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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Fig. 3 in Breeding Ecology Of The Pied Avocet, Recurvirostra Avosetta (Charadriformes, Recurvirostidae) In Tiffech Lake (Souk Ahras, Northeastern Algeria)

Fig. 3. Distribution of egg laying dates in Pied Avocet colony at Tiffech Lake during the 2017 breeding season (N 23).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2019View details →

Fig. 2 in Population Densities And Community Structure Of Birds Breeding In A Suburban Wooded Grassland In The Highveld Of Lesotho

Fig. 2. Numbers (right axis; dot or square signs) of species (A), all breeding pairs (B), and breeding pairs of selected bird species (C: Ss — Streptopelia senegalensis, Sc — Streptopelia capicola; D: RwS — Onychognathus morio, ES — Sturnus vulgaris; E — Passer griseus; F — Ploceus velatus; G — Columba guinea, H — Lanius collaris) in relation to the rainfall (columns; in mm per annum; left axis).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2017View details →

Fig. 1 in Bird Lice (Mallophaga, Philopteridae, Menoponidae) Of Domestic Pigeons On Specialized Pigeon Breeding Farms In Poltava

Fig. 1. Fam. Philopteridae: а — Columbicola columbae — general view; b — Companulotes compare — head;

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2017View details →

Fig. 3 in Bird Lice (Mallophaga, Philopteridae, Menoponidae) Of Domestic Pigeons On Specialized Pigeon Breeding Farms In Poltava

Fig. 3. Fam. Menoponidae: a — Bonomiella columbae — general view; b — Hohorstiella lata— general view.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2017View details →

T a b l e 5 in Month-To-Month Variations In Densities And Dominance Of Birds Breeding In An Extensive Pine Forest

T a b l e 5. Recommended and highly recommended months for counting birds by means of line transect method in pine forests

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2017View details →

Fig. 1 in Possible Ways Of Development Of The Breeding Bird Communities Of The Lower Dnipro

Fig. 1. The active coastal erosion and the initial stage of formation of the sandy beach (the upper reaches of the Kakhovka Reservoir, 2012).

Fig. 12 in Breeding Bird Assemblage In A Mosaic Of Urbanized Habitats In A Cenral European City

Fig. 12. Distribution of occupied territories of Cuculus canorus, Oriolus oriolus, Phasianus colchicus and Dendrocopos major.

Fig. 7 in Breeding Bird Assemblage In A Mosaic Of Urbanized Habitats In A Cenral European City

Fig. 7. Distribution of occupied territories of Acrocephalus plustris, A. Arundinaceus and A. scirpaceus.

Fig. 4 in Breeding Bird Assemblage In A Mosaic Of Urbanized Habitats In A Cenral European City

Fig. 4. Distribution of occupied territories of Serinus Fig. 5. Distribution of occupied territories of serinus, Phylloscopus collybita, P. trochilus and Phoenicurus ochruros. P. sibilatrix.

Fig. 2 in Breeding Bird Assemblage In A Mosaic Of Urbanized Habitats In A Cenral European City

Fig. 2. Distribution of occupied territories of Sylvia Fig. 3. Distribution of occupied territories of Sylvia communis. curruca.

Fig. 1 in Breeding Bird Assemblage In A Mosaic Of Urbanized Habitats In A Cenral European City

Fig. 1. Location of the study area (surrounded with a broken line) in the city of Wroclaw: A — borders of the study area; B — rivers; C — main roads; D — loosely built-up areas; E —densely built-up areas.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2014View details →

Fig. 3 in Spatial Patterns Of Bird Communities Of The Lower Dnieper Sands During The Breeding Season: Differentiation Factors

Fig. 3. The abundance (the mean number of individuals per sample) of campophilous and dendrophilous birds in groups of samples A (Clusters I–IV) and B (Clusters V–VI). N o t e. The central line represents median, the lower and upper limits of the rectangle — the first and third quartile respectively, "whiskers" — ± 1.5 of interquartile range; circles — outliers.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2014View details →

Fig. 1 in Spatial Patterns Of Bird Communities Of The Lower Dnieper Sands During The Breeding Season: Differentiation Factors

Fig. 1. The scheme of the study area. Аrenas of Low-Dnieper Sands: A — Kakhovska; B — Kozachelaherska; C — Oleshkivska; D — Chalbaska; E — Zburivska; F — Ivanivska; G — Kinburn Peninsula. N o t e. The first and the last sample of each census route are marked by numbers; the numbering of samples is the same as in table 1.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2014View details →

Fig. 4 in Spatial Patterns Of Bird Communities Of The Lower Dnieper Sands During The Breeding Season: Differentiation Factors

Fig. 4. The area ratio of different types of habitats on standard test plots in the groups of samples.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Coordination of care by breeders and helpers in the cooperatively breeding long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus

