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Effects of permafrost thaw on nitrogen availability and plant-soil interactions in a boreal Alaskan lowland: III - Root Abundance 2013

This dataset examines shifts in rooting along a lowland boreal permafrost thaw chronosequence. Data was collected in 2013 at the APEX Beta and forested study plots, located adjacent to the BNZ experimental forest.

Effects of permafrost thaw on nitrogen availability and plant-soil interactions in a boreal Alaskan lowland: IV - Plant vs Nitrogen Data 2013

This dataset examines shifts in soil and plant characteristics, and extractable soil pore water chemistry along a lowland boreal permafrost thaw chronosequence. Data was collected in 2013 at the APEX Beta and forested study plots, located adjacent to the BNZ experimental forest. Data includes mean DIN, DON, free amino acids, and TDN from seasonal pore water measurements as well as aboveground vegetation C and N concentrations, and summertime, litterfall % N, and resorption efficiency for C. calyculata.

Effects of permafrost thaw on nitrogen availability and plant-soil interactions in a boreal Alaskan lowland: V - Isotape Data 2013

This dataset examines shifts in foliar del N 15 concentations for three plant species found across a lowland boreal permafrost thaw chronosequence. Data was collected in 2013 at the APEX Beta and forested study plots, located adjacent to the BNZ experimental forest.

Effects of permafrost thaw on nitrogen availability and plant-soil interactions in a boreal Alaskan lowland: VI - Soil Nitrogen Pools

This dataset examines shifts in soil N and extractable soil pore water chemistry along a lowland boreal permafrost thaw chronosequence. Data was collected in 2013 at the APEX Beta and forested study plots, located adjacent to the BNZ experimental forest. Measured parameters include: dissolved inorganic N, dissolved organic N, free amino acids, total dissolved N, C:N of soil material, soil bulk density, soil N concentration, soil C concentrations, volumetric soil moisture. Soil pore water samples were collected every three to four weeks from late June to late September, 2013 for a total of five sampling events, while soil cores were collected in late July 2013 for physical characterstics and soil C and N concentrations.

openCustomJan 2020View details →

Habitat availability estimates of LTER 100 m stream sites at the Coweeta Hydrologic Lab from 1991 to 1998

Habitat availability measurements were recorded biannually along with electrofishing (different Project) starting in late summer 1991. Data was collected each spring and late summer from 1991-1998, in order to examine changes in fish assemblage structure along the habitat gradient.

openCC (other)Oct 2021View details →

Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Soil Solution Resin Available Nitrogen

Resin available soil solution nitrogen was measured during seasonal incubations in 2014 and 2015 on all Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) plots. Reference (or control) plots are shared with the collaborating Northern Forest DroughtNet experiment. There are six plots total (each 11 x 14m). Two are warmed 5 degrees C throughout the growing season (Plots 3 and 4). Two others are warmed 5 degrees C in the growing season and have snow removed during winter to induce soil freeze/thaw cycles (Plots 5 and 6). Four kilometers (2.5 mi) of heating cable are buried in the soil to warm these four plots. Two additional plots serve as controls for our experiment (Plots 1 and 2). Analysis and results from these data are presented in Sanders-DeMott 2018. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Sanders-DeMott, R., Sorensen, P.O., Reinmann, A.B. et al. Growing season warming and winter freeze–thaw cycles reduce root nitrogen uptake capacity and increase soil solution nitrogen in a northern forest ecosystem. Biogeochemistry 137, 337–349 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0422-5

openCC (other)Apr 2020View details →

Microarthropod and nematode effects on soil nitrogen availability in fluffgrass mesocosms at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1986-1987

