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FIGURE 2 in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 2. Maximum clade credibility tree of a post-burnin Bayesian analysis (15 million generations), based on nuclear and plastid data only. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) and maximum-likelihood bootstrap support (BS) are shown (PP/BS). The scale bar below the tree shows the branch length for 0.004 substitutions per nucleotide position.
FIGURE 7 in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 7. Raphe anatomy of Cryptanthus, Krenakanthus, Orthocryptanthus (Ortcr.), Orthophytum (Ortph.), and Siqueiranthus. A–K. Median cross section of the raphe region. A. C. colnagoi (Leme 9154). B. C. aff. burle-marxii (Leme 9487). C. C. bahianus (Leme 9616). D. C. pickelii (Leme 9665). Detail of the tegmen in raphe region. E. S. cinereus (Leme 9785). F. K. roseolilacinus (Leme 8922). G. Ortcr. vasconcelosianus (Leme 8673). H. Ortph. compactum (Leme 5604). I. Ortph. maracasense (Leme 9617). J. Ortph. vagans (Leme 505). K. Ortph. pseudovagans (Leme 6821). Arrow: vascular bundle. Arrowhead: protein grain. en = endosperm. r = raphe. tg = tegmen. The numbers in D indicate: 1 = endotegmen. 2 = mesotegmen. 3 = exotegmen. 4 = endotesta. 5 = parenchyma. Bars: A–C, E–K = 100 μm. D = 50 μm.
FIGURE 17. Pollen. A–D in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 17. Pollen. A–D. Siqueiranthus cinereus (Leme 9785). A. View of the sulcus covered with exine elements partially forming a net. B. Details of the exine elements. C. Details of the slightly flat muri. D. View of the reticulum. E–F. Cryptanthus beuckeri (Leme 7341). E. Partial view of the reticulum and the sulcus covered with exine elements forming a net. F. Details of the muri. G–H. C. argyrophyllus (Leme 4872). G. Details of the muri. H. View of the sulcus covered with exine elements forming a net. I–J. C. bromelioides (Leme 016-B). I. View of the sulcus covered with exine elements forming a net. J. Details of the muri. K. Partial view of the reticulum and the sulcus of Krenakanthus roseolilacinus (Leme 8922). L–N. Partial view of the reticulum and the sulcus of Orthocryptanthus. L. O. vasconcelosianus (Leme 8673). M. O. santaritensis (Leme 8945). N. O. arcanus (Leme 9093). Bars = 10 µm (A, D–F, H, I, K–N). Bars = 5 µm (B, C, G, J) (SEM photos: H. Halbritter).
FIGURE 14. Petal appendages and callosites. A–C in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 14. Petal appendages and callosites. A–C. Shape variation of the scutelliform appendage type of Siqueiranthus cinereus (Leme 9785) with tendency to cupuliform type. D–E. Well-developed longitudinal callosities of Cryptanthus. D. C. lutandensis (Leme 9743). E. C. zonatus (Leme 6234). F–G. Petal appendages of Orthophytum. F. Echinatiform type of O. buranhense (Leme 9148). G. Scutelliform type of O. diamantinense (Leme 5835). H. Cupuliform appendage type of Krenakanthus roseolilacinus (Leme 8922). I–J. Orthocryptanthus. I. Well-developed longitudinal callosities of O. vasconcelosianus (Leme 8673). J. Sacciform appendage type of O. arcanus (Leme 9093). Bars = 2 mm.
FIGURE 1 in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 1. Maximum clade credibility tree of a post-burnin Bayesian analysis (15 million generations) based on nuclear (agt1, ETS, phyC), plastid (matK, trnH-psbA, ycf1 pos. 1113-2103, ycf1 pos. 4492-5440) as well as ecological and morphological data. Above the branches, Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) and maximum-likelihood bootstrap support (BS) are shown (PP/BS). The scale bar below the tree shows the branch length for 0.005 substitutions per nucleotide position.
FIGURE 13. A–F in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 13. A–F. Siqueiranthus cinereus (Leme 9785): A. Basal fascicle. B. Outer floral bracts of the fascicles. C. Flower. D. Details of the calyx and corolla. E. Sepals. F. Petal and stamen. G–I. Cryptanthus aff. beuckeri (Leme 3891). G. Basal fascicle. H. Flower. I. Petals and stamens. J–M. Orthophytum spp. J. Floral bract and flower of O. atalaiense (Leme 6628). K. Distal part of the flower of O. buranhense (Leme 9148). L. O. foliosum (Leme 8010). M. O. grossiorum (Leme 5584). Bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 5 in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 5. Seed coat anatomy of Cryptanthus and Siqueiranthus. A. seed in median cross section. B–G. seed coat in median crosssection, in the antiraphe region. A–B. S. cinereus (Leme 9785). C. C. pickelii (Leme 9665). D. C. colnagoi (Leme 9154). E. C. aff. burlemarxii (Leme 9487). F. C. aff. beuckeri (Leme 3891). G. C. bahianus (Leme 9616). Arrow = vascular bundle. en = endosperm. r = raphe. sc = seed coat. The numbers indicate the different layers of the seed coat. 1 = endotegmen (with discontinuous elements of mesotegmen). 1' = mesotegmen. 2 = exotegmen. 3 = endotesta. 3' = mesotesta. 4 = exotesta. Bars: A = 500 μm. B-G = 50 μm.
