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1,088 results for “Bivalves”
Calibrating phylogenies assuming bifurcation or budding alters inferred macroevolutionary dynamics in a densely sampled phylogeny of bivalve families
<p>Analyses of evolutionary dynamics can be profoundly affected by age calibrations of phylogenetic nodes under different models of lineage branching. Most time-calibrated molecular phylogenies of extant taxa assume a purely bifurcating model, where nodes are calibrated using the daughter lineage with the older first occurrence in the fossil record. Lineages can also split via budding, in which a parent lineage persists following the origin of a daughter lineage, and nodes are calibrated using the age of the lineage with the younger first occurrence. Here, we use the extensive fossil record of bivalve molluscs for a large-scale empirical test of how the choice of branching model affects macroevolutionary analyses. We time-calibrated 91% of nodes in a phylogeny of 97 extant bivalve families using 86 calibration points ranging in age from 2.59 to 485 Ma. Allowing budding-based calibrations minimizes conflict between the tree topology and timing of evolutionary events in the fossil record, reducing the summed duration of inferred "ghost lineages," from 6.76 billion yrs (Gyr; bifurcating model) to 1.00 Gyr (budding model). Adding 31 extinct paraphyletic families – many major groups contain such extinct taxa – shifts deep splits further back in time and raises ghost-lineage totals to 7.86 Gyr (bifurcating) and 1.92 Gyr (budding), but more accurately reflects the time since separation of lineages. Lineage-through-time plots from phylogenetic data scaled under a bifurcating model of evolution push more inferred bivalve diversification into the Paleozoic, conflicting with other palaeontological evidence on the magnitude of the end-Paleozoic extinction and subsequent recovery, and strongly reduce the magnitude of the Cenozoic diversification of the group. Consideration of the hypothesized branching model within a given clade is essential when node-calibrating phylogenies, and for a major clade with a robust fossil record, an evolutionary model that allows budding and does not force bifurcations is the most appropriate one, and likely common for many other clades as well.</p>
Gene expression plasticity, genetic variation and fatty acid remodelling in divergent populations of a tropical bivalve species: lipid profiles
<p><span>Ocean warming challenges marine organisms' resilience, especially for species experiencing temperatures close to their upper thermal limits. A potential increase in thermal tolerance might significantly reduce the risk of population decline, which is intrinsically linked to variability in local habitat temperatures.</span></p> <p><span>Our goal was to assess the plastic and genetic potential of response to elevated temperatures in a tropical bivalve model, <em>Pinctada margaritifera</em>. We benefit from two ecotypes for which local environmental conditions are characterized by either large diurnal variations in the tide-pools (Marquesas archipelago) or lower mean temperature with stable to moderate seasonal variations (Gambier archipelago).</span><br><br><span>We explored the physiological basis of individual responses to elevated temperature<em>, </em>genetic divergence as well as plasticity and acclimation by combining lipidomic and transcriptomic approaches.</span><br><br><span>We show that <em>P. margaritifera</em> has certain capacities to adjust to long-term elevated temperatures that was thus far largely underestimated. Genetic variation across populations overlaps with gene expression and involves the mitochondrial respiration machinery, a central physiological process that contributes to species thermal sensitivity and their distribution ranges.</span><br><br><span>Our results present evidence for acclimation potential in <em>P. margaritifera</em> and urge for longer term studies to assess populations resilience in face of climate change.</span></p>
Data and Code for "Quantifying spatio-temporal risk of Harmful Algal Blooms and their impacts on bivalve shellfish mariculture using a data-driven modelling approach"
<p>This is a zipped file of all associated code and data for the submitted paper entitled "Quantifying spatio-temporal risk of Harmful Algal Blooms and their impacts on bivalve shellfish mariculture using a data-driven modelling approach".</p>
Text-fig. 4: Pterigophycos sp., details of specimen in Text-fig. 3a. a: Blades B5–7; b: Close-up of (a), focusing on attachment of small blades B5–7 to holdfast structure; c: Detail of holdfast with several linear elements extending from proximal portion; d: Detail of blade B2, showing midrib and spathulate lamina segments; e: Detail of blade B1, showing lowermost, smallest lamina segments; f: tiny bivalve shell on stipe of blade B1, scale bar = 5 mm; g: Detail of blade B2, showing proximal beginning of lamina segmentation. Scale bars = 1 cm unless otherwise stated. in A Whole-Plant Specimen Of The Marine Macroalga Pterigophycos From The Eocene Of Bolca (Veneto, N-Italy)
Text-fig. 4: Pterigophycos sp., details of specimen in Text-fig. 3a. a: Blades B5–7; b: Close-up of (a), focusing on attachment of small blades B5–7 to holdfast structure; c: Detail of holdfast with several linear elements extending from proximal portion; d: Detail of blade B2, showing midrib and spathulate lamina segments; e: Detail of blade B1, showing lowermost, smallest lamina segments; f: tiny bivalve shell on stipe of blade B1, scale bar = 5 mm; g: Detail of blade B2, showing proximal beginning of lamina segmentation. Scale bars = 1 cm unless otherwise stated.
