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Fig. 10 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct

Fig. 10. Skulls of the four larger Pteropus species of Vanuatu and Polynesia. A, P. tonganus (AMNH 68738, adult male, ''Samoa''); B, P. samoensis (USNM 4465, unsexed adult, ''Samoan Archipelago''); C, P. coxi (USNM 3953/3791, probably male, ''Samoan Archipelago''); D, P. anetianus (USNM 278062, adult female, Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu). Scale bar 5 10 mm.

Fig. 4 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct

Fig. 4. Bivariate ecomorphological contrasts in Samoan Pteropus. A plot of rostral (orbitonasal) length versus zygomatic width discriminates the four Pteropus species recorded from Samoa. Sample represents all adult specimens (or nearly adult in the case of the unique holotype of P. allenorum) from the Samoan archipelago. Open triangles indicate P. samoensis; closed diamonds, P. tonganus; closed square, P. allenorum; open circles, P. coxi.

Fig. 6 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct

Fig. 6. Maxillary toothrows of the four Pteropus species of Samoa, to scale. A, Pteropus allenorum (ANSP 1234, unsexed subadult); B, Pteropus samoensis (ANSP 1867, unsexed adult); C, Pteropus coxi (USNM 3791, adult, probably male); D, Pteropus tonganus (AMNH 68738, adult male). Scale bar 5 5 mm.

Fig. 11 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct

Fig. 11. Color variation in the extant Pteropus spp. of Samoa. A, P. tonganus (USNM 566603, adult female, ''Samoa''), dorsal coloration pattern; B, P. samoensis (USNM 338624, adult male, Tutuila), dark phase (most common); C, P. samoensis (USNM 565827, adult female, Tutuila), white phase (very rare); D, P. samoensis (USNM 3947, unsexed young adult, ''Samoan Archipelago''), pale, straw-colored phase (less common in Samoa, more common in Fiji).

Fig. 5 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct

Fig. 5. Bivariate ecomorphological contrasts in Samoan Pteropus (continued). A plot of maxillary toothrow length versus the distance across the upper canines also discriminates the four Pteropus species recorded from Samoa. Sample and symbols as for figure 4.

Fig. 2. A in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct

Fig. 2. A map of Samoa, showing political boundaries and principal islands, with inset showing the location of Apia on the island of Upolu, the type locality of Pteropus allenorum. Adapted from Steadman (2006b).

Fig. 14 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct

Fig. 14. Bivariate plot of the two canonical variates in a discriminant function analysis contrasting samples identified as Pteropus samoensis (Fiji and Samoa, triangles), Pteropus anetianus (Vanuatu, closed circles), and Pteropus coxi (Samoa, open circles). Parenthetical numbers on the axes indicate the proportion of variance for each variate (see table 5).

Fig. 8 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct

Fig. 8. Multivariate morphometric comparisons in Samoan Pteropus (principal components analysis), drawing from 10 log-transformed craniodental measurements, divide the four Pteropus species recorded from Samoa into four discrete quadrant clusters. Sample and symbols as for figure 4. In this case, overall size can be visualized on the first component (increasing from right to left), while the loadings on the second component serve as an indication of general ''robustness'' (increasing from top to bottom). See text and table 3. Parenthetical numbers on the axes indicate the proportion of variance for each principal component (see table 3).

Fig. 9 in Pacific Flying Foxes (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Two New Species of Pteropus from Samoa, Probably Extinct

Fig. 9. Skins of the endemic Pteropus of Vanuatu. A, P. fundatus, AM M26896, adult female, Mota. B, P. anetianus, USNM 278062, adult female, Espiritu Santo.

Fig. 2 in The first recorded activity pattern for the Sunda stink-badger Mydaus javanensis (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mephitidae) using camera traps

Fig. 2. Daily activity patterns of Sunda stink-badger within Lots 5 and 7 of the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Borneo. The grey areas represent an extension of the activity pattern to depict its circular nature, and 'carpet' marks along the x-axis represent individual photographic events. Vertical dashed red lines indicate either the end or beginning of the diurnal phase of the diel (0700–1659 hours). Vertical blue lines indicate either the end or beginning of the nocturnal phase of the diel (1900–0459 hours). Regions between red and blue lines represent the crepuscular regions of the diel (0500–0659 hours and 1700–1859 hours).

