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134 results for “Bison bison”
Dung nutrient data of rabbit, fallow deer, horse, cow, and European bison
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Genomic footprints of recovery in the European bison
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Data from: Trade-offs between forage availability, accessibility, and predation risk on winter foraging strategies of wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)
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Assessing the use of bison for savanna restoration at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen
Oak savanna is the most threatened ecosystem in Minnesota and fire, alone, is not restoring and preserving it. Our savanna restoration research started more than a half century ago in what had once been native savanna at Cedar Creek. It has shown that burning about 4 to 7 times per decade eliminates shrubs and non-savanna tree species and restores prairie grassland species. However, our 50 years of research is also showing that these frequent and intense fires are preventing oaks from regenerating. Bison are now known to be a keystone species for restoring and preserving grasslands, but their roles in savanna ecosystems remain unknown. In grasslands, bison preferentially graze the dominant warm season grasses that would otherwise outcompete wildflowers, thereby promoting plant coexistence and enhancing plant diversity. Here we propose to test whether bison grazing might promote the growth and survivorship of oak seedlings in burned savannas by reducing grass fuel for fires and by knocking back dominant grass competitors. We will maintain the existing fire frequencies and the design of the long-term burning experiment, while adding bison grazing as an additional factor in part of several burn units on the southeast side of the property. Bison will graze during the summer and early fall seasons. Grazing exclosures will be established, and oak seedlings will be planted, to test effects of bison grazing on early oak growth and survivorship. The outcomes we plan to achieve are to: (1) discover better restoration and preservation practices for savanna ecosystems; (2) determine how these practices impact savanna biodiversity; and (3) educate Minnesotans about the ecological heritage of their state, including the roles that bison, fire and biodiversity play in the functioning of savannas and other Minnesota ecosystems. We will achieve these goals and outcomes by: (1) restoring bison grazing to 200 acres of oak savanna; (2) experimentally testing whether bison grazing promot
Data from: Yellowstone bison—should we preserve artificial population substructure or rely on ecological processes?
Halbert et al. (2012) analyzed microsatellite genotypes collected from 661 Yellowstone bison sampled during winters from 1999 through 2003 and identified 2 genetically distinct subpopulations (central, northern) based on genotypic diversity and allelic distributions. Based on these findings, they raised concerns about the management and long-term conservation of Yellowstone bison due to disproportionate culling of the 2 subpopulations in some winters. The data and findings of Halbert et al. (2012) are significant and useful for managers charged with conserving these iconic wildlife. However, their article provides information regarding the behavior and management of Yellowstone bison that does not accurately portray historic or current conditions. This response clarifies those conditions and challenges some of their apparent deductions and recommendations.
Data from: A combined mesowear analysis of Mexican Bison antiquus shows a generalist diet with geographical variation
Bison antiquus was one of the largest and most widely distributed megafaunal species during the Late Pleistocene in North America, giving rise to the modern plains bison in the middle Holocene. Despite the importance of the ancient bison, little is known about its feeding ecology. We employed a combination of extended mesowear, and mesowear III to infer the diet preference and habitat use of three Mexican samples of B. antiquus. Two northern samples from the Transmexican Volcanic Belt morphotectonic Province: La Piedad-Santa Ana and La Cinta-Portalitos, as well as one southern sample from the Sierra Madre del Sur morphotectonic province: Viko Vijin. We found that the northern Mexican samples were primarily non-strict grazers, while the southern sample displays a pattern consistent with mixer feeder habits. This suggests variability among the diets of these bison samples, caused by different paleoenvironments. This evidence complements the paleoenvironmental reconstructions in the studied localities; for the northern samples, open prairies composed of patches of woodland or shrubland and for the southern locality a fluvial floodplain with short-lived vegetation. In both scenarios, grasses (Poaceae) were non-dominant. The dietary habits of our samples of ancient bison in Mexico are the southernmost dietary inference for the species in North America and expand our knowledge of the dietary habits of Bison antiquus during the late Pleistocene.
Data from: Bison body size and climate change
The relationship between body size and temperature of mammals is poorly resolved, especially for large keystone species such as bison (Bison bison). Bison are well-represented in the fossil record across North America, which provides an opportunity to relate body size to climate within a species. We measured the length of a leg bone (calcaneal tuber, DstL) in 849 specimens from 60 localities that were dated by stratigraphy and 14C decay. We estimated body mass (M) as: M = (DstL/11.49) 3. Average annual temperature was estimated from δ18O values in the ice cores from Greenland. Calcaneal tuber length of Bison declined over the last 40,000 years, that is, average body mass was 37% larger (910 ± 50 kg) than today (665 ± 21 kg). Average annual temperature has warmed by 6°C since the Last Glacial Maximum (~24-18 kya) and is predicted to further increase by 4°C by the end of the 21st century. If body size continues to linearly respond to global temperature, Bison body mass will likely decline by an additional 46%, to 357 ± 54 kg, with an increase of 4°C globally. The rate of mass loss is 41 ± 10 kg per °C increase of global temperature. Changes in body size of Bison may be a result of migration, disease, or human harvest but those effects are likely to be local and short-term and not likely to persist over the long-time-scale of the fossil record. The strong correspondence between body size of bison and air temperature is more likely the result of persistent effects on the ability to grow and the consequences of sustaining a large body mass in a warming environment. Continuing rises in global temperature will likely depress body sizes of bison, and perhaps other large grazers, without human intervention.
