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Figure 4 in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 4. Kruskal-Wallis comparative analysis of ecological parameters with significant values for Saturniidae assemblage structure between rainy and dry periods from January 1987 to December 1992. Abundance (A), Species Richness (B), and Diversity Shannon-Wiener (C) and Simpson (D). Vale Nature Reserve, Linhares, ES, Brazil. / Análisis comparativo de Kruskal-Wallis de parámetros ecológicos con valores significativos para la estructura de ensamblaje de Saturniidae entre perÍodos lluviosos y secos desde enero de 1987 a diciembre de 1992. Abundancia (A), riqueza de especies (B) y diversidad Shannon-Wiener (C) y Simpson (D). Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, ES, Brasil.

Figure 5 in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 5. "Kruskal-Wallis" comparative analysis of ecological parameter with significant values for the assembly structure of Saturnidae collected at Vale Natural Reserve, Linhares, ES, Brazil, between the dry and rainy seasons of January 1987 to December 1992. Dominance (A), Wealth (B), Shannon-Wierner diversity (C) and Simpson diversity (D) / Análisis comparativo "Kruskal-Wallis" de parámetros ecológicos con valores significativos para la estructura de ensamblaje de Saturnidae recolectados en la Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, ES, Brasil, entre las estaciones seca y lluviosa de enero de 1987 a diciembre de 1992. Dominancia (A), Riqueza (B), diversidad de Shannon-Wierner (C) y diversidad de Simpson (D).

Figure 2. Collector curve for samplings from 1987 in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 2. Collector curve for samplings from 1987 to 1992. The median line is representing the mean and external lines the standard deviation. Vale Nature Reserve, Linhares, ES, Brazil. / Curva colectora para muestreos de 1987 a 1992. La lÍnea mediana representa la media y las lÍneas externas la desviación estándar. Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, ES, Brasil.

Figure 3 in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 3. Kruskal-Wallis comparative analysis of ecological parameters with significant values for Saturniidae assemblage structure between rainy and dry periods from January 1987 to December 1992. Richness (A) and Abundance (B). Vale Nature Reserve, Linhares, ES, Brazil. / Análisis comparativo de Kruskal-Wallis de parámetros ecológicos con valores significativos para la estructura del ensamblaje de Saturniidae entre perÍodos lluviosos y secos desde enero de 1987 a diciembre de

Figure 1. Study area. A in Seasonal analysis of Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) in a remaining Atlantic Forest in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Figure 1. Study area. A) Location in South America. B) Location in the state of EspÍrito Santo. C) Location of sampled points (yellow stars). Vale Nature Reserve, municipality of Linhares-ES. / Área de estudio. A) Ubicación en América del Sur. B) Ubicación en el Estado de EspÍrito Santo. C) Ubicación de los puntos muestreados (estrellas amarillas). Reserva Natural de Vale, municipio de Linhares-ES.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Floristic survey of vascular plants of a poorly known area in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Flona do Rio Preto, Espírito Santo)

The Atlantic Forest is one of the most threatened biomes in the world. Despite that, this biome still includes many areas that are poorly known floristically, including several protected areas such as the "Floresta Nacional do Rio Preto" ("Flona do Rio Preto"), located in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. This study used a published vascular plant species list for this protected area from the "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil" as the basis to synthesize the species richness, endemism, conservation, and new species occurrences found in the "Flona do Rio Preto". The published list of vascular plants was based on field expeditions conducted between 2018-2020 and data obtained from herbarium collections available in online databases. Overall, 722 species were documented for the "Flona do Rio Preto", 711 of which are native to Brazil, and 349 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. In addition, 60 species are geographically disjunct between the Atlantic and the Amazon forests. Most of the documented species are woody, and more than 50% of these are trees. Twenty-three species are threatened (CR, EN, and VU), while five are Data Deficient (DD). Thirty-two species are new records for the state of Espírito Santo. Our results expand the knowledge of the flora of the Atlantic Forest and provide support for the development of new conservation policies for this protected area.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2018View details →

Fig. 7 in Four new species of Xiphocentron Brauer, 1870 (Trichoptera: Xiphocentronidae) from the Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil

Fig. 7. Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) redentor sp. nov., holotype, adult, ♂, genitalia. A. Left lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view. D. Phallus apex, left lateral view. E. Phallus, apex in dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