Рис. 2. Распределение Значений биомассы и численности Macoma balthica по станциЯм отбора проб. Fig. 2. Distribution of the Macoma balthica biomass and abundance values at sampling stations. in Species composition and distribution of bivalve mollusks in plankton and benthos in Nevelsky Strait in summer
Рис. 2. Распределение Значений биомассы и численности Macoma balthica по станциЯм отбора проб. Fig. 2. Distribution of the Macoma balthica biomass and abundance values at sampling stations.
Рис. 4. Распределение станций отбора проб по глубине и типу грунта (круЖком обведены станции, на которых макробентос не обнаруЖен; БО – биогенные остатки, ГМ – галька мелкаЯ, Гр – гравий, И – ил, П – песок). Fig. 4. Distribution of sampling stations by depth and type of bottom sediments (circles are around the stations where no macrobenthos was detected; БО – biogenic residues, ГМ – pebbles, Гр – gravel, И – silt, П – sand). in Species composition and distribution of bivalve mollusks in plankton and benthos in Nevelsky Strait in summer
Рис. 4. Распределение станций отбора проб по глубине и типу грунта (круЖком обведены станции, на которых макробентос не обнаруЖен; БО – биогенные остатки, ГМ – галька мелкаЯ, Гр – гравий, И – ил, П – песок). Fig. 4. Distribution of sampling stations by depth and type of bottom sediments (circles are around the stations where no macrobenthos was detected; БО – biogenic residues, ГМ – pebbles, Гр – gravel, И – silt, П – sand).
Рис. 5. АналиЗ линейной коррелЯции параметров макробентоса от доминируюЩей фракции в пробе грунта (А, Б) и глубины (В, Г). Fig. 5. Analysis of the linear correlation of macrobenthos parameters with the dominant fraction in the bottom sample (А, Б) and depth (В, Г). in Species composition and distribution of bivalve mollusks in plankton and benthos in Nevelsky Strait in summer
Рис. 5. АналиЗ линейной коррелЯции параметров макробентоса от доминируюЩей фракции в пробе грунта (А, Б) и глубины (В, Г). Fig. 5. Analysis of the linear correlation of macrobenthos parameters with the dominant fraction in the bottom sample (А, Б) and depth (В, Г).
Рис. 3. Карта-схема пространственного распределениЯ биомассы Macoma balthica. Fig. 3. A schematic map of the spatial distribution of the Macoma balthica biomass. in Species composition and distribution of bivalve mollusks in plankton and benthos in Nevelsky Strait in summer
Рис. 3. Карта-схема пространственного распределениЯ биомассы Macoma balthica. Fig. 3. A schematic map of the spatial distribution of the Macoma balthica biomass.
Рис.1. Карта-схема района исследований. ● – станции отбора планктонных и бентосных проб. Fig.1. A schematic map of the studied area. ● – sampling stations. in Species composition and distribution of bivalve mollusks in plankton and benthos in Nevelsky Strait in summer
Рис.1. Карта-схема района исследований. ● – станции отбора планктонных и бентосных проб. Fig.1. A schematic map of the studied area. ● – sampling stations.
Fig. 15 in Bivalve mollusks of the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia
Fig. 15. The distribution of biomass of Mya japonica in the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia.
Fig. 18 in Bivalve mollusks of the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia
Fig. 18. The distribution of biomass of Hiatella atctica in the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia.
Fig. 13 in Bivalve mollusks of the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia
Fig. 13. The distribution of biomass of Turtonia minuta in the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia.
Fig. 12 in Bivalve mollusks of the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia
Fig. 12. The distribution of biomass of Protothaca euglypta in the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia.
Рис. 11. Protothaca (Protothaca) euglypta (G.B. Sowerby III, 1914). Fig. 11. Protothaca (Protothaca) euglypta (G.B. Sowerby III, 1914). in Bivalve mollusks of the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia
Рис. 11. Protothaca (Protothaca) euglypta (G.B. Sowerby III, 1914). Fig. 11. Protothaca (Protothaca) euglypta (G.B. Sowerby III, 1914).
Fig. 5 in Bivalve mollusks of the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia
Fig. 5. The distribution of biomass of Macoma balthica in the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia.
Рис. 4. Clinocardium (Сlinocardium) nuttallii (Conrad, 1837). Fig. 4. Clinocardium (Сlinocardium) nuttallii (Conrad, 1837). in Bivalve mollusks of the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia
Рис. 4. Clinocardium (Сlinocardium) nuttallii (Conrad, 1837). Fig. 4. Clinocardium (Сlinocardium) nuttallii (Conrad, 1837).
