (immature). O. Achenes (immature). Photographed by Y.P. Zeng.

Subspecies and Distribution. S. g. gracilis Merriam, 1890 — W USA (from E Washington & E Oregon to NE California, and then E to W Montana & E Wyoming to C Colorado, and possibly the Black Hills, South Dakota. Then S to N New Mexico, N Arizona, C Nevada and E & C California). S. g. amphialus Dickey, 1929 — SW USA (occurs only on Santa Rosa I and Santa Cruz I in Santa Barbara County, California). S. g. latifrons Merriam, 1890 — SW Canada (SW British Columbia) S and W to NW USA (Washington and Oregon). The distribution follows the crest of the Cascade Mts. S. g. leucoparia Merriam, 1890 — S USA (found from C Arizona, C New Mexico, and W & C central Texas) S to N Mexico (Coahuila & C Durango). S. g. lucasana Merriam, 1890 — NW Mexico (S Baja California N to Santo Domingo on the W coast and La Paz on the E coast). S. g. martirensis Elliot, 1903 — NW Mexico (N & C Baja California). S. g. phenax Merriam, 1890 — SW USA (From California west to crest of Sierra Nevada). in Mephitidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S. g. gracilis Merriam, 1890 — W USA (from E Washington & E Oregon to NE California, and then E to W Montana & E Wyoming to C Colorado, and possibly the Black Hills, South Dakota. Then S to N New Mexico, N Arizona, C Nevada and E & C California). S. g. amphialus Dickey, 1929 — SW USA (occurs only on Santa Rosa I and Santa Cruz I in Santa Barbara County, California). S. g. latifrons Merriam, 1890 — SW Canada (SW British Columbia) S and W to NW USA (Washington and Oregon). The distribution follows the crest of the Cascade Mts. S. g. leucoparia Merriam, 1890 — S USA (found from C Arizona, C New Mexico, and W & C central Texas) S to N Mexico (Coahuila & C Durango). S. g. lucasana Merriam, 1890 — NW Mexico (S Baja California N to Santo Domingo on the W coast and La Paz on the E coast). S. g. martirensis Elliot, 1903 — NW Mexico (N & C Baja California). S. g. phenax Merriam, 1890 — SW USA (From California west to crest of Sierra Nevada).

FIGURE. Images of representative members of tribe Phyllantheae. (A) Flowers of Nellica maderaspatensis. (B) Pistillate flowers of Cathetus gracilis, note the unique disc covering the ovary. (C) Pistillate and staminate flowers of Cathetus glaucophyllus. (D) Staminate flowers of Nymphanthus glaucescens. (E) Fruits of Kirganelia muelleriana. (F) Fruits of Lysiandra subcrenulata. (G) Phylloclade with flowers of Phyllanthus angustifolius. (H) Flowering branchlet of Phyllanthus incrustatus, note the ornamentation on the axes. (I) Habit of Moeroris tenella. (J) Fruiting branch of Dendrophyllanthus tenuirhachis. (K) Fruits of Cicca profusa. (L) Fruiting branch of Emblica officinalis. (M) Flowering plant of Emblica urinaria. (N) Pistillate flower of Breynia disticha. (O) Staminate flower of Breynia disticha. (P) flower of Glochidion dunnianum. (Q) Staminate of Glochidion lanceolarium. (R) Dehisced capsule of Glochidion sp. showing seeds covered with a red sarcotesta. Photos: A & F by J.J. Bruhl; B & P by M.S. Nuraliev; C by T. Williams; E & K by C. Jongkind; H by B. Falcón; J by R.-Y. Yu; D, G, I, L, M, N, O, Q & R by R.W.Bouman. in A revised phylogenetic classification of tribe Phyllantheae (Phyllanthaceae)

FIGURE. Images of representative members of tribe Phyllantheae. (A) Flowers of Nellica maderaspatensis. (B) Pistillate flowers of Cathetus gracilis, note the unique disc covering the ovary. (C) Pistillate and staminate flowers of Cathetus glaucophyllus. (D) Staminate flowers of Nymphanthus glaucescens. (E) Fruits of Kirganelia muelleriana. (F) Fruits of Lysiandra subcrenulata. (G) Phylloclade with flowers of Phyllanthus angustifolius. (H) Flowering branchlet of Phyllanthus incrustatus, note the ornamentation on the axes. (I) Habit of Moeroris tenella. (J) Fruiting branch of Dendrophyllanthus tenuirhachis. (K) Fruits of Cicca profusa. (L) Fruiting branch of Emblica officinalis. (M) Flowering plant of Emblica urinaria. (N) Pistillate flower of Breynia disticha. (O) Staminate flower of Breynia disticha. (P) flower of Glochidion dunnianum. (Q) Staminate of Glochidion lanceolarium. (R) Dehisced capsule of Glochidion sp. showing seeds covered with a red sarcotesta. Photos: A & F by J.J. Bruhl; B & P by M.S. Nuraliev; C by T. Williams; E & K by C. Jongkind; H by B. Falcón; J by R.-Y. Yu; D, G, I, L, M, N, O, Q & R by R.W.Bouman.

