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Fig. 3. A–D in The land snail genus Pterocyclos Benson, 1832 (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae) from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, with descriptions of two new species
Fig. 3. A–D, Shell and operculum of Pterocyclos rupestris: A, lectotype UMZC 2359.1; B, paralectotype UMZC 2359.2; C, syntype of var. 3 UMZC 2359.3; D, operculum from same lot of the paralectotype (showing top, side and bottom views). E, F, Specimens of P. blandi from Langkawi Island, Perlis, Malaysia CUMZ 4582. G, Holotype UMZC 1032 of P. subalatus. H–J, Pterocyclos spaleotes: H, lectotype NMW 1955.158.01107, I, paralectotype NMW 1981.118.02705; J, topotype specimen CUMZ 4585. K, Holotype ZMA Moll. 135622 of P. umbraticus. L–P, Pterocyclos diluvium Sutcharit & Panha, new species: L, holotype CUMZ 4595, M, paratype CUMZ 4588, N, specimen from Gua Cenderawasih, Perlis, Malaysia CUMZ 4592; and O, P, specimens from Tam Tone-din, Kuan-Don, Satun, Thailand CUMZ 4590 showing a: O, uniform whitish shell; and P, dark brown colour patterns. Q–S, Pterocyclos frednaggsi Sutcharit & Panha, new species: Q, holotype CUMZ 4594; R, paratype CUMZ 4581; S, specimen from Gua Pulai, Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia CUMZ 4597.
Fig. 2. A–C in The land snail genus Pterocyclos Benson, 1832 (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae) from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, with descriptions of two new species
Fig. 2. A–C, General anatomy of Pterocyclos frednaggsi Sutcharit & Panha, new species, from Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia CUMZ 4944, showing: A, right side of male with testis and external penis; B, right side of female with ovary and vaginal groove; C, left side of female with lung cavity and heart. D, E, Radula morphology of: D, Pterocyclos spaleotes, topotype specimen CUMZ 4585; E, Pterocyclos frednaggsi Sutcharit & Panha, new species, paratype CUMZ 4581.
Fig. 1 in The land snail genus Pterocyclos Benson, 1832 (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae) from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, with descriptions of two new species
Fig. 1. Distribution map of Pterocyclos species examined in this study. The numbered locality names are detailed in Table 1. The approximate type locality of Pterocyclos subalatus, and Pterocyclos umbraticus, are indicated by locality numbers 3 and 5, respectively.
FIGURE 8 in A morphological, phylogenetic and phylogeographic reappraisal of the land crabs Gecarcinus quadratus De Saussure, 1853, and G. lateralis Fréminville in Guérin 1832 (Decapoda: Gecarcinidae). Are they different species?
FIGURE 8. Localities of Gecarcinus lateralis and G. quadratus analized. 1) Boca de Catán, Tamaulipas. 2) La Pesca, Tamaulipas. 3) Barra de Cazones, Veracruz. 4) Río Prieto, Veracruz. 5) Barra de Sontecomapan, Veracruz. 6) Chiltepec, Tabasco. 7) Playa Bruja, Tabasco. 8) Cayo Arcas, Campeche. 9) Arrecife Alacranes, Yucatán. 10) Banco Chinchorro, Quintana Roo. 11) Mahahual, Quintana Roo. 12) Puerto Vargas, Costa Rica. 13) Puerto Viejo, Costa Rica, 14) Bocas del Drago, Panamá. 15) Playa Higuera Blanca, Nayarit. 16) Punta Mita, Nayarit. 17) Estación de Biología Chamela, Jalisco. 18) Playa Troncones, Guerrero. 19) Playa Aragón, Oaxaca. 20) Boca del Cielo, Chiapas. 21) Playa Larga, Cuba.
FIGURE 4 in A morphological, phylogenetic and phylogeographic reappraisal of the land crabs Gecarcinus quadratus De Saussure, 1853, and G. lateralis Fréminville in Guérin 1832 (Decapoda: Gecarcinidae). Are they different species?
FIGURE 4. Maximum clade credibility tree based on Bayesian inference (BI) for Gecarcinus, Johngarthia and the outgroup, Cardisoma guanhumi, using the concatenated matrix of the 16S and COI genes. Probability values at the nodes refer to support values for BI and maximum likelihood (ML). In the assigned key for Mexican specimens, the last letter indicates the sex of the organism: male (M), female (H) or juvenile (JU), followed by the individual number. The organisms highlighted in red in the Atlantic Clade correspond to specimens from Costa Rica and Panama. See the locality list in table 1.
