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1,533 results for “rearing”
Figure 4 in Zoeal stages of Hiplyra variegata (Rüppell, 1830) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae) reared in the laboratory and collected from plankton at Al-Kharrar creek, central Red Sea
Figure 4. Hiplyra variegata (Rüppell, 1830), pleopod: (a) zoea II; (b) zoea III. Pereiopod: (c) zoea II; (d) zoea III. Dorsal view of pleon: (e) zoea I; (f) zoea II; (g) zoea III. Dorsal view of telson: (h) zoea III.
Figure 3 in Zoeal stages of Hiplyra variegata (Rüppell, 1830) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae) reared in the laboratory and collected from plankton at Al-Kharrar creek, central Red Sea
Figure 3. Hiplyra variegata (Rüppell, 1830), first maxilliped: (a) zoea I; (b) zoea II; (c) zoea III. Second maxilliped: (d) zoea I; (e) zoea II; (f) zoea II; Third maxilliped: (g) zoea III.
Figure 1 in Zoeal stages of Hiplyra variegata (Rüppell, 1830) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae) reared in the laboratory and collected from plankton at Al-Kharrar creek, central Red Sea
Figure 1. Hiplyra variegata (Rüppell, 1830), lateral view of carapace: (a) zoea I; (b) zoea II; (c) zoea III. Dorsal view of rostrum spine: (d) zoea I; (e) zoea II; (f) zoea III. Antennule: (g) zoea I; (i) zoea II; (k) zoea III. Antenna: (h) zoea I; (j) zoea II; (l) zoea III.
Figure 13 in Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory
Figure 13. Metapenaeus dalli Mysis III (a) lateral view; (b) first antenna; (c) second antenna; (d) mandible; (e) first maxilla; (f) second maxilla; (g) first maxilliped; (h) second maxilliped; (i) third maxilliped; (j) third pereiopod; (k) fifth pereiopod; (l) pleopods; (m) telson and uropods. Scale bars: a–c, g–m = 0.1 mm; d–f = 0.05 mm.
Figure 12. Metapenaeus dalli Mysis II in Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory
Figure 12. Metapenaeus dalli Mysis II (a) lateral view; (b) first antenna; (c) second antenna; (d) mandible; (e) first maxilla; (f) second maxilla; (g) first maxilliped; (h) second maxilliped; (i) third maxilliped; (j) third pereiopod; (k) fifth pereiopod; (l) telson and uropods. Abbreviated label (Pt. sp.) is pterygostomain spine. Scale bars: a–c, g–l = 0.1 mm; d–f = 0.05 mm.
Figure 9. Metapenaeus dalli Protozoea II in Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory
Figure 9. Metapenaeus dalli Protozoea II (a) dorsal view; (b) first antenna; (c) second antenna; (d) mandible; (e) first maxilla; (f) second maxilla; (g) first maxilliped; (h) second maxilliped; (i) third maxilliped. Scale bars: a–c, g–i = 0.1 mm; d–f = 0.05 mm.
Figure 4 in Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory
Figure 4. Metapenaeus dalli Nauplius III (a) ventral view; (b) first antenna; (c) second antenna; (d) mandible. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
Figure 3. Metapenaeus dalli Nauplius II in Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory
Figure 3. Metapenaeus dalli Nauplius II (a) ventral view; (b) first antenna; (c) second antenna; (d) mandible. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
Figure 1 in Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory
Figure 1. Morphological characters of penaeid larval stages adapted from Dall et al. (1990); (a) Nauplius I dorsal view; (b) Nauplius I lateral view; (c) Protozoea II dorsal view; (d) Protozoea II anterior section ventral view; (e) Mysis and post larva I lateral view; (f) Mysis and post larval tail fan. (g) Right mandible process of Protozoea, Mysis and post-larva sub-stages. Abbreviated labels include: End, endopod; Ex, exopod; 1st Ant, first antenna; 2nd Ant, second antenna; Mn, mandible; Rst sp, rostral spine; Ab somite, abdominal somite; 1st Mx, first maxilla; 2nd Mx, second maxilla; 1st Mxp, first maxilliped; 2nd Mxp, second maxilliped; 3rd Mxp, third maxilliped; 1st per, first pereiopod; 3rd per, third pereiopod; 5th per, fifth pereiopod. © Elsevier, license no. 3686250188613.
