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FIGS. 1–15 in The Goblin Spider Genus Costarina (Araneae, Oonopidae), Part 1

FIGS. 1–15. Costarina plena (O. P.-Cambridge), male. 1. Carapace, dorsal view. 2. Same, anterior view. 3. Same, lateral view. 4. Chelicerae, anterior view. 5. Same, posterior view. 6. Sternum, ventral view. 7. Labium and endites, ventral view. 8. Labrum and endites, dorsal view. 9. Palpal tibia, dorsal view. 10. Left palp, prolateral view. 11. Same, ventral view. 12. Same, retrolateral view. 13. Left embolus, prolateral view. 14. Same, ventral view, PBI_OON 716 from Chiapas, Mexico. 15. Same, PBI_OON 746 from Zacapa, Guatemala.

FIGS. 271–278 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 271–278. Molotra tsingy, new species, male claws (PBI_OON 03397). 271. Claws of tarsus I, prolateral view. 272. Same, retroventral view. 273. Same, anterior view. 274. Same, dorsolateral view. 275. Claws of tarsus II, ventrolateral view. 276. Same, retrolateral view. 277. Claws of tarsus IV, prolateral view. 278. Same, retrolateral view. Lateral teeth absent, median teeth labeled (M). Scale bars: 10 µm.

FIGS. 256–261 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 256–261. Molotra tsingy, new species, male (PBI_OON 03397). 256. Cephalothorax, ventral view. 257. Same, magnified view showing resting position of embolar region, with arrow to wrinkled edge of lobe. 258. Cephalothorax, posteroventral view. 259. Same, magnified view, with arrow to wrinkled edge of lobe. 260. Cephalothorax, lateral view. 261. Same, magnified view showing narrow sternal cavity (arrow). Scale bars: 20 µm (257, 259), 100 µm (all others)

FIGS. 46–60 in The Goblin Spider Genus Costarina (Araneae, Oonopidae), Part 1

FIGS. 46–60. Costarina plena (O. P.-Cambridge), female. 46. Spinnerets, apical view. 47. Anterior lateral spinneret, same. 48. Posterior median spinnerets, same. 49. Posterior lateral spinneret, same. 50. Leg I, lateral view. 51. Leg IV, same. 52. Claws of leg I, lateral view. 53. Claws of leg II, apical view. 54. Leg III, same. 55. Claws of leg IV, lateral view. 56. Tarsal organ from leg I, dorsal view. 57. Same, leg II. 58. Same, leg III. 59. Same, leg IV. 60. Same, palp.

FIGS. 248–255 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 248–255. Molotra tsingy, new species, male (PBI_OON 03397). 248. Carapace, dorsal view. 249. Same, lateral view, with arrow showing posterior knob. 250. Same, anterior view. 251. Same, close up of margin, lateral view, with arrow to setose denticle. 252. Same, anterior view. 253. Mouthparts, anterolateral view, with arrow to distolateral knob of endite. 254. Sternum and mouthparts, ventrolateral view, with arrow to narrow anterior cavity of sternum. 255. Labium and endites, posterioventral view, with arrow to endite knob. Scale bars: 50 µm (251), 100 µm (all others).

FIGS. 262–270 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 262–270. Molotra tsingy, new species, male (PBI_OON 03397). 262. Abdomen, lateral view of anterior end. 263. Same, magnified view of pedicel with arrows showing absence of ridges. 264. Epigastric region, ventrolateral view, dashes to anterior respiratory spiracle and arrow to apodeme opening. 265. Sperm pore, ventral view. 266. Tarsal organ of palpus, dorsal view. 267. Same, tarsus II. 268. Same, tarsus IV. 269. Trichobothrium of tibia IV, sublateral view. 270. Same, tibia II, dorsal view. Scale bars: 100 µm (262), 50 µm (263, 264), 20 µm (265), 10 µm (266–270).

FIGS. 239–247 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 239–247. Molotra tsingy, new species, male (PBI_OON 03397). 239. Cephalothorax, anterior view. 240. Same, posterior view. 241. Same, dorsal view. 242. Same, ventral view, showing the resting position of the embolus (arrow). 243. Same, lateral view. 244. Leg I, prolateral view. 245. Same, retrolateral view. 246. Leg IV, prolateral view. 247. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 200 µm.