FIGURE 11 in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 11. Siqueiranthus cinereus: A–B. General view of the habit at type locality. C. Individuals growing at the border of the shrubby vegetation. D. Long-caulescent individuals growing propped up by the surrounding bushes in moderate shade condition. E. Individuals growing under partially shaded condition. F. Extensive cattle breading areas surrounding the vegetation fragment where S. cinereus lives. (Photos: J.A. Siqueira).
FIGURE 3 in New genera and a new species in the "Cryptanthoid Complex" (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on the morphology of recently discovered species, seed anatomy, and improvements in molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 3. Seed morphology. Seeds in lateral view (A, C–E, G–J, M, O, Q–T) and raphe view (B, F, H, L, N, P). A–B. Cryptanthus aff. beuckeri (Leme 3891). C. C. colnagoi (Leme 9154). D. C. pickelii (Leme 9665). E–F. C. bahianus (Leme 9616). G-I. Siqueiranthus cinereus (Leme 9785). G and I show two morphological variations for this species. J. Krenakanthus roseolilacinus (Leme 8922). K–L. Orthocryptanthus vasconcelosianus (Leme 8673). M–N. Orthophytum maracasense (Leme 9617). O–P. O. compactum (Leme 5604). Q. O. leprosum (Leme 7897). R. O. pseudovagans (Leme 6821). S. O. vagans (Leme 505). T. O. saxicola (Leme 6058). c = chalazal region or inconspicuous chalazal appendage. m = micropylar region. r = raphe. Bars = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Molecular Phylogeny of Ethiopian Artemisia (Asteraceae) Species Based on Nuclear External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)
FIGURE 2. The maximum likelihood (ML) tree inferred from 1000 replicates is taken to represent the evolutionary history of the combined nuclear datasets (ITS and ETS). Contrary to this, the branches corresponding to partitions reproduced in less than 50% bootstrap replicates were collapsed. The values indicated above and below branches are the Bootstrap values (> 50%) obtained from ML and MP analysis respectively with 1000 replicates. The species names are colored according to their subgeneric affiliation.
FIGURE 1 in Molecular Phylogeny of Ethiopian Artemisia (Asteraceae) Species Based on Nuclear External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)
FIGURE 1. Map of Ethiopia indicating the geographic distribution of Artemisia samples included in this study.
FIGURE 6 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating
FIGURE 6. Dated phylogeny obtained through Maximum Likelihood for endosymbiont ciliates of the Trichostomatia subclass. The red vertical line represents the radiation period of the Caprinae subfamily (Ropiquet & Hassanin 2005 a, b). The green circles represent the nodes and the possible period in millions of years of diversification of the Isotrichidae (4.3–15.5) and Ophryoscolecidae (1.0–5.7) families. My—Millions of years.
FIGURE 4 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating
FIGURE 4. Interaction network between ciliate protozoa species associated with goats and other hosts. The bars in grey and black represent some hosts that associate with ciliates and the ciliate protozoa species, respectively. The colored arrows (ranging from black to red) represent the associations between hosts and ciliate species. The size of the grey and black bars represents the hosts and ciliate species with greater or lower association, respectively (Dogiel 1928; Dehority 1974; Vasily & Mitchell 1974; Wilkinson & Van Hoven 1976; Kleynhans & Hoven 1976; Van Hoven et al. 1979; Dehority 1987; Towne et al. 1988; Dehority 1995; Selim et al. 1996; Dehority 1997; Wright & Lynn 1997; Selim et al. 1999; Dehority et al. 1999; Franzolin & Dehority 1999; Su et al. 2000; Imai et al. 2004; Talar et al. 2004; De la Fuente et al. 2006; Obanda et al. 2008; Del Valle et al. 2008; Martinele & D'Agosto 2008; Mishima et al. 2009; Booyse & Dehority 2012; Baraka 2012; Booyse et al. 2014; Booyse et al. 2015; Cerón Cucchi et al. 2016; Cedrola et al. 2016; Cedrola et al. 2017; Kimura et al. 2017; Gürelli 2017; Gürelli 2018; Cedrola et al. 2018).
