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Fig. 4 in A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'

Fig. 4. The three scarab beetle specialists responsible for the intense period of taxonomic activity that 'Canthon sensu lato' passed through during the 1940s–1970s. Throughout that period and through tens of papers, the former concept of the genus Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817 was divided into several genera and subgenera, including Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977, published in the last work of that series. A. The Brazilian cleric, Padre Francisco Silvério Pereira, CMF (1913–1991) (image courtesy of Everardo Grossi and Brett Ratcliffe). B. The Argentinian entomologist Antonio Martínez (1922– 1993) (modified from Fritz 1994). C. The Mexican entomologist Gonzalo Halffter (b. 1932) (modified from Morrone 2015a).

Fig. 7. Pterothorax, ventrolateral views. A in A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'

Fig. 7. Pterothorax, ventrolateral views. A. Sylvicanthon aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868) comb. nov. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). C. Canthon xanthopus Blanchard, 1846. Abbreviations: MsC = mesocoxa; MMsC = external margin of mesocoxa; CMtE = centre of metaventrite; LMtE = lateral region of metaventrite; MtC = metacoxa.

Fig. 3 in A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'

Fig. 3. The two great revisers of Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817 in the first half of the 20th century. A. The German coleopterist Adolf Schmidt (1856–1923). After the publication of his two works on Scarabaeinae (Schmidt 1920, 1922), Canthon was composed of 143 valid species. Schmidt was the first author to recognize a group of species that, more than 50 years later, would constitute the core of the genus Sylvicanthon as proposed by Halffter & Martínez (1977). B. The Czech coleopterist Vladimír Balthasar (1897–1978), one of the first authors to recognize explicitly the great heterogeneity and artificiality of Canthon and to propose its division into several genera and subgenera. (Both images courtesy of Editha Schubert, from the archives of the Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut.)

Fig. 2 in A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'

Fig. 2. The German coleopterist Edgar von Harold (1830–1886), one of the first specialists in scarab beetles and author of the only 19th century revision of Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817, in which 97 species were recognized as valid, 46 as new. Harold described two species today positioned in Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977: S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868) comb. nov. and S. candezei (Harold, 1869) (portrait courtesy of Editha Schubert, from the archives of the Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut; title page of Harold's revision of Canthon scanned from an original copy housed at the first author's personal library).

Fig. 1 in A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'

Fig. 1. Authors who initiated the studies on 'Canthon sensu lato' in the first half of the 19th century. A. The German naturalist Johann Centurius Graf von Hoffmannsegg (1766–1849), author of the genus Canthon (image courtesy of Editha Schubert, from the archives of the Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut). B. The French entomologist Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833), author of Ateuchus septemmaculatus Latreille, 1807, species treated in detail by Hoffmannsegg (1817) in his description of Canthon. Latreille was also the author of Coprobius, name considered valid for decades before being synonymized with Canthon by Harold (1868a) (image courtesy of the United States National Library of Medicine).

Fig. 5 in A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'

Fig. 5. Subdentate tarsal claws in different groups of dung beetles. The presence of this form of tarsal claw was seen as evidence for a close phylogenetic relationship between several groups of Scarabaeinae distributed over the continents of former Gondwana. A. Protarsal claws of Sylvicanthon proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov. Red arrow indicates the basal agularity of the claw. B. Pseudocanthon vitraci (Fleutiaux & Sallé, 1889) (modified from Matthews 1966). C. Canthonella parva (Chapin, 1930) (modified from Halffter & Martínez 1967). D. Lepanus penelopae Matthews & Weir, 2002 (left) and L. loftyensis Matthews & Weir, 2002 (right) (modified from Matthews & Weir 2002). E. Oficanthon mirabilis Paulian, 1985 (modified from Paulian 1985).

Fig. 26 in A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'

Fig. 26. Sylvicanthon candezei (Harold, 1869) type material. A. a. Lectotype. b. Labels of lectotype. c. Labels of paralectotype 3. B. The four localities where S. candezei type series may have been collected by Bates in the lower Tapajós region in 1852 (see discussion in the text). C. The English naturalist Henry Walter Bates (1825–1892), the collector of the S. candezei type series (modified from Bidau 2014).

Fig. 19 in A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'

Fig. 19. Aedeagus morphological diversity in Sylvicanthon. A. S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). C. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). D. S. monnei sp. nov. E. S. mayri sp. nov.

Fig. 22 in A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'

Fig. 22. Distribution of Sylvicanthon enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov. Note that the species occupies transition zones between the Amazonia, Cerrado, Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes, regions much dryer and more open than the humid forests occupied by the species of the candezei group.

Fig. 17 in A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'

Fig. 17. Aedeagus morphological diversity in Sylvicanthon. A. S. enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov. B. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920). C. S. candezei (Harold, 1869) (arrows points to the ventral notch). D. S. genieri sp. nov. (idem). E. S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868). F. S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov.

Fig. 37 in A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'

Fig. 37. Sylvicanthon seag sp. nov. A. Dorsal view of a bicolour specimen (present only on the banks of the Amazon River and in the Brazilian state of Maranhão). B. Dorsal view of a bluish specimen. C. Dorsal view of a greenish specimen. D. Ventral view of a greenish specimen.

Fig. 31 in A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter & Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of 'Canthon sensu lato'

Fig. 31. Metafemora of the two species of the aequinoctialis subgroup. A. Sylvicanthon aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868) comb. nov. B. S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov. Arrow indicates the basal end of the posterior margin of the ventral face of metafemora (note that it is longer in S. aequinoctialis comb. nov. than in S. proseni stat. et comb. nov. and may exceed the trochanter in the first species).

