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8,998 results for “Adaptation”
FIG. 49 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations
FIG. 49. — Lateral view of innominate of some extinct cetaceans. A, Georgiacetus vogtlensis (GSM 350); B, Basilosaurus isis (CGM 42176, cast); C, Basilosaurus cetoides (USNM 12261); D, Chrysocetus healyorum (SCSM 87-195, cast, right innominate, reversed); E, Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917). Not to scale.
FIG. 48 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations
FIG. 48. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Left innominate: A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, medial view; D, ventral view. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 39 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations
FIG. 39. — Ribs transverse sections of Mystacodon, basilosaurids, and chaeomysticetes. A, Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype): section of an anterior-median (right?) rib of the thoracic cage in the median region of the diaphysis; B, Dorudon atrox (UM 101222): section of a left R4 at mid-diaphysis (reversed); C, Basilosaurus isis (WH 074): section of a left R4 at mid-diaphysis. B and C are reproduced from Houssaye et al. (2015). D, Piscobalaena nana (MNHN.F. SAS1618). E, Balaenoptera acutorostrata (IRSNB uncatalogued). Abbreviations: ant, anterior; med, medial. Scale bar: 1 cm.
FIG. 42 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations
FIG. 42. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Right humerus: A, lateral view; B, medial view; C, anterior view; D, posterior view. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 6 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations
FIG. 6. — Lateral view of the skull of Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). Oblique lines and grey-shaded regions indicate respectively broken and reconstructed parts. Scale bar: 20 cm.
FIG. 1 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations
FIG. 1. — Views of the extraction of the postcranial skeleton of Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917 holotype) at Playa Media Luna (Ica Department, Peru).
FIG. 27 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations
FIG. 27. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). A-C, right i2 or i3 (tooth I); D-F, left i3 or c (tooth II); G-I, right?p1 (tooth III); A, labial view; B, lingual view; C, occlusal view; D, labial view; E, lingual view; F, occlusal view; G, labial view, H, lingual view; I, occlusal view. Scale bar: 3 cm.
Data for: Cardiac and Respiratory Self-Gating in Radial MRI using an Adapted Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA-FARY)
<p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging measurement data used in our paper about self-gating with SSA-FARY (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2020.2985994">10.1109/TMI.2020.2985994</a>). Cardiac data was obtained from eight volunteers with no known illness using single-slice radial (SS), simultaneous multi-slice radial (SMS), and stack-of-stars (SoS) FLASH and bSSFP sequences and is provided in a file format used by the BART toolbox (DOI: <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.592960">10.5281/zenodo.592960</a>).</p>
Measurement of Absolute Retinal Blood Flow Using a Laser Doppler Velocimeter Combined with Adaptive Optics
<p><strong>Purpose</strong>: Development and validation of an absolute laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) based on an adaptive optical fundus camera which provides simultaneously high definition images of the fundus vessels and absolute maximal red blood cells (RBCs) velocity in order to calculate the absolute retinal blood flow.\newline<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: This new absolute laser Doppler velocimeter is combined with the adaptive optics fundus camera (rtx1, Imagine Eyes$^\copyright$,Orsay, France) outside its optical wavefront correction path. A 4 seconds recording includes 40 images, each synchronized with two Doppler shift power spectra. Image analysis provides the vessel diameter close to the probing beam and the velocity of the RBCs in the vessels are extracted from the Doppler spectral analysis. Combination of those values gives an average of the absolute retinal blood flow. An in vitro experiment consisting of latex microspheres flowing in water through a glass-capillary to simulate a blood vessel and in vivo measurements on six healthy humans were done to assess the device.\newline<br> <strong>Results</strong>: In the in vitro experiment, the calculated flow varied between 1.75µl/min and 25.9µl/min and was highly correlated (r<sup>2</sup>= 0.995) with the imposed flow by a syringe pump.<br> In the in vivo experiment, the error between the flow in the parent vessel and the sum of the flow in the daughter vessels was between -11% and 36% (mean±sd 5.7±18.5%). Retinal blood flow in the main temporal retinal veins of healthy subjects varied between 0.9 µL/min and 13.2µL/min.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This adaptive optics LDV prototype (aoLDV) allows the measurement of absolute retinal blood flow derived from the retinal vessel diameter and the maximum RBCs velocity in that vessel.</p>