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Functional assembly of tropical montane tree islands in the Atlantic Forest is shaped by stress-tolerance, bamboo-presence and facilitation

Aims: Amidst the Campos de Altitude (Highland Grasslands) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, woody communities grow either clustered in tree islands or interspersed within the herbaceous matrix. The functional ecology, diversity and biotic processes shaping these plant communities are largely unstudied. We characterised the functional assembly and diversity of these tropical montane woody communities and investigated how they fit within Grime's CSR (C – competitor, S – stress-tolerant, R – ruderal) scheme, what functional trade-offs they exhibit and how traits and functional diversity vary in response to bamboo presence/absence. Methods: To characterize the functional composition of the community, we sampled five leaf traits and wood density along transects covering the woody communities both inside tree islands and outside (i.e. isolated woody plants in the grasslands community) . Then, we used Mann Whitney test, t-test and variation partitioning to determine the effects of inside vs outside tree island and bamboo presence on community weighted means, woody species diversity and functional diversity. Results: We found a general SC/S strategy with drought-related functional trade-offs. Woody plants in tree islands had more acquisitive traits than those within the grasslands. Trait variation was mostly taxonomically than spatially driven, and species composition varied between inside and outside tree islands. Leaf thickness, wood density and foliar water uptake were unrelated to CSR-strategies, suggesting independent trait dimensions and multiple drought-coping strategies within the predominant S-strategy. Islands with bamboo presence showed lower Simpson diversity, lower functional dispersion, lower foliar water uptake and greater leaf thickness than in tree islands without bamboo. Conclusions: The observed functional assembly hints towards large-scale environmental abiotic filtering shaping stress-tolerant community strategy, and small-scale biotic interactions driving small-scale trait variation. We recommend experimental studies with fire, facilitation treatments, eco-physiological and recruitment traits to elucidate on tree island expansion and communities response to climate change.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Fig. 7 in Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Fig. 7. Patterns of distribution, richness, abundance and endemism for Hornschuchia Nees. In green the legal delimitation of the Atlantic Forest and forest remnants. A. Distribution of Hornschuchia, 105 points of occurrence. B. Species richness of Hornschuchia. C. Species abundance of Hornschuchia. D. Bioregions found by InfoMap Bioregions for Hornschuchia. Abbreviations: BA = Bahia; ES = Espírito Santo; MG = Minas Gerais; RJ= Rio de Janeiro.

Fig. 6 in Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Fig. 6. Geographical distribution of Hornschuchia mellosilvae L.Vilela & J.C.Lopes, H. polyantha Maas and H. santosii D.M.Johnson. Abbreviations: BA = Bahia.

Fig. 5 in Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Fig. 5. Geographical distribution of Hornschuchia mediterranea Mello-Silva & D.M.Johnson, H. myrtillus Nees and H. obliqua Maas & Setten. Abbreviations: BA = Bahia; ES = Espírito Santo.

Fig. 3 in Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Fig. 3. Geographical distribution of Hornschuchia cauliflora Maas & Setten, H. citriodora D.M.Johnson, H. leptandra D.M.Johnson and H. lianarum D.M.Johnson. Abbreviations: BA = Bahia; ES = Espírito Santo; MG = Minas Gerais.

Fig. 4 in Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Fig. 4. Morphological characters of some species of Hornschuchia Nees. A. H. citriodora D.M.Johnson, branch with flower (J. Kallunki 342, SPF). B–C. H. mediterranea Mello-Silva & D.M.Johnson (W. Thomas 12313, NY). B. Floral bud. C. Flower. D. H. obliqua Maas & Setten, branch with terminal ramified inflorescence (A.M. Carvalho 798, NY). E. H. santosii D.M.Johnson, monocarp (P. Fiaschi 1226, SPF). Drawing by Laura Montserrat.

Fig. 2 in Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Fig. 2. Morphological characters of Hornschuchia bryotrophe Nees. A. Habit, showing the cauliflorous inflorescence emerging from the base of the trunk with inflorescence branches highly ramified (J.C. Lopes 111, SPF). B. Inflorescence branch with floral buds (J.R. Pirani 3074, SPF). C. Flower (L.F.S. Magnago 1646, SPF). D. Monocarp (C. Roccini 7, SPF). Drawing by Laura Montserrat.