Figs 14–19 in Neofidia Strother, a new name for Fidia Baly, 1863 and redescription of Fidia kanaraensis (Jacoby, 1895) with a new host record and notes on natural history (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Eumolpinae)

Figs 14–19. Close up of parts of female genitalia of Fidia kanaraensis (Jacoby, 1895) comb. nov. 14. Bursa copulatrix. 15. Ovipositor. 16. Spermatheca. 17. Eighth tergite. 18. Holotype labels. 19. Paratype labels. Abbreviations: Cox = coxite; Par = paraproct; Prg = proctiger; Val = valvifer.

Fig 13 in Neofidia Strother, a new name for Fidia Baly, 1863 and redescription of Fidia kanaraensis (Jacoby, 1895) with a new host record and notes on natural history (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Eumolpinae)

Fig 13. Female genitalia of Fidia kanaraensis (Jacoby, 1895) comb. nov. along with line diagram. Abbreviations: BC = bursa copulatrix; CoG = collateral gland; ET = eighth tergite; MdO = median oviduct; Ovi = ovipositor; SpC = spermathecal capsule; SpD = spermathecal duct; SpG = spermathecal gland; Vg = vagina.

Figs 6–9 in Neofidia Strother, a new name for Fidia Baly, 1863 and redescription of Fidia kanaraensis (Jacoby, 1895) with a new host record and notes on natural history (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Eumolpinae)

Figs 6–9. Male genitalia of Fidia kanaraensis (Jacoby, 1895) comb. nov. 6. Aedeagus, dorsal view. 7. Aedeagus, lateral view. 8. Tergite VIII, sternite VIII & IX. 9. Tegmen.

Figs 1–5 in Neofidia Strother, a new name for Fidia Baly, 1863 and redescription of Fidia kanaraensis (Jacoby, 1895) with a new host record and notes on natural history (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Eumolpinae)

Figs 1–5. Fidia kanaraensis (Jacoby, 1895) comb. nov. 1. Dorsal view of habitus after removing powdery encrustation. 2. Dorsal view of habitus with powdery encrustation. 3. Ventral view of habitus. 4. Lateral view of habitus. 5. Head.

Figs 20–26 in Neofidia Strother, a new name for Fidia Baly, 1863 and redescription of Fidia kanaraensis (Jacoby, 1895) with a new host record and notes on natural history (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Eumolpinae)

Figs 20–26. Biology and ecology of Fidia kanaraensis (Jacoby, 1895) comb. nov. 20. Eggs covered with excreta. 21. Naked eggs. 22. First instar grub, lateral view. 24. First instar grub, ventral view. 23. Damage on mango root. 25. Adult beetle on mango leaves. 26. Damage on cashew leaves.

opencc-zeroJul 2019View details →

Natural history specimens collected and/or identified and deposited.

Natural history specimen data collected and/or identified by Rainer, Heimo, <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5963-349X">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5963-349X</a>. Claims were made on Bloodhound, <a href="http://bloodhound-tracker.net">https://bloodhound-tracker.net</a> using specimen data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org">https://gbif.org</a>.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

Historians' Perspectives of the Importance and Impact of Mining History Scholarship

In 2019, Eric C. Nystrom (Arizona State University) and Brian James Leech (Augustana College) conducted a survey of self-identified mining historians to determine their preferences for mining history scholarship. Our survey asked voluntary respondents to list their top three "classic" books in mining history, and also their top three "recent" mining history books. Respondents were also given an opportunity for optional comments, to accompany their choices. Basic demographic data about occupation, occupation status, and geographic location were collected. Geographic data was aggregated to remove personally identifying information. All responses were voluntary and anonymous. 40 complete responses were received, and 134 distinct books were mentioned. The data was then regularized, and complete bibliographic data generated. When a book has been issued in multiple editions, the first edition was used, unless a different edition was explicitly specified by the respondent. Included files This data release contains: <ul> <li>Spreadsheet of responses (TSV), with responses regularized by BibTeX tag, geography grouped to prevent identification, and private comments removed (all in accordance with IRB)</li> <li>Bibliography of all books mentioned as either "classic" or "recent" works by study respondents, in Chicago format, alphabetical by author last name (PDF)</li> <li>BibTeX file containing complete bibliography of all books mentioned by respondents</li> </ul> Publications The survey results were analyzed in the following works: Brian James Leech and Eric C. Nystrom, "Surveying the Minds: New Trends and Key Classics in Mining History," Mining History Journal 27 (2020): forthcoming. Brian James Leech and Eric C. Nystrom, "Surveying the Minds: New Trends and Key Classics in Mining History," paper presented at the Mining History Association Conference, Marquette, MI, June 8, 2019. Notes and Errata <ul> <li> For Rodman Paul's Mining Frontiers, one respondent explicitly listed the 2001 Paul & West edition; all others were assumed to be the first edition from 1963. </li> <li> One respondent explicitly mentioned the Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover translation of Agricola's 1556 work De re Metallica; since this English translation is the one almost always used in the modern era, references to Agricola were regularized as the Hoover edition. </li> <li> In a handful of cases, multi-volume works were listed by respondents, and were thus entered in the bibliography this way. See e.g. Lingenfelter, Bonanzas & Borrascas. </li> <li> ASU IRB exemption # STUDY00009309; Augustana IRB exemption # 462452423. </li> </ul>

FIGURE 136 in The marine ichthyofauna of Lebanon: an annotated checklist, history, biogeography, and conservation status

FIGURE 136. Tylerius spinosissimus (Regan 1908), Okaibeh, 8 December 2006, AUBM (OS3803), Crocetta & Bariche in Dailianis et al. (2016).