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1,803 results for “Annuals”
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient: Annual decomposition of a common substrate, 2004-2024
In this larger study, we are asking the question: Is old carbon that comprises the bulk of the soil organic matter pool released in response to thawing of permafrost? We are answering this question by using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure radiocarbon isotope ratios in soil organic matter, soil respiration, and dissolved organic carbon, in tundra ecosystems. The objective of these proposed measurements is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the SOM sources contributing to C losses following permafrost thawing. We are making these measurements at an established tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Field measurements center on a natural experiment where permafrost has been observed to warm and thaw over the past several decades. This area represents a gradient of sites each with a different degree of change due to permafrost thawing. As such, this area is unique for addressing questions at the time and spatial scales relevant for change in arctic ecosystems.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating and Drying Research (DryPEHR): Annual and growing season decomposition of a common substrate, 2012-2022
This drying and warming experiment addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem drying, warming and permafrost thaw cause a net release or uptake of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool influence ecosystem C loss? 3) How do drying and warmign affect plant communities and ecosystem properties? We are answering these questions using a combined warming and drying experiment (DryPEHR), which is situated with the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project and located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Warming treatment here refers to growing season air temperature warming (~1C) using open top chambers (OTC) combined with soil 'warming' using snow fences during the snow covered months. Drying is achieve using an automated pumping system that lowers the water table in the dry plots. Soil warming began in 2008; OTCs and drying in 2011.
Annual summer single-day measurements of the thermal environment with a bio-meteorological sensor under trees, shade structures, and sun-exposed areas in the Rio Salado Park in Tempe, AZ, USA
We have measured the thermal environment/bio-meteorological conditions under trees, shade structures, and at sun-exposed locations in the Rio Salado Park in Tempe, AZ, USA annually since 2018 on a clear sky, hot, sunny day in June/July to track shade performance of newly planted trees over time. Measurements were taken with a mobile bio-meteorological weather station, known as MaRTy (Middel & Krayenhoff, 2019; DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.085). Since the measurement campaign began, some of the trees have died, were removed, or their environment has changed due to external events such as a bridge collapse (2020-07-29).
Scrub Mangrove Annual Leaf Net Primary Production Data in Taylor River Slough, Florida Everglades, Florida, USA (FCE LTER): 2012-2021
Foliar Net Primary Productivity (NPPF) of monospecific Rhizophora mangle scrub mangroves (tree height <2.5m) was assessed using modified leaf-tagging techniques (direct count, ring tracking) in the lower Everglades Taylor Slough (FCE-LTER sites: TS/Ph6b and TS/Ph7b). Rings made with plastic zip ties were used to mark and track new and old leaves twice yearly (dry vs. wet season). During each sampling period, total old and new leaves were counted in previously selected branches in vegetated areas inside 20 x 20 m plots (replicates) in each site. Data collection is complete. This data set is analyzed and discussed in the publication Rivera-Monroy et al. Linking Scrub Mangroves Long-Term (2012-2021) Foliar Net Primary Productivity and Spatial Distribution in the Everglades (Florida, USA): A Leaf Tagging Approach
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Annual measurements on marked northern red oak seedlings, 2014-ongoing
Marked individual northern red oak seedlings were individually marked and mapped at 20 valleywide transects starting in summer 2011. This data set includes detailed seedling measures starting in summer 2014. The data were used to examine the impact of previous year seedling condition on whether the seedling survived in the next season. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Jornada Experimental Range (USDA-ARS) annual stocking rates for cattle, horses, and sheep, 1916-2001
This data package contains data on stocking rates for cattle, horses, and sheep on all pastures of the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range beginning in 1916. Grazing goats were infrequent and are therefore included as part of the sheep category. Stocking rates are expressed in animal unit month (AUM), which is based on metabolic weight and average amount of forage needed by each animal unit per month. Total AUM is calculated for each year for each animal unit. This study was completed in 2001 and will not be updated. NOTE: The USDA-ARS discontinued regular updates to this dataset after 2002 because of de-stocking.