FIGURE 5 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating
FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree obtained through Maximum Likelihood representing evolutionary relationships of some species of ciliates, based on 18S rDNA sequences. The red color represents species observed in studies with rumen samples from goats. Subclass Haptoria was chosen as outgroup. The values in each node of the tree mean, respectively: Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap and Bayesian inference (BI) values of posterior probability. Scale bar represents 3 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions.
FIGURE 2 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating
FIGURE 2. Schematic representation of the association of ciliate protozoa genera and the host species of the Caprinae subfamily. The numbers around the circle represent the number of times a genus has been observed in a host. The colors red, pink, caramel and dark orange of the bars represent, respectively, the hosts Capra hircus, Rupicapra rupicapra, Capra pyrenaica, and Capra ibex, and the genera associated with them. The lines within the circle indicate the association between host species and the genera.
FIGURE 3 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating
FIGURE 3. Geographic and quantitative distribution of the ciliate protozoa species associated with goats. Some regions in the map (Spain, former Czechoslovakia, Italy, South Korea and Japan), were amplified for better visualization of the geographic boarders (Lubinsky 1955; Christl 1958; Imai et al. 1978; Lee 1979; Crha et al. 1985; Fernandez-Galiano & Campos 1992; Ito et al. 1995; Gurung et al. 2002; Göçmen & Atatur 2002; Göçmen et al. 2002; Mermer et al. 2003; Rastgeld & Göçmen 2003; Göçmen & Rastgeldi 2004; Talar et al. 2004; Göçmen et al. 2005; Göçmen & Karaoðlu 2005; De la Fuente et al. 2006; Mermer et al. 2006; Göçmen & Sezgin 2006; De la Fuente et al. 2009; Baraka 2012; Gürelli 2014; Gürelli et al. 2016; Mohamed 2017).
FIGURE 1 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating
FIGURE 1. Schematic drawings of the rumen ciliate species described in goats (Christl 1958; Fernandez-Galiano & Campos 1992; Göçmen & Rastgeldi 2004; Göçmen et al. 2005). A. Entodinium alpinum; B. Entodinium ibicis; C. Entodinium couturier; D. Entodinium wertheimi; E. Entodinium salmani; F. Ophryoscolex monoacanthus. G-H: frequent species in observations of caprine rumen samples; G. Isotricha prostoma; H. Dasytricha ruminantium; I. Entodinium dubardi; J. Entodinium caudatum; K. Entodinium exiguum; L. Entodinium minimum; M. Entodinium simplex; N. Entodinium longinucleatum; O. Epidinium ecaudatum. Abbreviations: ACZ, adoral ciliary zone; CV, contractile vacuole; CS, caudal spine; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; Ve, vestibulum; Sk, skeletal plate. Scale bar:10μm.
Phylogeny of the Neotropical wood degrading beetles (Scarabaeoidea: Passalidae) of the tribe Passalini, inferred from molecular and morphological data
<p>Analysis input matrices, configuration files, logs, and output for phylogenetic analysis of the manuscript: Phylogeny of the Neotropical wood degrading beetles (Scarabaeoidea: Passalidae) of the tribe Passalini, inferred from molecular and morphological data</p>
Figure 14. A, B, E, F in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data
Figure 14. A, B, E, F, Eratigena inermis; C, D, G, H, Eratigena vomeroi; I, Tegenaria montiszasensis sp. nov.; J, Tegenaria annulata; K, L, Tegenaria schoenhoferi sp. nov.; M-P, Tegenaria annae sp. nov.; Q-T, Tegenaria ariadnae. Left male palp in ventral (A, C, K, M, Q) and retrolateral views (B, D, L, N, R); epigyne in ventral view (O, S), vulva in dorsal (E, G, I, J, P, T) and lateral views (F, H). Abbreviations: E, embolus; C, conductor; CD, copulatory duct; DA, dorsal appendages on CD; FD, fertilization duct; MA, median apophysis; RC, receptaculum; RTA d, dorsal branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis; RTA l, lateral branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis; TR, transversal ridge.
Figure 12. A, B in Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data
Figure 12. A, B, Eratigena herculea; C, D, H, N, O, Eratigena arganoi; E, K, Eratigena sicana; F, G, L, M, Eratigena hispanica; I, J, P, Q, Eratigena sardoa; R–T, Eratigena picta. Female epigyne in ventral (A, C, F, I) and vulva in dorsal view (B, D, E, G, J); male left palp in ventral (L, N, P, R) and retrolateral views (M, O, Q, S); frontal face of male E. arganoi (H); habitus of female E. sicana (K); habitus of two males of E. picta (T). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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