Figure 5. Metapenaeus dalli Nauplius IV in Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory
Figure 5. Metapenaeus dalli Nauplius IV (a) ventral view; (b) first antenna; (c) second antenna; (d) mandible. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
Figure 11. Metapenaeus dalli Mysis I in Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory
Figure 11. Metapenaeus dalli Mysis I (a) lateral view; (b) first antenna; (c) second antenna; (d) mandible; (e) first maxilla; (f) second maxilla; (g) first maxilliped; (h) second maxilliped; (i) third maxilliped; (j) third pereiopod; (k) fifth pereiopod; (l) telson and uropods. Scale bars: a–c, g– l = 0.1 mm; d–f = 0.05 mm.
Figure 10 in Larval development of the western school prawn Metapenaeus dalli Racek, 1957 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) reared in the laboratory
Figure 10. Metapenaeus dalli Protozoea III (a) dorsal view; (b) first antenna; (c) second antenna; (d) mandible; (e) first maxilla; (f) second maxilla; (g) first maxilliped; (h) second maxilliped; (i) third maxilliped; (j) periopod. Scale bars: a–c, g–i = 0.1 mm; d–f = 0.05 mm.
Code and data from: A mobile sex-determining region, male-specific haplotypes, and rearing environment influence age at maturity in Chinook salmon.
<p>Variation in age at maturity is an important contributor to life history and demographic variation within and among species. The optimal age at maturity can vary by sex, and the ability of each sex to evolve towards its fitness optimum depends on the genetic architecture of maturation. Using GWAS of RAD sequencing data, we show that age at maturity in Chinook salmon exhibits sex-specific genetic architecture, with age at maturity in males governed by large (up to 20Mb) male-specific haplotypes. These regions showed no such effect in females. We also provide evidence for translocation of the sex-determining gene between two different chromosomes. This has important implications for sexually antagonistic selection, particularly that sex-linkage of adaptive genes may differ within and among populations based on chromosomal location of the sex-determining gene. Our findings will facilitate research into the genetic causes of shifting demography in Chinook salmon as well as a better understanding of sex-determination in this species and Pacific salmon in general.</p>
Figure 3 in Description of two new Quadrastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reared from Litchiomyia chinensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on commercial lychee (Litchi chinensis; Sapindaceae) in Taiwan
Figure 3. Quadrastichus johnlasallei, female: (a) anterior head; (b) dorsolateral mesosoma; (c) dorsolateral propodeum; (d) lateral flagellum; (e) lateral clava. Q. johnlasallei, male: (f) lateral scape; (g) lateral antenna; (h) lateral clava.
FIGURE 30 in Phanuromyia ricaniae Nam, Lee & Talamas sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) reared from the eggs of Ricania shantungensis Chou & Lu (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) in Asia
FIGURE 30. Phanuromyia nabakovi Veenakumari, holotype, female 30 Metasoma, dorsal view.
Data from: Enriched rearing environment and wild genetic background can enhance survival and disease resistance of salmonid fishes during parasite epidemics
The importance and volume of aquaculture is increasing world-wide. Rearing practices play a key role in determining growth rate, survival and disease resistance in aquaculture fishes. Recent evidence suggests that in comparison with a standard stimulus-poor rearing environment, an enriched or variable rearing environment has significant positive effects on several traits underlying growth and well-being of fish. However, the effect of enriched rearing on one of the most important threats for aquaculture development, occurrence of parasitic infections, remains unknown. We used surveillance data of experimental salmonid populations of wild and hatchery origin under semi-natural parasite exposure to explore effects of enriched rearing on outbreaks of important aquaculture pathogens and associated fish mortalities in production-scale fish densities. We also conducted controlled parasite exposures to investigate if enriched rearing reduces susceptibility of fish to infection in comparison with standard rearing conditions. We found evidence of enriched rearing influencing survival and disease resistance of aquaculture fish during parasite epidemics. Essentially, populations from enriched rearing had a higher survival rate, lower parasite occurrence and greater resistance to most infections compared to fish held in standard rearing conditions. Similarly, fish of wild genetic background had lower mortality during some of the epidemics compared to fish of hatchery origin. However, we also demonstrate significant variation in these patterns and in some cases a tendency for opposite effects of enriched rearing and genetic background depending on the fish species and nature of the epidemic. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that parasitic infections and epidemics can be managed through enriched rearing conditions. This may have important implications for economically and ecologically sustainable parasite and disease prevention strategies in aquaculture.