Annual Net Primary Production on the Main Cropping System Experiment at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1990 to 2018)
Dataset Abstract Aboveground annual net primary production (ANPP) has been measured on the LTER main site since 1990 and on the successional and forested sites since 1993. ANPP is measured at peak biomass for a given treatment. In some systems with multiple harvests or complex communities that have peaks occurring at different times of the year, measurements are taken at multiple times per year. Additional ANPP measurements are made where appropriate using leaf litter traps, estimates of diameter from tree basal diameter and for the poplar treatment occasional destructive harvests. See the ANPP protocol for descriptions of the sampling and measurement methods for each of the treatments. original data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/22
GFE01 Ghost Fire: an experimental manipulation of fire effects on multi-trophic community dynamics in the ungrazed uplands of unburned and annually burned watersheds of Konza Prairie
Frequent burning is a common land practice in many grasslands worldwide, and this land use strategy has large impacts on a wide variety of ecosystem functions and services. Fire in tallgrass prairie, in the absence of grazing, alters plant community composition, decreases richness, and increases plant production. Proposed mechanisms for the changes in community composition and function are that fire decreases N availability (through volatilization) and removes litter (thereby increasing light availability and decreasing soil moisture). However, few experiments explicitly test these mechanisms, and those that do monitor short-term effects.Yet, the strength of these mechanisms likely differ over longer time scales, as other ecosystem attributes (e.g., plant community composition) change through time. Ghost Fire aims to determine the mechanisms behind community and ecosystem differences between annually burned grassland and 20-year burned grassland (hereafter called unburned) by experimentally manipulating N availability and litter. We impose litter and N conditions found in unburned grassland onto annually burned grassland, and litter and N conditions typically found in annually burned grassland onto unburned grassland. Importantly, Ghost Fire monitors both below-and above-ground plant community and ecosystem dynamics as well other dimensions of the ecosystem including microbial and mycorrhizal communities and insect community composition and biomass.
AMC01 Growing season microclimate by topographic position for annually-burned and 4-yr burned watersheds at Konza Prairie
Dataset contains 30min averages of many variables used to record changes in microclimatic conditions. Microclimate sensor stations were arrayed in discrete topographic positions (upland, slope, lowland) in 4 watersheds: 1D, 1B, 4B, 4F. No microclimate sensor stations were present in upland-1D or lowland-4B because eddy flux towers are present in these locations. Similar microclimate data is available from these flux towers during the time period of this study.
ANA01 Weekly, seasonal and annual measurement of precipitation volume and chemistry collected as part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program at Konza Prairie
Data set contains results of chemical analysis of wetfall samples collected on Konza Prairie. Analysis is done by the Central Analytical Lab (CAL), Champaign, IL as part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP). NADP data products available on the NADP/NTN web site (nadp.slh.wisc.edu/data/NTN/) include: Annual Data Summaries, Semiannual Data Reports, Annual and Seasonal Averages, Monthly Averages, and Weekly data. Konza Prairie LTER archives and provides the weekly data in electronic form before May 2019.
CPC01 Annual census of Greater Prairie Chickens on leks at Konza Prairie
Location of leks and number of birds per lek are censused during late April and early May across Konza Prairie to document year to year densities of greater prairie chickens. This dataset is continued by CPC02 after 04/19/1999.
CSA02 Soil Macroarthropod densities and biomass on annually burned and unburned watersheds
Belowground densities and biomass of macroarthropods on annually were measured by hand-sorting techniques. Total herbivore biomass was greater in soils of annually burned sites, and was composed largely of white grubs (Scarabaeidae).