Subspecies and Distribution. F. s. silvestris Schreber, 1777 — Europe E to the Carpathian Mts and the River Dnieper N of the Black Sea. F.s. brockmani Pocock, 1944 — Somalia. F. s. cafra Desmarest, 1822 — Zimbabwe, S Mozambique and South Africa. F. s. caucasica Satunin, 1905 — Caucasus Mts and Turkey. F.s. caudata Gray, 1874 — deserts E Caspian Sea to NW China (Xinjiang) and Mongolia. F. s. foxi Pocock, 1944 — Senegal to Lake Chad. F.s. gordoni Harrison, 1968 — Batinah coast of Oman. F.s. grampia G. S. Miller, 1907 — N Scotland. F. s. griselda Thomas, 1926 — Kalahari region to S Angola. F. s. iraki Cheesman, 1920 — Arabian Desert regions. F. s. lybica Forster, 1780 — desert regions of N Africa to Sudan and N Niger. F.s. melland: Schwann, 1904 — SC Africa. F.s. nesterovi Biurla, 1916 — Mesopotamian region to SW Iran. F. s. ocreata Gmelin, 1791 — Ethiopian highlands. F. s. ornata Gray, 1830 — India. Probably W through Iran. F.s. pyrrhus Pocock, 1944 — N Angola and SW Zaire. F. s. sarda Lataste, 1885 — coastal Maghreb region of Morocco and Algeria. F.s. tristrami Pocock, 1944 — Palestine and Red Sea coast of Arabia. F.s. ugandae Schwann, 1904 — E Africa. in Felidae

Subspecies and Distribution. F. s. silvestris Schreber, 1777 — Europe E to the Carpathian Mts and the River Dnieper N of the Black Sea. F.s. brockmani Pocock, 1944 — Somalia. F. s. cafra Desmarest, 1822 — Zimbabwe, S Mozambique and South Africa. F. s. caucasica Satunin, 1905 — Caucasus Mts and Turkey. F.s. caudata Gray, 1874 — deserts E Caspian Sea to NW China (Xinjiang) and Mongolia. F. s. foxi Pocock, 1944 — Senegal to Lake Chad. F.s. gordoni Harrison, 1968 — Batinah coast of Oman. F.s. grampia G. S. Miller, 1907 — N Scotland. F. s. griselda Thomas, 1926 — Kalahari region to S Angola. F. s. iraki Cheesman, 1920 — Arabian Desert regions. F. s. lybica Forster, 1780 — desert regions of N Africa to Sudan and N Niger. F.s. melland: Schwann, 1904 — SC Africa. F.s. nesterovi Biurla, 1916 — Mesopotamian region to SW Iran. F. s. ocreata Gmelin, 1791 — Ethiopian highlands. F. s. ornata Gray, 1830 — India. Probably W through Iran. F.s. pyrrhus Pocock, 1944 — N Angola and SW Zaire. F. s. sarda Lataste, 1885 — coastal Maghreb region of Morocco and Algeria. F.s. tristrami Pocock, 1944 — Palestine and Red Sea coast of Arabia. F.s. ugandae Schwann, 1904 — E Africa.