Data from: Rearing group size determines social competence and brain structure in a cooperatively breeding cichlid
Social animals can greatly benefit from well-developed social skills. Because the frequency and diversity of social interactions often increase with the size of social groups, the benefits of advanced social skills can be expected to increase with group size. Variation in social skills often arises during ontogeny, depending on early social experience. Whether variation of social-group sizes affects development of social skills and related changes in brain structures remains unexplored. We investigated whether, in a cooperatively breeding cichlid, early group size (1) shapes social behavior and social skills and (2) induces lasting plastic changes in gross brain structures and (3) whether the development of social skills is confined to a sensitive ontogenetic period. Rearing-group size and the time juveniles spent in these groups interactively influenced the development of social skills and the relative sizes of four main brain regions. We did not detect a sensitive developmental period for the shaping of social behavior within the 2-month experience phase. Instead, our results suggest continuous plastic behavioral changes over time. We discuss how developmental effects on social behavior and brain architecture may adaptively tune phenotypes to their current or future environments.
Data from: Does phenotypic plasticity for adult size versus food level in Drosophila melanogaster evolve in response to adaptation to different rearing densities?
Recent studies using inbred lines of Drosophila have suggested that there is extensive genetic variability for phenotypic plasticity of body size versus food level. If true, we expect that the outcome of evolution at very different food levels should yield genotypes whose adult sizes show different patterns of phenotypic plasticity. We have tested this prediction with six independent populations of Drosophila melanogaster kept at extreme (low vs. high) densities for 125 generations. We found that the phenotypic plasticity of body size versus food level is not affected by selection or the presence of competitors of a different genotype. However, we document increasing among population variation in phenotypic plasticity due to random genetic drift. Several reasons are explored to explain these results including the possibility that the use of highly inbred lines to make inferences about the evolution of genetically variable populations may be misleading.
Data from: Genomewide association analyses of fitness traits in captive-reared Chinook salmon: applications in evaluating conservation strategies
A novel application of genome-wide association analyses is to use trait-associated loci to monitor the effects of conservation strategies on potentially adaptive genetic variation. Comparisons of fitness between captive- and wild-origin individuals, for example, do not reveal how captive rearing affects genetic variation underlying fitness traits or which traits are most susceptible to domestication selection. Here, we used data collected across four generations to identify loci associated with six traits in adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and then determined how two alternative management approaches for captive rearing affected variation at these loci. Loci associated with date of return to freshwater spawning grounds (return timing), length and weight at return, age at maturity, spawn timing, and daily growth coefficient were identified using 9108 restriction site-associated markers and Random Forest, an approach suitable for polygenic traits. Mapping of trait-associated loci, gene annotations, and integration of results across multiple studies revealed candidate regions involved in several fitness-related traits. Genotypes at trait-associated loci were then compared between two hatchery populations that were derived from the same source but are now managed as separate lines, one integrated with and one segregated from the wild population. While no broad scale change was detected across four generations, there were numerous regions where trait-associated loci overlapped with signatures of adaptive divergence previously identified in the two lines. Many regions, primarily with loci linked to return and spawn timing, were either unique to, or more divergent in, the segregated line, suggesting that these traits may be responding to domestication selection. This study is one of the first to utilize genomic approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness of a conservation strategy, managed gene flow, on trait-associated – and potentially adaptive – loci. The results will promote the development of trait-specific tools to better monitor genetic change in captive and wild populations.
Data from: Rearing background and exposure environment together explain higher survival of aquaculture fish during a bacterial outbreak
1. Parasitic diseases represent one of the greatest challenges for aquaculture worldwide and there is an increasing emphasis on ecological solutions to prevent infections. One proposed solution is enriched rearing, where traditional stimulus-poor rearing tanks are equipped with different types of structures to increase habitat complexity. Such spatial enrichment is known to increase survival of fish during parasite epidemics, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. 2. We studied whether enriched rearing affected infection of an important fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare in young Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sea-migrating brown trout (Salmo trutta). First, we used natural bacterial exposures and multiple fish populations in a common garden experiment to address the role of host genetic background in effects of enriched rearing. Second, fish from standard and enriched rearing were experimentally exposed to controlled bacterial doses in standard and enriched environments in a full factorial design to explore the relative roles of rearing background and environment of exposure on survival of fish. 3. Enriched rearing significantly increased survival of fish during the natural bacterial outbreak. This effect was also fairly consistent and observed in eight of the ten fish populations. In the controlled exposure, fish exposed in enriched environment had higher survival regardless of their rearing background, suggesting a stronger impact of the environment on the disease progression. Additionally, the survival in the enriched environment was highest among the fish of enriched rearing background, supporting the idea of their higher resistance. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our result suggests that the enhanced survival of fish in enriched rearing results from a combined effect of the environment and improved fish condition, and to a lesser degree from host genetic background. This has important implications for when and how environmental enrichment should be applied. Overall, these results indicate that environmental enrichment has the potential to improve survival of fish during parasitic epidemics and thus reduce use of antibiotics in aquaculture.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.