This data package contains soil nitrogen measurements taken over a 12-week interval in soils treated to exclude microarthropods and nematodes. The purpose of this study was to test if changing densities of soil microarthropods and nematodes results in changes in soil nitrogen availability. In 1986 and 1987, 110 fluff grass (Dasyochloa pulchella) plants were collected from the Jornada Basin College Ranch and transplanted into pots, which contained 5 replicates of each treatment. The 4 treatments include 1) control, 2) NEMACUR (to exclude nematodes), 3) chlordane (to exclude mites) and 4) NEMACUR + Chlordane. Each was sampled 5 times during a 12-week interval after the initial treatment. Pots were watered weekly to maintain conditions at field capacity. Samples were taken from the rhizosphere and analyzed for NO3(-)- N, NH4(+)-N, Inorganic-N, microbial-N, % H20, % organic matter, root biomass, and nematode density. This study was completed in 1987.

openCC (other)Oct 2021View details →

Data to support "delta13C and delta15N values from a mesocosm experiment showing sea urchins mediate the availability of kelp detritus to benthic consumers"

The purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is an important herbivore and detritivore in southern California giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forests that grow on shallow rocky reefs (~3-20m depth) off southern California, including Santa Barbara where this study was done. To investigate the shredder activity of purple urchins, we assembled communities of common detritivores and suspension feeders from local reefs in mesocosms. Three species of brittle stars (Ophiopteris papillosa, Ophioplocus esmarki, and Ophiothrix spiculata), one vermetid gastropod (Thylacodes squamigerus), two barnacles (Chthamalus sp. and Megabalanus californicus), one polychaete worm (Chaetopterus sp.), and three sea cucumbers (Cucumaria piperata, Pachythyone rubra, and Cucumaria salma) were collected from the seafloor of local kelp forests at 5-15m depth in the Santa Barbara Channel. Ten of each species were placed in each of six 50 L (51x38x27 cm) flow-through unfiltered seawater tanks, each containing two concrete bricks for hard substrate on top of 3 cm of sand. Because sea urchins are highly mobile, capable of bulldozing other occupants, we isolated them above the experimental communities on plastic mesh (1cm). Mesh dividers were secured horizontally across each mesocosm 16 cm above the bottom. Ten individuals of each consumer species, along with 2-3 blades, totaling 47.3 g (±1.2 SE), of isotopically labeled kelp (see below) were placed on the floor of each tank, below the divider. On top of the mesh divider, we placed an additional 229.8 g (±6.1 SE) of enriched kelp blades, and in half of the tanks, 10 adult urchins (total mass 343.3 g ±1.3 SE) per tank. The kelp below the mesh ensured that the detritivores had direct access to degrading kelp detritus regardless of the urchin treatment, similar to the situation in the kelp forest, allowing us to more clearly ascertain the degree to which the detritivores were dependent on urchins for kelp detritus assimilation. The experiment wa

openCC0Dec 2019View details →

Effects of Altered Precipitation on Biological Soil Crusts, Fungi, and Soil Nitrogen Availability at the Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME) in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2016)

Microbial activity in drylands is mediated by the magnitude and frequency of growing season rain events that will shift as climate change progresses. Nitrogen is often co-limiting with water availability to dryland plants, and thus we investigated how microbes important to the nitrogen (N) cycle and soil N availability varied temporally and spatially in the context of a long-term rainfall variability experiment in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Specifically, we assessed biological soil crust (biocrust) chlorophyll content, fungal abundance, and inorganic N in soils adjacent to individuals of the grassland foundation species, Bouteloua eriopoda, and in the unvegetated interspace at multiple time points associated with an experimental monsoon rain treatment. Treatments included small weekly (5 mm) or large monthly (20 mm) rain events, which had been applied during the summer monsoon for nine years prior to our sampling. Additionally, we evaluated target plant C:N ratios and added 15 N-glutamate to biocrusts to determine potential for nutrient transport to B. eriopoda. Biocrust chlorophyll was up to 67% higher in the small weekly or large monthly rainfall regimes compared to ambient controls. Fungal biomass was 57% lower in soil interspaces than adjacent to plants but did not respond to rainfall regime treatments. Ammonium and nitrate concentrations near plants declined through the sampling period but varied little in soil interspaces. There was limited movement of 15 N from interspace biocrusts to leaves but high 15 N retention in the soils even after additional ambient and experimental rain events. Plant C:N ratio was unaffected by rainfall treatments. The long-term alteration in rainfall regime in this experiment did not change how short-term microbial abundance or N availability responded to the magnitude or frequency of events, suggesting a limited response of N availability to future climate change.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2020View details →