PTN01 Aboveground net primary productivity along transects spanning topographic gradients on an annually burned and unburned watershed at Konza Prairie
In 1989, single transects spanning upland-lowland-upland topographic positions were established in a long-term unburned (0020B) and an annually burned (001D) watershed. Standing crop biomass data were collected in late season at 11 sites along each transect and sorted into live graminoids, forbs and woody plants, current year's dead, and previous years dead vegetation. Four 0.1 m2 quadrats were harvested at each of the 11 sites per watershed and all data except previous years' dead were combined to provide an estimate of aboveground NPP. In 1993, soil moisture measurements began along each transect at 15 and 30 cm depths (where possible) with a Time Domain Reflectomerty (TDR) system. Measurements were made twice a month from March - October and intermittently during the winter months.
PAB02 Biweekly measurement of aboveground net primary productivity on an unburned and annually burned watershed at Konza Prairie
Data set contains estimates of standing crop biomass (grams per square meter) of live graminoids, forbs, woody plants, current year's dead, and previous year's dead vegetation. Twenty quadrats (0.1 square meters) are harvested for each watershed (001a and 020a) on each sample date.
Geospatial data for Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Mean annual precipitation, elevation, watershed outlines, and rain gage locations
The data archive is here: https://doi.org/10.5066/F74F1PM2 please use this DOI when citing this data set. These geospatial data sets were developed as part of a new analysis of all known current and historical rain gages in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico published in the journal article Murphy, S.F., Stallard, R.F., Scholl, M.A., Gonzalez, G., and Torres-Sanchez, A.J., 2017, Reassessing rainfall in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Local and global ecohydrological implications: PLOS One 12(7): e0180987, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180987. That article provides a revised map of mean annual precipitation developed using elevation regression functions and residual interpolation, and that map is presented here in a raster file. Most previous forest- and watershed-wide estimates of precipitation (and evapotranspiration, as inferred by a water balance) have assumed that precipitation increases consistently with elevation in the Luquillo Mountains; therefore, precipitation in leeward Luquillo watersheds has been overestimated by up to 40%.Because the Luquillo Mountains often serve as a wet tropical archetype in global assessments of basic ecohydrological processes, these revised estimates are relevant to regional and global assessments of runoff efficiency, hydrologic effects of reforestation, geomorphic processes, and climate change. \<para\> Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.\</para\>
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Long-Term Coral Population and Community Dynamics: Annual Island Wide Coral Demography Survey 2011 ongoing
Demographic performance (recruitment, growth, and survival) are quantified annually for multiple individual colonies of the three most common genera (Acropora, Pocillopora, Porites) at both backreef and forereef sites. Each coral was tagged in 2011 and subsequently sampled again in 2012 to track colony growth and mortality dynamics. However, since 2013, investigators have transitioned to identifying coral through detailed mapping methodology and will continue to identify corals using this method in the subsequent years. The mapping system developed in 2013 provides data appropriate for detailed demographic study of coral on varying spatial scales around the island. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2022). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
Chlorophyll and phaeopigments from water column samples, collected at selected depths aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1991-2024.
Phytoplankton chlorophyll sampling was led by Smith from 1991-2002, and then by Vernet from 2003-2008. Schofield is the third, and current lead, beginning in 2009. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) is the principal photosynthetic pigment of phytoplankton, and is used as a proxy measurement for estimating phytoplankton biomass in water samples. Chl a concentrations reflect the distribution of active phytoplankton spatially and with depth in the water column and their changes over time. Phaeopigments are non-photosynthetic pigments that are degradation products of phytoplankton chlorophylls which form during and after phytoplankton blooms. Water samples are collected throughout the water column along the Western Antarctic Peninsula at regular LTER grid stations where CTD casts are preformed and in surface waters at underway stations, where CTD casts are not done, using the ship's flow-through seawater system. Chlorophyll and phaeopigment concentrations are determined by filtration, extraction, and fluorometric detection of samples. The primary source of error for phaeopigment measurement is Chlorophyll b. If high amounts of Chlorophyll b are present in the sample, phaeopigments may be overestimated.