Data from: Influence of group size on the success of wolves hunting bison
An intriguing aspect of social foraging behaviour is that large groups are often no better at capturing prey than are small groups, a pattern that has been attributed to diminished cooperation (i.e., free riding) in large groups. Although this suggests the formation of large groups is unrelated to prey capture, little is known about cooperation in large groups that hunt hard-to-catch prey. Here, we used direct observations of Yellowstone wolves (Canis lupus) hunting their most formidable prey, bison (Bison bison), to test the hypothesis that large groups are more cooperative when hunting difficult prey. We quantified the relationship between capture success and wolf group size, and compared it to previously reported results for Yellowstone wolves hunting elk (Cervus elaphus), a prey that was, on average, 3 times easier to capture than bison. Whereas improvement in elk capture success levelled off at 2–6 wolves, bison capture success levelled off at 9–13 wolves with evidence that it continued to increase beyond 13 wolves. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that hunters in large groups are more cooperative when hunting more formidable prey. Improved ability to capture formidable prey could therefore promote the formation and maintenance of large predator groups, particularly among predators that specialize on such prey.
Data and Code for Sibley et al. Baited Imaging Sonar (BISON)
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Cemetery Statuary - Bison Gravemarker
Found in the back corner of a Paris, Texas cemetery. This bison statue is about 2 meters long and 1.5 meters high. The statue is a native Texas limestone on a concrete base. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Bison Skull
Bison Skull Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Liegender Bison
Lying bison from the year 1963 by Hubert Fiala. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Subspecies and Distribution. B. b. bison Linnaeus, 1758 — scattered in free-ranging conservation herds in W & C Canada (British Columbia & Saskatchewan), W USA (Alaska, Montana, Utah & Wyoming), and extreme N Mexico (Chihuahua). B. b. athabascae Rhoads, 1898 — scattered in free-ranging conservation herds in W & C Canada. in Bovidae
Subspecies and Distribution. B. b. bison Linnaeus, 1758 — scattered in free-ranging conservation herds in W & C Canada (British Columbia & Saskatchewan), W USA (Alaska, Montana, Utah & Wyoming), and extreme N Mexico (Chihuahua). B. b. athabascae Rhoads, 1898 — scattered in free-ranging conservation herds in W & C Canada.
Reintroduction of the European Bison (Bison bonasus) in Central-Eastern Europe: A case study
<p>Raw vector and raster data depicting land cover, bison herds, roads, elevation, and land protection status and map algebra syntax codes used in the suitability analysis of reintroduction of European bison into central-eastern Europe.</p>
Bison observations: bizon.zip
<p>Derived from https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5138e8e5e4b02c509e50c57f</p> <p>Details in https://eol-jira.bibalex.org/browse/DATA-1699</p> <p>The observations.txt has 76,130,091 rows as of Sep 11, 2017.</p>
Data from: Enamel hypoplasia and dental wear of North American late Pleistocene horses and bison: an assessment of nutritionally-based extinction models
Approximately 50,000 – 11,000 years ago many species around the world became extinct or were extirpated at a continental scale. The causes of the late Pleistocene extinctions have been extensively debated and continue to be poorly understood. Several extinction models have been proposed, including two nutritionally-based extinction models: coevolutionary disequilibrium and mosaic-nutrient models. These models draw upon the individualistic response of plant species to climate change to present a plausible scenario in which nutritional stress is considered one of the primary causes for the late Pleistocene extinctions. In this study, we tested predictions of the coevolutionary disequilibrium and mosaic-nutrient extinction models through the study of dental wear and enamel hypoplasia of Equus and Bison from various North American localities. The analysis of the dental wear (microwear and mesowear) of the samples yielded results which are consistent with predictions established for the coevolutionary disequilibrium model, but not for the mosaic-nutrient model. These ungulate species show statistically different dental wear patterns (suggesting dietary resource partitioning) during preglacial and full-glacial time intervals, but not during the postglacial in accordance with predictions of the coevolutionary disequilibrium model. In addition to changes in diet, these ungulates, specifically the equid species, show increased levels of enamel hypoplasia during the postglacial indicating higher levels of systemic stress, a result which is consistent with the models tested and with other climate-based extinction models. The extent to which the increase in systemic stress was detrimental to equid populations remains to be further investigated, but suggests that environmental changes during the late Pleistocene significantly impacted North American equids.
Fig. 4 in Seasonal and Diel Activity of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Attracted to European Bison Dung in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland
Fig. 4. Faunistic resemblance of scarabaeoid dung beetle communities among six months of the vegetative season in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland.
Fig. 1 in Seasonal and Diel Activity of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Attracted to European Bison Dung in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland
Fig. 1. Study area in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland during the first collecting series on 14 April 2008. Photograph by A.Neumann.
Fig. 3 in Seasonal and Diel Activity of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Attracted to European Bison Dung in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland
Fig. 3. Seasonal dynamics and species richness of two scarabaeoid dung beetle nesting guilds in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. Lines = number of individuals; bars = number of species.
Fig. 2 in Seasonal and Diel Activity of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) Attracted to European Bison Dung in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland
Fig. 2. Structure of dung beetles communities in six months of the vegetative season in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. Numbers above the charts indicate the number of individuals (number of species).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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