FIGS. 231–238 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 231–238. Molotra tsingy, new species, male (PBI_OON 03397). 231. Habitus, ventral view. 232. Same, dorsal view. 233. Same, lateral view. 234. Abdomen, lateral view. 235. Same, anterior view. 236. Abdomen, dorsal view. 237. Same, ventral view. 238. Epigastric region, ventral view. Arrow to sperm pore, dash to apodeme.

FIGS. 227–230 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 227–230. Molotra molotra, new species, male and female genitalia. (PBI_01990). Female (227, 228, 230), male (229, 230). 227. Composite image of gonopore with anterior and posterior sections separated and rotated. Anterior section (upper image), posterior view, arrow to anterior opening. Posterior section, anterior view, arrow to posterior opening. 228. Left sagittal section, laterodorsal view, with arrows showing anterior and posterior openings. 229. Left palpus, attached to body, in anteriolateral view. 230. Reconstructions of female and male genitalia in hypothesized precopulatory positions. Anterior median process shown in green, posterior process in brown, cuticle section in gray. AA = anterior apodeme, DL = dorsal lobe, E = embolus, GAp = globular appendix (median knob), PA = posterior apodeme, PF = papillae field, TP = T-shaped process, UI = uterus internus, VL = ventral lobe. Scale bars: 50 µm.

FIGS. 220–226 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 220–226. Molotra molotra, new species, female internal genitalia, oblique sagittal section (PBI_01990). 220. Left section, dorsolateral view, arrow to gonopore. 221. Right section, lateral view, showing posterior and anterior apodemes, arrow points to anterior lobe of the posterior median process. 222. Left section, magnified view, arrow shows the junction of the median knob (GAp) to base of T-shaped process (TP), cuticle cross section highlighted. 223. Right section, magnified view, arrow shows anterior opening of gonopore, cuticle cross section highlighted. 224. Left section, a more posterior view. 225. Same, magnified view, arrows show edges of PMP. 226. Abdomen, ventral view, showing left half of sagittal section. AA = anterior apodeme, GAp = globular appendix (median knob), PA = posterior apodeme, TP = T-shaped process. Scale bars: 200 µm (226), 50 µm (all others).

FIGS. 214–219 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 214–219. Molotra molotra, new species, female internal genitalia. (PBI_01990). 214. Dorsal view. 215. Same, magnified, showing median knob (GAp) and papillae (PF). 216. Anteriodorsal view. 217. Same, magnified, showing T-shaped process (TP) and remnants of uterus internus (UI), arrows show rounded anterior lobes of the PMP. 218. Laterodorsal view, arrows show the anterior and posterior edges of the PMP. 219. Posteriodorsal view, showing the five transverse ridges (dashes) of the posterior scute. AA = anterior apodeme, BL = book lung, PA = posterior apodeme, PMP = posterior median process. Scale bars: 100 µm (214, 216), 50 µm (217–219), 10 µm (215).

FIGS. 31–45 in The Goblin Spider Genus Costarina (Araneae, Oonopidae), Part 1

FIGS. 31–45. Costarina plena (O. P.-Cambridge), female. 31. Carapace, dorsal view. 32. Same, anterior view. 33. Same, lateral view. 34. Chelicerae, anterior view. 35. Fang, anterior view. 36. Chelicerae, posterior view. 37. Labium and endites, ventral view. 38. Labrum and endites, dorsal view. 39. Same, detail of ridges near tip. 40. Palp, prolateral view. 41. Same, retrolateral view. 42. Palpal tibia, dorsal view. 43. Sternum, ventral view. 44. Epigastric area, ventral view. 45. Genitalia, dorsal view.

FIGS. 130–144 in The Goblin Spider Genus Costarina (Araneae, Oonopidae), Part 1

FIGS. 130–144. Costarina subplena, new species, male (130–138) and female (139–144). 130. Carapace, dorsal view. 131, 139. Same, anterior view. 132. Same, lateral view. 133. Sternum, ventral view. 134. Left embolus, prolateral view. 135. Same, ventral view. 136. Left palp, prolateral view. 137. Same, ventral view. 138. Same, retrolateral view. 140. Abdomen, lateral view. 141. Same, ventral view. 142, 143. Genitalia, ventral view. 144. Same, dorsal view.