FIGURE 1 in A morphological, phylogenetic and phylogeographic reappraisal of the land crabs Gecarcinus quadratus De Saussure, 1853, and G. lateralis Fréminville in Guérin 1832 (Decapoda: Gecarcinidae). Are they different species?
FIGURE 1. Dorsal view of: A) Gecarcinus lateralis from Río Prieto, Veracruz (CNCR 33942) and B) G. quadratus from Barra de Boca del Cielo, Chiapas (CNCR 34630).
FIGURE 6 in A morphological, phylogenetic and phylogeographic reappraisal of the land crabs Gecarcinus quadratus De Saussure, 1853, and G. lateralis Fréminville in Guérin 1832 (Decapoda: Gecarcinidae). Are they different species?
FIGURE 6. Median-joining network for Gecarcinus quadratus based on the alignment of the mitochondrial gene COI. Each middle line indicates one mutational step between haplotypes. Circles represent different haplotypes and their diameters the frequency of each.
FIGURE 3 in A morphological, phylogenetic and phylogeographic reappraisal of the land crabs Gecarcinus quadratus De Saussure, 1853, and G. lateralis Fréminville in Guérin 1832 (Decapoda: Gecarcinidae). Are they different species?
FIGURE 3. Left male first gonopod (G1): Cephalic view, A) G. lateralis from Río Prieto, Veracruz (CNCR 33942); B) G. quadratus from Boca del Cielo, Chiapas (CNCR 34630). Lateral view, C) G. quadratus from Boca del Cielo, Chiapas (CNCR 34630). Ventral surface, D) G. lateralis female from Barra de Sontecomapan, Veracruz (CNCR 33943); E) G. quadratus female from Playa Higuera Blanca, Nayarit (CNCR 34012); F) G. ruricola male from Cuba (MNHN-IU-2017-8392). Frontal view, G) G. ruricola from Cuba (MNHN-IU-2017-8392) (G. ruricola photos modified from Guinot et al., 2018).
FIGURE 5 in A morphological, phylogenetic and phylogeographic reappraisal of the land crabs Gecarcinus quadratus De Saussure, 1853, and G. lateralis Fréminville in Guérin 1832 (Decapoda: Gecarcinidae). Are they different species?
FIGURE 5. Maximum likelihood tree (ML) for Gecarcinus, Johngarthia and the outgroup, Cardisoma guanhumi, using the 16S gene. Probability values at the nodes represent support values for likelihood (ML). In the assigned key for Mexican specimens, the last letter indicates whether the organism is male (M), female (H) or juvenile (JU) followed by the individual number. The organisms highlighted in red in the Atlantic Clade correspond to specimens from Costa Rica and Panama. See the locality list in table 1.
Abb. 19-27 in Die Heteropterensammlung Ernst Heiss im Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum. Teil V: Tingoidea, Familie Tingidae LAPORTE, 1832
Abb. 19-27: (19) Elasmotropis testacea ♁ (AUT Burgenland); (20) Eteonus sigillatus ♁ (IND Indien); (21) Galeatus affinis ♁ (DEU Bayern); (22) Galeatus major ♀ (TUN Tunesien); (23) Gitava distincta ♁ (RWA Ruanda); (24) Habrochila africana ♀ (KEN Kenya); (25) Hyalochiton syrmiensis ♀ (FRA Frankreich); (26) Kalama aethiops ♁ (FRA Frankreich); (27) Lasaicantha hedenborgi ♀ (TUR Türkei). Massstab 1mm; © A. Eckelt.
Abb. 37-45 in Die Heteropterensammlung Ernst Heiss im Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum. Teil V: Tingoidea, Familie Tingidae LAPORTE, 1832
Abb. 37-45: (37) Stephanitis oberti ♀ (NLD Niederlande); (38) Tingis pauperata ♁ (FRA Frankreich); (39) Tingis temperei ♁ (PT (FRA Frankreich); (40) Uhleritis debilis ♁ (PRK N-Korea); (41) Urentius hystricellus ♁ (SAU Saudi Arabien); (42) Aglotingis basilewskyi ♀ (COG Kongo); (43) Heissiella dryadis ♀ (IND Indien); (44) Kapiriella maynei ♁ (RWA Ruanda); (45) Teleonemia scrupulosa ♀ (KEN Kenya). Massstab 1mm; © A. Eckelt.