Fig. 3 in Bivalve mollusks of the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia
Fig. 3. The distribution of biomass of Musculus laevigatus in the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia.
Рис. 17. Распредение биомассы Mya uzenensis на литорали дальневоcточных морей России. Fig. 17. The distribution of biomass of Mya uzenensis in the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia. in Bivalve mollusks of the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia
Рис. 17. Распредение биомассы Mya uzenensis на литорали дальневоcточных морей России. Fig. 17. The distribution of biomass of Mya uzenensis in the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia.
Рис. 2. Распредение биомассы Mytilus trossulus septentrionalis на литорали дальневоcточных морей России. Здесь и далее на гистограммах по оси абцисс после географических пунктов в скобках укаЗана выборка (число иЗученных проб), по оси ординат – максимальные ЗначениЯ биомассы вида. Под Значением биомассы 0.1 г/м² подраЗумеваютсЯ качественные пробы. СокраЩениЯ (бмп) и (топ) оЗначают соответственно беринговоморское и тихоокеанское побережьЯ Восточной Камчатки. Побережье Зал. Петра Великого от устьЯ р. Туманной к северу до м. Поворотного условно отноcитсЯ к южному Приморью; побережье к северу от м. Поворотного (пос. Преображение, б. СоколовскаЯ) до б. Ольга, включительно, условно относитсЯ к среднему Приморью; побережье к северу от б. Ольга до м. Белкина и материковое побережье Татарского пролива относим к северному Приморью. Fig. 2. The distribution of biomass of Mytilus trossulus septentrionalis in the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia. Here and throughout on histograms, on the abcissa is the number of studied samples (numbers in parentheses following the names geographic localities), on the ordinate is the maximum biomass of species. The number 0.1 g wet wt m-2 means the qualitative samples. Abbreviations (bmp) and (top) mean the Bering Sea coast and the Pacific coast of eastern Kamchatka. The coast of Peter the Great Bay from the mouth of the Tumannaya River to Cape Povorotny is conditionally referred to as southern Primorye; the area north of Cape Povorotny (Preobrazhenie Settlement, Sokolovskaya Bay) to Olga Bay inclusive is conditionally referred to as middle Primorye; north of Olga Bay to Cape Belkin and the mainland coast of the Tatar Strait to as northern Primorye. in Bivalve mollusks of the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia
Рис. 2. Распредение биомассы Mytilus trossulus septentrionalis на литорали дальневоcточных морей России. Здесь и далее на гистограммах по оси абцисс после географических пунктов в скобках укаЗана выборка (число иЗученных проб), по оси ординат – максимальные ЗначениЯ биомассы вида. Под Значением биомассы 0.1 г/м² подраЗумеваютсЯ качественные пробы. СокраЩениЯ (бмп) и (топ) оЗначают соответственно беринговоморское и тихоокеанское побережьЯ Восточной Камчатки. Побережье Зал. Петра Великого от устьЯ р. Туманной к северу до м. Поворотного условно отноcитсЯ к южному Приморью; побережье к северу от м. Поворотного (пос. Преображение, б. СоколовскаЯ) до б. Ольга, включительно, условно относитсЯ к среднему Приморью; побережье к северу от б. Ольга до м. Белкина и материковое побережье Татарского пролива относим к северному Приморью. Fig. 2. The distribution of biomass of Mytilus trossulus septentrionalis in the intertidal zone of the Far Eastern seas of Russia. Here and throughout on histograms, on the abcissa is the number of studied samples (numbers in parentheses following the names geographic localities), on the ordinate is the maximum biomass of species. The number 0.1 g wet wt m-2 means the qualitative samples. Abbreviations (bmp) and (top) mean the Bering Sea coast and the Pacific coast of eastern Kamchatka. The coast of Peter the Great Bay from the mouth of the Tumannaya River to Cape Povorotny is conditionally referred to as southern Primorye; the area north of Cape Povorotny (Preobrazhenie Settlement, Sokolovskaya Bay) to Olga Bay inclusive is conditionally referred to as middle Primorye; north of Olga Bay to Cape Belkin and the mainland coast of the Tatar Strait to as northern Primorye.
Рис. 6. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопа 5 поселениЯ Константиновка-1: A–H – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) (слои 1, 2 – бровка). Длина фрагментов от 51 до 121 мм. Fig. 6. Marine bivalves from excavation 5 of the Konstantinovka-1 settlement excavations: A–H – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) (levels 1, 2 – cross section). Sizes of shell fragments are from 51 to 121 mm. in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)
Рис. 6. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопа 5 поселениЯ Константиновка-1: A–H – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) (слои 1, 2 – бровка). Длина фрагментов от 51 до 121 мм. Fig. 6. Marine bivalves from excavation 5 of the Konstantinovka-1 settlement excavations: A–H – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) (levels 1, 2 – cross section). Sizes of shell fragments are from 51 to 121 mm.
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