FIGS. 198–205. Molotra species, female genitalia. 198. M. molotra, ventral view. 199 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 198–205. Molotra species, female genitalia. 198. M. molotra, ventral view. 199. Same, digested specimen, anteriodorsal view. 200. Same, cleared, dorsal view, red lines show muscles. 201. Same, posteriodorsal view. 202. M. katarinae, ventral view. 203. Same, digested specimen, dorsal view. 204. M. suzannae, ventral view. 205. Same, digested specimen, dorsal view. AA = anterior apodemes, PA = posterior apodemes, TP = T-shaped process. Scale bars: 200 µm.

FIGS. 206–213 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 206–213. Molotra molotra, new species, female external genitalia. (PBI_01990: 206, 207; PBI_03392: 208–213). 206. Ventral view with gonopore slightly open showing anterior (arrow) and posterior (dash) median process. 207. Posterior view. 208. Anterior margin of gonopore, ventral view, showing anterior median process (AMP). 209. Same, posterior view, arrow to anterior opening (AO). 210. Posterior margin of gonopore, ventral view, showing posterior median process (PMP) with arrows to posterior opening (PO) and dashes to posterior wall of uterus internus (UI). 211. Anterior margin, magnified, arrow to distal pore, dashes to anterior wall of UI. 212. Posterior margin, magnified, with arrows showing crack on surface of PMP. 213. Same, anterior view, showing the large posterior apodemes (PA). Scale bars: 100 µm (206, 207), 50 µm (all others).

FIGS. 182–189 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 182–189. Molotra suzannae, new species, male palp. (PBI_03396). 182, 183. Palp, prolateral and retrolateral views, with arrow to slight dorsoapical swelling of bulb. 184. Same, dorsal view. 185. Same, embolar region. 186. Embolar region, prolateral view. 187. Same, magnified view of apical region. 188. Embolar region, ventral view, showing basal break in dorsal lobe (arrow) and an unresolved median lobe (dash). 189. Same, magnified view of basal portion showing break in dorsal lobe (arrows). DL = dorsal lobe, E = embolus, ML = median lobe, O = embolar opening, VL = ventral lobe. Scale bars: 100 µm (182–184), 10 µm (189), 50 µm (all others).

FIGS. 190–197 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 190–197. Molotra species, male palp, prolateral view. 190, 191. M. molotra, same palp before and after treatment with hot lactic acid showing expanded embolar region. 192, 193. M. ninae, palpi of specimens from different localities. 194–196. M. katarinae, palpi of specimens from different localities, including one expanded with lactic acid (195). 197. M. suzannae, with arrow to slender basal projection of dorsal lobe. Scale bars: 200 µm.

FIGS. 107–111 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 107–111. Molotra molotra, new species, male (107–109) and female (110, 111) pedicel region (PBI_01990, except 108 = PBI_03392). 107. Pedicel, lateral view. 108. Same, anterior view, arrows to pedicel and scutal ridges. 109, 111. Same, dorsal view. 110. Same, ventral view. Scale bars: 50 µm (108, 110), 100 µm (all others).

FIGS. 120–130 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 120–130. Molotra molotra, new species, male (120–122) and female (123–130) sensory structures (PBI_01990), showing variation. 120. Trichobothrium palpal tibia, dorsal view. 121. Same, metatarsus II. 122. Same, tibia III. 123. Tarsal organ palp, dorsal view. 124. Same, leg I. 125. Same, leg II. 126. Same, leg III. 127. Same, leg IV. 128. Trichobothrium, metatarsus I, dorsal view. 129. Same, metatarsus IV. 130. Same, tibia III. Scale bars: 10 µm.

FIGS. 174–181 in The Malagasy Goblin Spiders of the New Genus Molotra (Araneae: Oonopidae)

FIGS. 174–181. Molotra katarinae, new species, male palp. (PBI_03393). 174, 175. Palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. 176. Same, dorsal view. 177. Same, embolar region, with arrow showing ridged (? broken) area. 178. Embolar region, prolateral-ventral view. 179. Same, magnified view. 180. Same, ventral view. 181. Same, magnified view of basal portion showing crack in dorsal lobe (arrow). DL = dorsal lobe, E = embolus, ML? = possible median lobe, O = embolar opening, VL = ventral lobe. Scale bars: 100 µm (174–176), 50 µm (all others).