Table S3. List of Locustella sound recordings included in bioacoustic analysis surrounding description of the Taliabu Grasshopper-Warbler. The table provides information on sound library sources and sampling localities of recordings as well as raw data on all 11 bioacoustic parameters measured (see Supplementary Materials section SM3 for more details on parameters). Recordings whose source is labeled as "private recording" were obtained by colleagues and are available upon demand from the corresponding author.

supplement to Rheindt, Frank E., Prawiradilaga, Dewi M., Ashari, Hidayat, Suparno, Gwee, Chyi Yin, Lee, Geraldine W. X., Wu, Meng Yue, Ng, Nathaniel S. R. (2020): A lost world in Wallacea: Description of a montane archipelagic avifauna. Science 367: 167-170, DOI: 10.1126/science.aax2146

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

Short-term change in water availability influences thermoregulation behaviors in a dry-skinned ectotherm

Datasets for "Short-term change in water availability influences thermoregulation behaviors in a dry-skinned ectotherm" by Rozen-Rechels et al. (2020) in Journal of Animal Ecology   Abstract 1. Mechanistic models of terrestrial ectotherms predict that climate warming will induce activity restriction due to heat stress and loss of shade, leading to the extinction of numerous populations. Such models rely on the assumption that activity patterns are dictated by simple temperature thresholds independent of changes in water availability. However, changes in water availability may further influence thermoregulation behavior of ectotherms through dehydration risk perception, changes in water balance or changes in microclimatic conditions. 2. Here, we experimentally assess the interactive effects of thermal conditions and water availability on activity patterns, shade selection and thermoregulation efficiency in a model ectothermic species. 3. Thermoregulation behavior of adult common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) was monitored in outdoor mesocosms as we manipulated water availability, providing water as mist in the morning and free-standing water during the daytime. We recorded operative temperatures and micro-meteorological conditions to infer thermal constraints and dehydration risk. 4. Activity and shade selection were better predicted by continuous changes in thermal conditions and dehydration risk, respectively, than by threshold functions. In addition, water supplementation increased activity in males and reduced shade selection in both sexes, most probably as a behavioral response to the perception of a stronger dehydration risk. Water supplementation also influenced the thermal quality of the environment, which in turn altered daily activity patterns and thermoregulation statistics. 5. This demonstrates that dual effects of heat and water stress on activity patterns may lead to stronger activity restriction as a result of climate change than currently predicted.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

Preference and familiarity mediate spatial responses of a large herbivore to experimental manipulation of resource availability: datasets

Publicly available dataset for: N. Ranc, P.R. Moorcroft, K.W. Hansen, F. Ossi, T. Sforna, E. Ferraro, A. Brugnoli & F. Cagnacci. 2020. Preference and familiarity mediate spatial responses of a large herbivore to experimental manipulation of resource availability. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68046-7

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Endocrine disruption: the noise in available data adversely impact the models' performance