Subspecies and Distribution. L. s. serval Schreber, 1776 — S Zaire and Tanzania, S to Eastern Cape, South Africa. L. s. brachyurus Wagner, 1841 — Sierra Leone. L. s. constantinus Forster, 1780 — N Morocco and Algeria. L. s. hindet Wroughton, 1910 — Kenya E ofthe Rift Valley. L. s. liptostictus Pocock, 1907 — Uganda, Zaire, and N Angola. L. s. phillipsi G. M. Allen, 1914 — Lake Chad E to Ethiopian highlands. L. s. tanae Pocock, 1944 — dry zone of Ethiopia, Eritrea, and N Somalia. in Felidae

Subspecies and Distribution. L. s. serval Schreber, 1776 — S Zaire and Tanzania, S to Eastern Cape, South Africa. L. s. brachyurus Wagner, 1841 — Sierra Leone. L. s. constantinus Forster, 1780 — N Morocco and Algeria. L. s. hindet Wroughton, 1910 — Kenya E ofthe Rift Valley. L. s. liptostictus Pocock, 1907 — Uganda, Zaire, and N Angola. L. s. phillipsi G. M. Allen, 1914 — Lake Chad E to Ethiopian highlands. L. s. tanae Pocock, 1944 — dry zone of Ethiopia, Eritrea, and N Somalia.

PLATE XXIII. Usia incognita Paramonov, 1950; a epiphallic complex ventral, b epiphallic complex lateral, c gonocoxite & gonostyli ventral, d gonocoxite & gonostyli lateral, e epandrium dorsal, [f female genitalia ventral, g female sternite 8 ventral (possibly this species)]. in A world revision of the bee fly tribe Usiini (Diptera, Bombyliidae) Part 2: Usia sensu stricto

PLATE XXIII. Usia incognita Paramonov, 1950; a epiphallic complex ventral, b epiphallic complex lateral, c gonocoxite & gonostyli ventral, d gonocoxite & gonostyli lateral, e epandrium dorsal, [f female genitalia ventral, g female sternite 8 ventral (possibly this species)].

PLATE XXIV. Usia unicolor Loew, 1873; a epiphallic complex ventral, b epiphallic complex lateral, c gonocoxite & gonostyli ventral, d gonocoxite & gonostyli lateral, e epandrium dorsal, f epandrium lateral, g female genitalia ventral, h female sternite 8 ventral. in A world revision of the bee fly tribe Usiini (Diptera, Bombyliidae) Part 2: Usia sensu stricto

PLATE XXIV. Usia unicolor Loew, 1873; a epiphallic complex ventral, b epiphallic complex lateral, c gonocoxite & gonostyli ventral, d gonocoxite & gonostyli lateral, e epandrium dorsal, f epandrium lateral, g female genitalia ventral, h female sternite 8 ventral.

PLATE XIX. Usia similis Paramonov, 1950; a epiphallic complex ventral, b epiphallic complex lateral, c gonocoxite & gonostyli ventral, d gonocoxite & gonostyli lateral, e epandrium dorsal, f female genitalia ventral, g female sternite 8 ventral, h female sternite 8 lateral. in A world revision of the bee fly tribe Usiini (Diptera, Bombyliidae) Part 2: Usia sensu stricto

PLATE XIX. Usia similis Paramonov, 1950; a epiphallic complex ventral, b epiphallic complex lateral, c gonocoxite & gonostyli ventral, d gonocoxite & gonostyli lateral, e epandrium dorsal, f female genitalia ventral, g female sternite 8 ventral, h female sternite 8 lateral.

PLATE XIV. Usia cornigera Gibbs sp. nov.; a epiphallic complex ventral, b epiphallic complex lateral, c gonocoxite & gonostyli ventral, d gonocoxite & gonostyli lateral, e epandrium dorsal, f epandrium lateral, g female genitalia ventral, h female sternite 8 ventral. in A world revision of the bee fly tribe Usiini (Diptera, Bombyliidae) Part 2: Usia sensu stricto

PLATE XIV. Usia cornigera Gibbs sp. nov.; a epiphallic complex ventral, b epiphallic complex lateral, c gonocoxite & gonostyli ventral, d gonocoxite & gonostyli lateral, e epandrium dorsal, f epandrium lateral, g female genitalia ventral, h female sternite 8 ventral.

PLATE XVIII. Usia aeneoides Paramonov, 1950; a epiphallic complex ventral, b epiphallic complex lateral, c gonocoxite & gonostyli ventral, d gonocoxite & gonostyli lateral, e epandrium dorsal, f female genitalia ventral, g female sternite 8 ventral, h female sternite 8 lateral. in A world revision of the bee fly tribe Usiini (Diptera, Bombyliidae) Part 2: Usia sensu stricto

PLATE XVIII. Usia aeneoides Paramonov, 1950; a epiphallic complex ventral, b epiphallic complex lateral, c gonocoxite & gonostyli ventral, d gonocoxite & gonostyli lateral, e epandrium dorsal, f female genitalia ventral, g female sternite 8 ventral, h female sternite 8 lateral.