Abb. 1-9 in Die Heteropterensammlung Ernst Heiss im Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum. Teil V: Tingoidea, Familie Tingidae LAPORTE, 1832
Abb. 1-9: (1) Cantacader quadricornis ♀ (ESP Spanien); (2) Acalypta pulchra ♀ (GRC Makedonia); (3) Acalypta visolensis ♀ (ITA Italien); (4) Agramma atricapillum ♀ (HRV Kroatien); (5) Agramma subnotatum ♁ PT (IRQ Irak); (6) Ammianus philippinensis ♀ (PHL Philippinen); (7) Campylosteira verna ♀ (AUT Kärnten); (8) Catoplatus crassipes ♁ (GRC Griechenland); (9) Catoplatus hilaris ♀ (IRN Iran). Massstab 1mm; © A. Eckelt.
Abb. 28-36 in Die Heteropterensammlung Ernst Heiss im Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum. Teil V: Tingoidea, Familie Tingidae LAPORTE, 1832
Abb. 28-36: (28) Leptophya capitata ♁ (PRK N-Korea); (29) Magmara alfierii ♁ (ISR Israel); (30) Metasis populi ♁ (PRK N-Korea); (31) Monosteira lobulifera ♀ (CYP Zypern); (32) Oncochila simplex ♀ (DEU Brandenburg); (33) Paracopium cingalense ♀ (PAK Pakistan); (34) Phaenotropis cleopatra ♁ (PAK Pakistan); (35) Physatocheila municeps ♀ (IRN Iran); (36) Sphaerista emeljanovi (RUS Rusland). Massstab 1mm; © A. Eckelt.
FIGURES 4 – 6 in Solenoptera Audinet-Serville, 1832 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Solenopterini) in Cuba, with description of a new species
FIGURES 4 – 6. Solenoptera cubana (Zayas): PARATYPE female: 4) dorsal; 5) ventral; 6) lateral.
FIGURES 1 – 3 in Solenoptera Audinet-Serville, 1832 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Solenopterini) in Cuba, with description of a new species
FIGURES 1 – 3. Solenoptera cubana (Zayas): HOLOTYPE male: 1) dorsal; 2) ventral; 3) lateral.
FIGURE 11 in Solenoptera Audinet-Serville, 1832 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Solenopterini) in Cuba, with description of a new species
FIGURE 11. Distribution map of Solenoptera cubana (Zayas).
Population structure and demographic history of the gastropod Thaisella chocolata (Duclos, 1832) from the Southeast Pacific inferred from mitochondrial DNA analyses
<p>The present-day population structure of a species reflects the combination of oceanographic currents, life-history traits, and historical events. However, little is known about the mechanisms that have shaped the gene lineage distribution of marine species inhabiting the Southeast Pacific. Here we provide a comprehensive phylogeographical study of a species distributed along the Southeast Pacific coastal region by analyzing the endemic gastropod Thaisella chocolata (Duclos, 1832). Sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and 16S rRNA revealed strikingly high haplotypic nucleotide and genetic diversity but a lack of significant population differentiation within the survey area. In addition, a star-shaped phylogeny and significantly negative Tajima's D and Fu's Fs tests of neutrality suggested historical occurrence of rapid demographic expansion. Mismatch distributions and Bayesian inference analyses also confirmed T. chocolata to have undergone two ancestral demographic expansions. Calculations suggested that these expansions began in the lower and middle Pleistocene epoch, likely due to continental shelf development and climatic conditions. These findings could help establish a genetic baseline for T. chocolata as the first step toward sustainable spatial management of this species, as well as understand this species' response to future climate change.</p>
Figs. 1–6. Phyllodes spp. 1–3 – P in To the knowledge of the genus Phyllodes Boisduval, 1832 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Calpinae) from Laos
Figs. 1–6. Phyllodes spp. 1–3 – P. consobrina: 1 – female (Laos), dorsal view; 2 – female
Figs 34–40 in The Eastern Palaearctic parasitic wasps of the genus Spilomicrus Westwood, 1832 (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae)
Figs 34–40. Spilomicrus transversus sp. n. 34‒37, 39, 40 – female; 38 – male; 34 ‒ face;
Figs 8, 9. Spilomicrus spp. 8 ‒ S in The Eastern Palaearctic parasitic wasps of the genus Spilomicrus Westwood, 1832 (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae)
Figs 8, 9. Spilomicrus spp. 8 ‒ S. crassiclavis, face, frontal view (from Notton, 1999); 9
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