Adaptive changes in the genomes of wild rabbits after 16 years of viral epidemics
<p>Since its introduction to control overabundant alien rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), the highly virulent Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV) has caused regular annual disease outbreaks in Australian rabbit populations. Although initially reducing rabbit abundance by 60%, continent-wide, experimental evidence has since indicated increased genetic resistance in wild rabbits that have experienced RHDV-driven selection. To identify genetic adaptations, which explain the increased resistance to this biocontrol virus, we investigated genome-wide SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) allele frequency changes in a South Australian rabbit population that was sampled in 1996 (pre-RHD genomes) and after 16 years of RHDV outbreaks. We identified several SNPs with changed allele frequencies within or in proximity of genes that have roles potentially important for increased RHD resistance. Many of the identified genes are known to be involved in virus infections or immunity, or had previously been identified as being differentially expressed in healthy vs. acutely RHDV-infected rabbits. Furthermore, we show in a simulation study that the allele/genotype frequency changes cannot be explained by drift alone, and that several candidate genes had also been identified as being associated with surviving RHD in a different Australian rabbit population. Our unique dataset allowed us to identify candidate genes for RHDV resistance that have evolved under natural conditions, and over a time span that would not have been feasible to study in an experimental setting. Moreover, it provides a rare example of host genetic adaptations to virus-driven selection in response to a suddenly emerging infectious disease.</p>
Adaptive introgression from maize has facilitated the establishment of teosinte as a noxious weed in Europe
<p>This is the total genotyoping matrix we used for the analyses.<br> The first line of the file contains the identifiers of the samples and each subsequent line the genotype at each SNP The first column contains the identifier of the SNPs.</p> <p>Genotype data for the 70 French teosintes was combined with published and available data for the following material: 40 accessions of Spanish teosintes (1), 314 accessions of parviglumis (2, 3), 332 accessions of mexicana (2, 3), 94 maize landraces from Meso- and Central-America (4) and 155 maize inbred lines from North-America and Europe (5)</p> <ol> <li> <p>Trtikova M, Lohn A, Binimelis R, Chapela I, Oehen B, Zemp N, Widmer A, Hilbeck A (2017) Teosinte in Europe – searching for the origin of a novel weed. Scientific Reports 7, 1560. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01478-w</p> </li> <li> <p>Aguirre-Liguori JA, Tenaillon MI, Vásquez-Lobo A, Gaut BS, Jaramillo-Correa JP, Montes-Hernandez S, Souza V, Eguiarte LE (2017) Connecting genomic patterns of local adaptation and niche suitability in teosintes. Molecular Ecology 26, 4226-4240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14203</p> </li> <li> <p>Pyhäjärvi T, Hufford MB, Mezmouk S, Ross-Ibarra J (2013) Complex patterns of local adaptation in teosinte. Genome Biology and Evolution 5, 1594–1609. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evt109</p> </li> <li> <p>Takuno S, Ralph P, Swarts K, Elshire RJ, Glaubitz JC, Buckler ES, Hufford MB, Ross-Ibarra J (2015) Independent molecular basis of convergent highland adaptation in maize. Genetics 200, 1297–1312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.115.17832</p> </li> <li> <p>Unterseer S, Pophaly SD, Peis R, Westermeier P, Mayer M, Seidel MA, Haberer G, Mayer KFX, Ordas B, Pausch H, Tellier A, Bauer , Schön CC (2016) A comprehensive study of the genomic differentiation between temperate Dent and Flint maize. Genome Biology 17, 137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-016-1009-x</p> </li> </ol>
Figure 2 in Reptiles as principal prey? Adaptations for durophagy and prey selection by jaguar (Panthera onca)
Figure 2. Percentage of Jaguar (Panthera onca) diet composed by peccaries or armadillos compared with cougars (Puma concolor). Jaguar prey more extensively over armoured and dangerous prey. Data were pooled from reviewed literature where faeces of cougars and jaguars were collected at the same site. Bars represents means while whiskers represent standard errors for each prey group.