This paper is devoted to the analysis of available experimental data and preparation of predictive models for binding affinity of molecules with respect to two nuclear receptors involved in endocrine disruption: the Estrogen (ER) and the Androgen (AR) receptor. The ED-relevant data were retrieved from multiple sources, including the CERAP, CoMPARA, and the Tox21 data challenge projects as well as ChEMBL and PubChem databases. Data analysis performed with the help of Generative Topographic Mapping technique revealed the problem of a low agreement between experimental values issued from different sources. Collected data were used to train both classification models for AR and ER binding activities and regression models for Relative Binding Affinity (RBA) and median Inhibition Concentration (IC50) models. These models displayed relatively poor performance in classification (sensitivities ER = 0.34, AR = 0.49) and in regression (determination coefficient R2 for the RBA and IC50 models in external validation varied from 0.44 to 0.76). Our analysis demonstrates that low models performances resulted from misinterpreted experimental endpoints or wrongly reported values. Developed models and collected data sets included of 6215 (ER) and 3789 (AR) unique compounds; they are freely available. The repository includes data on estrogen and androgen receptor binding behavior (binder, non-binder), median inhibitory concentration (IC50) and relative binding affinity (RBA).  SDF fields: <ul> <li>DB = database; where: COMPARA = Collaborative Modelling Project for Androgen Receptor Activity; CERAPP = Collaborative Estrogen Receptor Activity Prediction Project; Tox-DC = data from Tox21 program; PubChem = data from PubChem. </li> <li>Set = whether the compound was used in training or test set for the given model</li> <li>Receptor = AR stands for Androgen Receptor and ER stands for Estrogen Receptor</li> <li>binding_prp = binding behaviour for the classification model (ER and AR). 1 = binder;  = non-binder</li> <li>IC50 (nM) and logIC50 = median inhibitory concentration values in nanoMolar and log.</li> <li>RBA(%) and logRBA = relative binding affinity values in % and log.</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Data availability. Multivariate data analysis. Validation of an instrument for the evaluation of teaching digital competence.

Data availability. Multivariate data analysis. Validation of an instrument for the evaluation of teaching digital competence. <ul><li>SPSS DATA. Multivariate data analysis. Validation of an instrument for the evaluation of teaching digital competence (spss data.sav). The data presented in this file contains the data imported wiyh the Software IBM SPSS Statistics, versión 28.0.1.1(15).</li><li>EXCEL DATA. Multivariate data analysis. Validation of an instrument for the evaluation of teaching digital competence (spss data.sav). The data presented in this file contains the data imported wiyh the Software IBM SPSS Statistics, versión 28.0.1.1(15).</li><li>Data of Project factorial.xlsx (The data presented in this file contains the results of the statistical analysis carried out with the Software Microsoft Excel).</li><li>Data Project reliability.xlsx (The data presented in this file contains the results of the statistical analysis carried out with the Software Microsoft Excel).</li><li>FIGURES. Multivariate data analysis. Validation of an instrument for the evaluation of teaching digital competence (Figure 1.jpeg, Figure 2.jpeg, Figure 3 and Figure 4.jpeg).</li></ul>

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Machine Learning-Based Bridge Maintenance Optimization Model for Maximizing Performance within Available Annual Budgets

Effective maintenance planning for bridges is crucial for maintaining their performance, safety, and minimizing maintenance costs. Timely implementation of interventions can improve the performance of bridges and avoid the need for costly interventions. However, bridge maintenance is often delayed due to inadequate planning and budget allocation, as well as resource constraints such as funding. With availability of historical condition data of bridges in databases such as the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) and National Bridge Elements (NBE), there is an opportunity to use data-driven methods to predict deterioration of bridge elements and optimize their maintenance interventions to maximize performance of bridges. This paper presents the development of a novel system that uses Machine Learning (ML) techniques to predict condition of concrete bridge elements and binary linear programming optimization method to identify the optimal selection of maintenance interventions and their timing to maximize the performance of bridges while complying with available annual budgets. Four ML methods are explored: decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting, and support vector machines. The results of the ML evaluation show that, while the values of the predictive performance metrics varied for different elements, random forest method had the best performance for all elements. A case study of a concrete bridge is analyzed to evaluate the performance of the system and demonstrate its new capabilities. The case study results show that the developed model identifies optimal maintenance interventions for various annual budgets over a 50-year study period. The primary contributions of this research to the body of knowledge are: (1) development of a novel system that integrates machine learning techniques and linear programming for predicting bridge element conditions and optimizing maintenance interventions; (2) modeling and predicting the deterioration of bridge elements based on health index metric; and (3) generating long-term maintenance plans for each of bridge elements to maximize the performance of bridges within available annual budgets. The present system is expected to support decision makers, such as highway agencies, in allocating limited financial resources for bridge maintenance more efficiently and cost-effectively.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