Fig. A3 in The first recorded activity pattern for the Sunda stink-badger Mydaus javanensis (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mephitidae) using camera traps

Fig. A3. Co-occurrence of Sunda stink-badger Mydaus javanensis and Malay civet Viverra tangalunga photo-captured in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo on 13 June 2013.

Fig. A2 in The first recorded activity pattern for the Sunda stink-badger Mydaus javanensis (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mephitidae) using camera traps

Fig. A2. Kernel density modelled activity patterns for the Sunda stink-badger during different periods; overlap between activity patterns is indicated by the shaded regions. Vertical dashed red lines indicate either the end or beginning of the diurnal phase of the diel (0700–1659h). Vertical blue lines indicate either the end or beginning of the nocturnal phase of the diel (1900–0459h). Regions between red and blue lines represent the crepuscular regions of the diel (0500–0659h and 1700–1859h). 'Carpet' marks along the x-axis represent individual photographic events, and are colour co-ordinated to their respective activity pattern. Top (a): Overlap in kernel density modelled activity pattern in the wet season (November–February) compared to the dry season (March–October). Middle (b): Overlap in kernel density modelled activity pattern on full moon nights compared to new moon nights. Bottom (c): Overlap in kernel density modelled activity pattern on 'bright' nights (full moon, waxing gibbous, and waning gibbous) compared to 'dim' nights (new moon, new crescent, and old crescent).

Fig. 1 in The first recorded activity pattern for the Sunda stink-badger Mydaus javanensis (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mephitidae) using camera traps

Fig. 1. Location of the camera trap stations in Lots 5 and 7 of the LKWS along the northern bank of the Kinabatangan River, Sabah, Borneo.

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FIGURE 6 in Total Evidence Phylogenetic Analysis Supports New Morphological Synapomorphies for Bovidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla)

FIGURE 6. Maximum clade credibility Bayesian total evidence topology (opposite page, above, and next page). Extinct species are labeled Ancient DNA or Fossil to denote how they appear in the matrix. Posterior probabilities for each node over 0.5 are represented as scaled circles. Divergence dates estimated from fossil calibrations are represented in millions of years. Note the estimated divergence time of the clade Oreotragini + Cephalophini + Antilopini was older than the estimated divergence of the rest of Antilopinae in which it belongs.

Fig. 79. A in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires

Fig. 79. A, Reconstructed major jaw muscles of Rhombomylus. B, Estimated working lines of masticatory muscles.

Fig. 78 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires

Fig. 78. Estimated areas of origin (A) and insertion (B, C) of jaw muscles in Rhombomylus. A, Lateral view of the skull (the skull being slightly transversely compressed). B, Lateral view of the mandible. C, Medial view of the mandible.

Fig. 77 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires

Fig. 77. Phylogenetically constrained distributions of selected taxa. Fine lines represent cladistic relationships of figure 74. Solid lines are geological distributions of taxa (based on McKenna and Bell, 1997).

Fig. 71 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires

Fig. 71. Dorsal and ventral views of metatarsals and phalanges of the left pes of Rhombomylus (IVPP V 7428). MtI–MtIV, first to fifth metatarsals; pph1, proximal phalange of hallux; pph5, proximal phalange of fifth digit; sesa, sesamoid bones; and tph1, terminal phalange of hallux.

Fig. 70 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires

Fig. 70. Distal, proximal, medial, and lateral views of the left mesocuneiform of Rhombomylus (IVPP V 7428). McMtII, facet for the metatarsal II; and NMe, facet for navicular.

Fig. 68 in The Osteology Of Rhombomylus (Mammalia, Glires): Implications For Phylogeny And Evolution Of Glires

Fig. 68. Proximal, distal, dorsal, lateral, medial, and ventral views of the left cuboid of Rhombomylus (IVPP V 7428). Acu, astragalocuboid facet; CaCu, calcaneocuboid facet; CuEc, facet for ectocuneiform; CuM45, facet for metatarsals IV and V; hook, hook extending laterally from plantar process; and pp, plantar process.