The genome of the Xingu Scale-backed Antbird (Willisornis vidua nigrigula) reveals lineage-specific adaptations
<p>Antbirds (Thamnophilidae) are a large neotropical family of passerine bird renowned for the ant-following foraging strategies of several members of this clade. The high diversity of antbirds provides ample opportunity for speciation studies, however these studies can be hindered by the lack of an annotated antbird reference genome. In this study, we produced a high-quality annotated reference genome for the Xingu Scale-backed Antbird (<em>Willisornis vidua nigrigula</em>) using 10X Genomics Chromium linked-reads technology. The assembly is 1.09 Gb, with a scaffold N50 of 12.1 Mb and 17,475 annotated protein coding genes. We compare the proteome of <em>W. v. nigrigula</em> to several other passerines, and produce annotations for two additional antbird genomes in order to identify genes under lineage-specific positive selection and gene families with evidence for significant expansions in antbirds. Several of these genes have functions potentially related to the lineage-specific traits of antbirds, including adaptations for thermoregulation in a humid tropical environment.</p>
Example data set for 2D adaptive slice-specific z-shimming
<p>Input data and corresponding results for the scripts provided on github (https://github.com/neuroimaging-mug/R2s-mapping) for adpative slice-specific z-shimming in presence of macroscopic field variations.</p> <p>Please unzip all file in the repository path of ‘R2s-mapping’.</p>
Silene seeds from the Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Adaptation, University of Lodz (Poland)
<p>Seeds of <em>Silene </em>for the analysis of morphology (Martín Gómez et al.) obtained from the Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Adaptation, University of Lodz (Poland)Photos contains 40 seeds of:</p> <p><em>S. dioica</em>; <em>S. latifolia</em>; <em>S. latifolia</em> ssp. <em>alba </em>(x2); <em>S. mellifera</em>; <em>S. nutans </em>ssp.<em> dubia; S. uniflora.</em></p>
Testing for adaptive radiation: a new approach applied to Madagascar frogs
<div class="WordSection1"> <p>Adaptive radiation is a key topic at the intersection of ecology and evolutionary biology. Yet the definition and identification of adaptive radiation both remain contentious. Here, we introduce a new approach for identifying adaptive radiations which combines key aspects of two widely used definitions. Our approach compares evolutionary rates in morphology, performance, and diversification between the candidate radiation and other clades. We then apply this approach to a putative adaptive radiation of frogs from Madagascar (Mantellidae). We collect new data on morphology and performance from mantellid frogs and compare rates of diversification and multivariate evolution of size, shape, and performance between mantellids and other frogs. We find that mantellids potentially pass our test for accelerated rates of evolution for shape, but not for size, performance, or diversification. Our results demonstrate that clades can have accelerated phenotypic evolution without rapid diversification (dubbed "adaptive non-radiation"). We also highlight general issues in testing for adaptive radiation, including taxon sampling and the problem of including another adaptive radiation in the comparison clades. Finally, we suggest that similar tests should be conducted on other putative adaptive radiations on Madagascar, comparing their evolutionary rates to those of related clades outside Madagascar. Based on our results, we speculate that older Madagascar clades may show evolutionary patterns more similar to those on a continent than an island.</p> </div>
SCRUM framework adaptations - dataset of systematic mapping study, EclipseIDE project
<p>Dataset from the SCRUM framework adaptations systematic mapping study</p>
Participatory Conceptual Diagrams to research small-scale farmers´ information sharing for adapting to climate change in Mozambique
<p>Data collected from focus groups discussions with local communities of 4 distrcits of Mozambique in November 2019. The data are a series of conceptual maps describing a) the farming practices improvements most needed to adapt to climate change, and b) the most useful information for enabling the selected improvements, the most effective information sharing sources - e.g. institutional actors, members of the community, technical support, etc. - and means of communication - e.g. radio, mobile phone, word-of-mouth, etc. For the second purpose, connections were drawn by the members of the community between information sources and the actions needed for climate change adaptation. Participants also assigned a weight to the connections, selecting between: strong, medium or a weak connection.</p> <p>Notes about the discussions and opinions expressed by participants, written down by the research team, are also included.</p> <p>Together with the data, PDF files describing metadata and detailed methodology followed are included.</p>
Code and Data for: "Signs of local adaptation and phenotypic plastic response to elevation shifted between environmental backgrounds in Snapdragon plants"
<p>Code and data for manuscript: "Signs of local adaptation and phenotypic plastic response to elevation shifted between environmental backgrounds in Snapdragon plants"</p>
Figs 41–50 in New fossil genus and new extant species of diatoms (Stephanodiscaceae, Bacillariophyceae) from Pleistocene sediments in the Neotropics (Guatemala, Central America): adaptation to a changing environment?
Figs 41–50. Discostella gabinii Paillès & Sylvestre sp. nov., Lake Petén-Itzá (Guatemala); LM valve views. 41–42. Modern specimens of D. gabinii sp. nov. from Cenote Juarez. 43–44. Modern specimens of D. gabinii sp. nov. from Lake Amatitlan. 45–50. Type material of fossil lacustrine diatom D. gabinii sp. nov. 45. Holotype (MNHN, slide PC060873). 48–50. A shadow line is visible in large specimens. Scale bar = 10 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.