Behavior preferences between medium-large mammals in Atlantic Forest and Cerrado inside a public university of Southeastern Brazil

We studied large and medium-sized mammals in a modified landscape between the Atlantic Forest and a Cerrado transitional zone (Brazil). We used eight camera traps between August 2016 and August 2017, totaling 75840 camera hours or 3,160 camera trap days. The sampling effort was evaluated from a rarefaction curve based on the daily sampling. We conducted comparative univariate and multivariate ordination statistical analyses. We recorded 19 species in 13 families. The most recorded species were S. scrofa and Cerdocyon thous , while the least recorded were Cuniculus paca, Didelphis albiventris and Tamandua tetradactyla. Richness and total records do not differ among day period, month, season, vegetation type, and moon phase. Individually, species abundance nevertheless sometimes showed trends for these factors. S. scrofa dominated all landscapes and periods of the year because it is an opportunist species that rapidly reproduces and lacks natural efficient predators. The presence of this species reduces the dissimilarity of the community, but when it is removed, the dissimilarity of native species increases. The modified landscape studied here is an important area for mammalian fauna owing to high richness; some species in the area are threatened with extinction. The wide temporal sampling effort contributed to a high number of mammal species records, although without spatial variation.

Fig. 17 in A revision of Discodon tricolor (Guérin-Méneville) and its mimics from the Atlantic forests of Brazil (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)

Fig. 17. Coleoptera species with the same colour pattern as Discodon tricolor species complex A. Chauliognathus fenestratus (Perty, 1830) from Itatiaia, RJ (MZSP 30588). B. Bicellonycha sp. from Pindamonhangaba, SP (MZSP 45596). C. Pyrogaster sp. from Nova Teutônia, SC (MZSP 45597). D. Ibitiruna fenestrata (Bates, 1881) from Mafra, SC (MZSP 45595). E. Homalocerus bimaculatus Vanin, 2014 from São Paulo state (holotype, NMPC) (photo modified from Vanin 2014).

Fig. 15 in A revision of Discodon tricolor (Guérin-Méneville) and its mimics from the Atlantic forests of Brazil (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)

Fig. 15. Ventrite VII of females. A. Discodon tricolor (Guérin-Méneville, 1832). B. Discodon neoteutonum sp. nov. C. Discodon vanini sp. nov. D. Discodon obscurior Pic, 1906 stat. nov. E. Discodon lineaticorne sp. nov. F. Discodon aurimaculatum sp. nov. G. Discodon marginicolle sp. nov. H. Discodon tenuecostatum sp. nov. I. Discodon tamoio sp. nov. J. Discodon viridimontanum sp. nov. K. Discodon testaceipes Pic, 1930 stat. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 14 in A revision of Discodon tricolor (Guérin-Méneville) and its mimics from the Atlantic forests of Brazil (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)

Fig. 14. Aedeagus, Discodon testaceipes Pic, 1930 stat. nov., syntype (NHMB) A. Dorsal. B. Laterodorsal. C. Lateral. Photos by Matthias Borer (NHMB). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 13 in A revision of Discodon tricolor (Guérin-Méneville) and its mimics from the Atlantic forests of Brazil (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)

Fig. 13. Aedeagus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views. A–C. Discodon tamoio sp. nov. D–F. Discodon viridimontanum sp. nov. G–J. Discodon crassipes Wittmer, 1952. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 10 in A revision of Discodon tricolor (Guérin-Méneville) and its mimics from the Atlantic forests of Brazil (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)

Fig. 10. Ventrite VII of males. A. Discodon tricolor (Guérin-Méneville, 1832). B. Discodon neoteutonum sp. nov. C. Discodon vanini sp. nov. D. Discodon obscurior Pic, 1906 stat. nov. E. Discodon lineaticorne sp. nov. F. Discodon aurimaculatum sp. nov. G. Discodon marginicolle sp. nov. H. Discodon tenuecostatum sp. nov. I. Discodon tamoio sp. nov. J. Discodon viridimontanum sp. nov. K. Discodon crassipes Wittmer, 1952. Scale bar = 1 mm.