FIGURE 3. Currently available descriptions across different families. The 5 in Towards digital descriptions of all extant reptile species

FIGURE 3. Currently available descriptions across different families. The 5 number columns show the number of species in each family (species), the number of species with descriptions or without (desc, no desc), the percentage of species with descriptions (percent), and the number of species without (left). The left bar chart shows the percentage of species with/out descriptions (blue/yellow). The right bar chart shows the absolute number of species with/out descriptions (blue/orange). Note that Iguanidae contains all 8 families now considered Iguanidae (s.l.), e.g. Opluridae etc. The Lamprophiidae (s.l.) also contain Atractaspididae, Psammophiidae, and Pseudoxyrhophiidae. Gymnophthalmidae (s.l.) contain Alopoglossidae and Anguidae (s.l.) contain Diploglossidae.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Assessing Nitrogen Availability in Biobased Fertilizers: Effect of Vegetation on Mineralization Patterns

Biobased nitrogen (N) fertilizers derived from animal manure can substitute synthetic mineral N fertilizer and contribute to more sustainable agriculture. Practitioners need to obtain a reliable estimation of the biobased fertilizers’ N value. This study compared the estimates for pig slurry (PS) and liquid fraction of digestate (LFD) using laboratory incubation and plant-growing experiments. A no-N treatment was used as control and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as synthetic mineral fertilizer. After 100 days of incubation, the addition of PS and LFD resulted in a net N mineralization rate of 10.6 ± 0.3% and 20.6 ± 0.4% of the total applied N, respectively. The addition of CAN showed no significant net mineralization or immobilization (net N release 96 ± 6%). In the pot experiment under vegetation, all fertilized treatments caused N immobilization with a negative net N mineralization rate of −51 ± 11%, −9 ± 4%, and −27 ± 10% of the total applied N in CAN, PS, and LFD treatments, respectively. Compared to the pot experiment, the laboratory incubation without vegetation may have overestimated the N value of biobased fertilizers. Vegetation resulted in a lower estimation of available N from fertilizers, probably due to intensified competition with soil microbes or increased N loss via denitrification.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2014View details →

Fig. 1 in Problematic Biases in the Availability of Molecular Markers in Protists: The Example of the Dinoflagellates

Fig. 1. Number of species of the most speciose dinoflagellate genera (> 11 species per genus). The empty bars represented the number of described species based on Gómez (2012a). The black bars represent the number of species with, at least, one nucleotide sequence available in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank in January 2013.

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Distance from available surface water of mammals in Ruaha National Park

In Africa, burgeoning human populations promote agricultural expansion and the associated demand for water. Water abstraction for agriculture from perennial rivers can be detrimental for wildlife, particularly when it reduces water availability in protected areas. Ruaha National Park (Ruaha NP) in southern Tanzania, one of the largest parks in Africa, contains important wildlife populations, including rare and endangered species. The Great Ruaha River (GRR) is the main dry-season water source for wildlife in the Park. Water offtake from this river for large-scale irrigation and livestock production up-stream of the Park has caused large expanses of this formerly perennial river within the Park to dry out during the dry season. The dry season distribution of a species in relation to surface water is considered an indicator of its dependence on water and ability to cope with the loss of surface water. We investigated how diminishing surface water availability during three dry seasons (2011–2013) affected herbivores' distance to water in Ruaha NP. The distance held by herbivores to water is shaped by a range of factors including dietary category. We determined changes in the locations of available surface water throughout the dry season using standardized ground transects, close to and leading away from the GRR, to map the locations of nine herbivore species. Functional responses of herbivores, i.e. their change in distance to water between early and late dry season, indicated that distance to water was (i) shortest in buffalo and waterbuck (grazers), (ii) similar for plains zebra (grazer), elephant and impala (mixed feeders), (iii) larger in giraffe and greater kudu (browsers) and (iv) largest in generalist feeders (warthog, common duiker). The substantial species' differences in surface water dependence broadly fit predicted species differences in their ability to cope with anthropogenic reduction in surface water in Ruaha NP.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →