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823 results for “Attachment”
Tsuga mertensiana (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Image of Tsuga mertensiana (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Tsuga mertensiana (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Image of Tsuga mertensiana (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Abies lasiocarpa (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Image of Abies lasiocarpa (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Image of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Image of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Tsuga heterophylla (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Image of Tsuga heterophylla (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Picea sitchensis (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Image of Picea sitchensis (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Abies grandis (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Image of Abies grandis (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Thuja plicata (Cupressaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Image of Thuja plicata (Cupressaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Pinus rigida (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Image of Pinus rigida (Pinaceae) - twig - showing attachment of needles
Strong attachment as an adaptation of flightless weevils on windy oceanic islands
<p>Enhanced attachment ability is common in plants on islands to avoid potential fatal passive dispersal. However, whether island insects also have increased attachment ability remains unclear. Here we measured the attachment of a flightless weevil, Pachyrhynchus sarcitis kotoensis, from tropical islands, and compared it with documented arthropods from the mainland. We examined the morphology and material gradient of its attachment devices to identify the specific adaptive modifications for attachment. We find that the weevil has much stronger attachment force and higher safety factor than previously studied arthropods, regardless of body size and substrate roughness. This probably results from the specific flexible bases of the adhesive setae on the third footpad of the legs. This softer material on the setal base has not been reported hitherto and we suggest that it acts as a flexible hinge to form intimate contact to substrate more effectively. By contrast, no morphological difference in tarsomeres and setae between the weevil and other beetles is observed. Our results show the remarkably strong attachment of an island insect and highlights the potential adaptive benefits of strong attachment in windy island environment. The unique soft bases of the adhesive hairs may inspire the development of strong biomimetic adhesives.</p>
Рис. 17. Выброшенная раковина анадары (Anadara broughtonii) на пляЖе б. Теляковского с прикрепившимися риЗоидами водорослей. Fig. 17. A stranded blood cockle shell (Anadara broughtonii) with attached algae rhizoids on the beach of Telyakovskogo Bay. in Mollusks from the shell-midden of the Telyakovskogo 2 site in southern Primorye (Yankovskaya culture), their paleoecology and role in paleoeconomy
Рис. 17. Выброшенная раковина анадары (Anadara broughtonii) на пляЖе б. Теляковского с прикрепившимися риЗоидами водорослей. Fig. 17. A stranded blood cockle shell (Anadara broughtonii) with attached algae rhizoids on the beach of Telyakovskogo Bay.
SI Figure 4: SEM images of either unwashed (left) or washed (right) E. antarcticus nematodes. A. Unwashed head region with arrows pointing to attached material and possible fungal hyphae. B. Washed head region with arrows pointing to the remaining attached material. C. Unwashed annules with arrows pointing to commonly attached foreign material. D. Washed annules with arrows pointing to remaining attached material. E. Unwashed somatic pore with arrows pointing to the common organic material. F. Washed vulva with an arrow pointing to remaining attached organic material. G. Unwashed cuticle with arrows showing a possible biofilm. H. Washed cuticle showing single attached cells indicated with arrows. I. Unwashed cuticle showing an off-axis line of attached material. J. Washed cuticle showing a similar off-axis line of material (as indicated with arrow) but reduced in quantity compared to the unwashed. in External and internal microbiomes of Antarctic nematodes are distinct, but more similar to each other than the surrounding environment
SI Figure 4: SEM images of either unwashed (left) or washed (right) E. antarcticus nematodes. A. Unwashed head region with arrows pointing to attached material and possible fungal hyphae. B. Washed head region with arrows pointing to the remaining attached material. C. Unwashed annules with arrows pointing to commonly attached foreign material. D. Washed annules with arrows pointing to remaining attached material. E. Unwashed somatic pore with arrows pointing to the common organic material. F. Washed vulva with an arrow pointing to remaining attached organic material. G. Unwashed cuticle with arrows showing a possible biofilm. H. Washed cuticle showing single attached cells indicated with arrows. I. Unwashed cuticle showing an off-axis line of attached material. J. Washed cuticle showing a similar off-axis line of material (as indicated with arrow) but reduced in quantity compared to the unwashed.
Fig. 9 in Muscle attachment scars in helcionelloids from Denmark cast light on mollusc evolution in the Cambrian
Fig. 9. Muscle scars on internal mould of the rostroconch Ribeiria Sharpe, 1853, in lateral view. Both the anterior and posterior median muscle scars lie across the median dorsal plane of symmetry, the former attached to the transverse pegma preserved as a deep cleft on the internal mould. The posterior scar is a uniform attachment area, often ornamented with transverse growth lines, unlike the multiple small scars of Eotebenna (based on Pojeta and Runnegar 1976; Polechova 2015).
Fig. 7 in Muscle attachment scars in helcionelloids from Denmark cast light on mollusc evolution in the Cambrian
Fig. 7. Muscle scars on internal moulds of Palaeozoic bivalves. A. Left valve of Babinka Barrande, 1881, from the Lower Ordovician of Öland, Sweden (after Soot-Ryen 1969, length of specimen about 20 mm). B. Left valve of Palaeoneilo musculosa (Knod, 1908) from the Devonian of Bolivia (after Babin and Farjat 1994, length of specimens about 20 mm). C, D. Sketches in apical view showing asymmetry between pedal muscle scars (black) on internal molds of Palaeoneilo musculosa between left and right valves, and variation in pattern of pedal muscle between specimens (after Babin and Farjat 1994). Abbreviation: am, anterior adductor muscle scar.
Fig. 8 in Muscle attachment scars in helcionelloids from Denmark cast light on mollusc evolution in the Cambrian
Fig. 8. Muscle scars on internal moulds of helcionelloids. All sketches oriented in lateral view with the apex to the right. A. Vendrascospira frykmani Peel and Kouchinsky, 2022 (after Peel 2023). B. Anhuiconus microtuberus Zhou and Xiao, 1984 (after Parkhaev 2002). C. Hensoniconus siku (Peel and Kouchinsky, 2022) (after Peel 2023). D. Bemella communis Parkhaev, 2001 showing three pairs of muscle scars (black, after Parkhaev 2014b); Li et al. 2021) considered the two pairs of scars on the supra-apical surface (joined by grey) to be traces of a single pair of scars. E. Yochelcionella (based on outline of Yochelcionella ostentata Runnegar and Jell, 1974) showing pair of apical muscle scars described by Vendrasco et al. (2010) in Yochelcionella snorkorum Vendrasco, Porter, Kouchinsky, Li, and Fernandez, 2010. F. Eotebenna danica sp. nov., with multiple scars forming a muscle attachment area at the apex.
Fig. 6 in Muscle attachment scars in helcionelloids from Denmark cast light on mollusc evolution in the Cambrian
Fig. 6. Surface textures on internal mould of a helcionelloid mollusc Vendrascospira frykmani Peel and Kouchinsky, 2022, PMU 39208 from GGU sample 271492, Henson Gletscher Formation, Løndal, Peary Land, North Greenland, Miaolingian, middle Cambrian. A1. Lateral view with one muscle attachment scar from each of the two pairs of muscle scars (arrows). A2. Dorsal view showing pair of symmetrically placed muscle scars (arrows) on the supra-apical surface (right side of A1). The muscle scars lie on each side of the median area with botryoidal surface texture. A3. Detail of muscle scar (left scar in A1). A4. Detail of finely imbricate shell structure from the median area of A2.
Fig. 3. Helcionelloid mollusc Eotebenna viviannae Peel, 1991a in Muscle attachment scars in helcionelloids from Denmark cast light on mollusc evolution in the Cambrian
Fig. 3. Helcionelloid mollusc Eotebenna viviannae Peel, 1991a, internal moulds, Andrarum Limestone, Bornholm, Denmark, Guzhangian, Miaolingian, middle Cambrian. A. MGUH 19565, paratype, lateral view (A1) with detail of apex (A2). B. MGUH 34273, lateral (B1) and apico-lateral views showing impression of comarginal ornamentation and cylindrical form of median sub-apical area (B2). C. Specimen lost, lateral view (C1) with detail of apex (C2), arrow locates detail of shell structure (C3). D. MGUH 34274, lateral view with detail of radial fibrous structure and overlying imbricated lamellae (D2), and patch of ornamented outer shell (D1, arrow). E. MGUH 34275, lateral view with detail of apex (E2) with muscle scars; arrows locate possible muscle scar. F. MGUH 34276, lateral view (F1) with detail of possible muscle scar (F2) located by arrows.
Fig. 2. Helcionelloid mollusc Eotebenna viviannae Peel, 1991a, MGUH 19564 in Muscle attachment scars in helcionelloids from Denmark cast light on mollusc evolution in the Cambrian
Fig. 2. Helcionelloid mollusc Eotebenna viviannae Peel, 1991a, MGUH 19564, holotype, internal mould, Andrarum Limestone, Bornholm, Denmark, Guzhangian, Miaolingian, middle Cambrian. A1. Oblique lateral view showing margin of shell (arrow) along the narrow slit joining the sub-apical and supra-apical apertures. A2. Oblique apico-lateral view. A3. Lateral view. A4. Oblique view showing inverted teardrop-shaped sub-apical aperture and irregular area (arrow) of possible muscle scar. A5. Lateral view of apex. A6. Oblique lateral view of apex showing radial fibrous structure beneath smooth outer layer.
Fig. 1. Geological and geographical background. A in Muscle attachment scars in helcionelloids from Denmark cast light on mollusc evolution in the Cambrian
Fig. 1. Geological and geographical background. A. Cambrian stratigraphy of southern Bornholm, Denmark (based on Nielsen and Schovsbo 2007). B. Map of the Baltic area showing location of Bornholm, with location of studied locality (asterisk) on the rivulet Øleå (C), and the Lake Vänern area in southern Sweden (D), with collection locality on the western slopes of the hill Kinnekulle (asterisk).
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