Larval euphausiids collected using a 1 x 1 m square frame net with 333-μm mesh aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1993-2013
Euphausiids (krill) are abundant along the Western Antarctic Peninsula where they have important impacts on the marine ecosystem and biogeochemical cycling. Euphausiids develop through a series of morphologically distinct larval stages within the first year of their life cycle. The calyptopis stages are followed by the furcilia stages before individuals recruit to the post-larval population. Larvae collected during Janury were most likely spawned during the preceding weeks or months of Antarctic spring/summer. Euphausia superba and Thysanoessa macrura are the most abundant euphausiid species along the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Euphausia crystallorophias, Euphausia frigida, and Euphausia triacantha are present but less abundant in the region. Samples were collected with a 1 x 1 m square frame net with 333-μm mesh towed obliquely to a depth of typically 300 m. Density of total calyptopis and furcilia larvae (all species combined) was determined for a subset of samples collected on the annual Palmer LTER cruises to cover the latitudinal and cross-shelf gradients of the study region. Larval euphausiid abundance varies spatially as spawning output is not homogeneous across the region. Larval euphausiid abundance also varies year-to-year due to changes in population demographics and environmental conditions.
Water column primary production from inorganic carbon uptake for 24h at simulated in situ (SIS) light levels in deck incubators, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1995 – 2023.
Primary Production experiments were led by Vernet from 1995-2008. Schofield is the current lead, beginning in 2009. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Primary production is the uptake of inorganic carbon and assimilation of it into organic matter by phytoplankton. Primary production rates, expressed as mgC per m3 per day were measured by the uptake of radioactive (14C) sodium bicarbonate. Water samples are collected throughout the water column at stations along the Western Antarctica Peninsula at regular PAL-LTER grid stations. Water is put into borosilicate bottles, inoculated with 1 uCi of NaH14CO3 per bottle, and incubated in an outdoor deck incubator. The incubator is plumbed to the ship sea water system to maintain ambient seawater temperature and bottles are screened to in situ light levels. The uptake of 14C-bicarbonate by the phytoplankton was measured in a scintillation counter after a 24-hour incubation period. Data is unavailable for the LMG16-01 cruise due to measurement issues. Data is temporarily unavailable for the LMG20-01 cruise. Primary production experiments were not conducted during the 2022 (NBP21-13) nor 2024 (LMG24-01) cruises. There was no cruise in the austral summer of 2021.
Photosynthetic pigments of water column samples and analyzed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctica Peninsula, 1991-2024.
Phytoplankton pigment sampling was led by Prezelin from 1991-1994, and then by Vernet from 1995-2008. Schofield is the third, and current lead, beginning in 2009. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Phytoplankton have a suite of accessory pigments in addition to Chlorophyll a, including other Chlorophyll's (e.g. Chlorophyll b), Xanthophylls, and Carotenes. These accessory pigments can be used as chemotaxonomic markers to assess the composition and distribution of the phytoplankton community. For example, Fucoxanthin is a marker pigment of Diatoms, whereas Alloxanthin is a marker pigment of Cryptophytes. Accessory pigments also assist in photoacclimation and photoprotective processes. Water samples are collected throughout the water column along the Western Antarctic Peninsula at regular LTER grid stations where CTD casts are preformed and in surface waters at underway stations, where CTD casts are not done, using the ship's flow-through seawater system. Water samples are filtered onto GF/F filters, and filters kept frozen at -80C until analysis. HPLC analysis is completed following Wright et al (1991). Following the guidelines set by NASA SeaHARRE, we use an internal standard and replicate injects on the HPLC to track recovery and replicability of the pigment extraction methods and the HPLC. Data is unavailable for the LMG10-01 cruise due to instrumentation problems and for the LMG12-01 cruise due to a freezer failure which resulted in the loss of samples. There is no data for 2021 because there was no LTER cruise.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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