In species with biparental and cooperative brood care, multiple carers cooperate by contributing costly investment to raise a shared brood. However, shared benefits and individual costs also give rise to conflict among carers over investment. Coordination of provisioning visits has been hypothesized to facilitate the resolution of this conflict, preventing exploitation, and ensuring collective investment in the shared brood. We used a 26-year study of long-tailed tits, Aegithalos caudatus, a facultative cooperative breeder, to investigate whether care by parents and helpers is coordinated, whether there are consistent differences in coordination between individuals and reproductive roles, and whether coordination varies with helper relatedness to breeders. Coordination takes the form of turn-taking (alternation) or feeding within a short time interval of another carer (synchrony), and both behaviors were observed to occur more than expected by chance, i.e. 'active' coordination. First, we found that active alternation decreased with group size while active synchrony occurred at all group sizes. Secondly, we show that alternation was repeatable between observations at the same nest, while synchrony was repeatable between observations of the same individual. Active synchrony varied with reproductive status, with helpers synchronizing visits more than breeders, although active alternation did not vary with reproductive status. Finally, we found no significant effect of relatedness on either alternation or synchrony exhibited by helpers. In conclusion, we demonstrate active coordination of provisioning by carers and conclude that coordination is a socially plastic behavior depending on reproductive status and the number of carers raising the brood.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Phenotypes and genotypes of brown trout used for breeding experiments in 2014

Adult brown trout were caught via electrofishing around the beginning of the spawning season from the River Aare and its tributaries Gürbe, Worble, Giesse, Kiese, and Rotache (Bern canton, Switzerland). They were kept in the Fischereistützpunkt Reutigen until eggs could be stripped from females. Adults were narcoticised when ready to spawn and gametes were stripped for block-wise full-factorial in vitro fertilisations (e.g. Marques da Cunha et al. 2019). Photographs were taken from all fish, standard length and wet weight were determined, and fin clips were taken for molecular analyses. All fish were then released back into the streams of origin. Samples of 24 freshly fertilized eggs per experimentally produced full-sib family were used for various laboratory experiments (e.g. Marques da Cunha et al. 2019). The remaining embryos were raised in the Fischereistützpunkt Reutigen and used for stocking the streams of parental origin and various nursery streamlets, following the routine of the stocking program of the Bern canton. These stocked fish were later sampled at various stages of their life cycle, and 13 microsatellite markers could be used to assign these fish to their parents. Marques da Cunha L., Uppal A., Seddon E., Nusbaumer D., Vermeirssen E.L.M., Wedekind C. 2019. No additive genetic variance for tolerance to ethynylestradiol exposure in natural populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta). Evol. Appl. 12(5), 940-950. (doi:10.1111/eva.12767).

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Adult breeding monarch relative abundance

Many insects are in clear decline, with monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) drawing particular attention as a flagship species. It is well documented that, among migratory populations, numbers of overwintering monarchs have been falling across several decades, but trends among breeding monarchs are less clear. Here, we compile > 135,000 monarch observations between 1993-2018 from the North American Butterfly Association's annual butterfly count to examine spatiotemporal patterns and potential drivers of adult monarch relative abundance trends across the entire breeding range in eastern and western North America. While the data revealed declines at some sites, particularly the US Northeast and parts of the Midwest, numbers in other areas, notably the US Southeast and Northwest, were unchanged or increasing, yielding a slightly positive overall trend across the species range. Negative impacts of agricultural glyphosate use appeared to be counterbalanced by positive effects of annual temperature, particularly in the US Midwest. Overall, our results suggest that population growth in summer is compensating for losses during the winter and that changing environmental variables have offsetting effects on mortality and/or reproduction. We suggest that density-dependent reproductive compensation when lower numbers arrive each spring is currently able to maintain relatively stable breeding monarch numbers. However, we caution against complacency since accelerating climate change may bring growing threats. Our data also suggest that increases of summer monarchs in some regions, especially in the west and far south, may reflect replacement of migratory with resident populations. Nonetheless, it is perhaps reassuring that ubiquitous downward trends in summer monarch abundance are not evident.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Data from: AgMate: an optimal mating software versus other mate pair designing methods on long-term breeding of Pinus taeda L

Breeding objectives aim to optimize two crucial but contrasting goals of maximizing genetic gain while managing genetic diversity. In advanced generations, this becomes a challenge in monoecious conifer tree species breeding programs because they suffer from inbreeding. Developing an algorithm that maximizes genetic gain while maintaining genetic diversity for monoecious species is imperative. While methods and algorithms for animal breeding are well-established, an efficient algorithm suited to monoecious species remains elusive. Towards this goal, we have adopted an evolutionary genetic algorithm, the Differential Evolution algorithm, to optimize mate pair designing in Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), a widely planted pine species in the southern USA. AgMate, an optimal mating for monoecious species software, is a multi-functional, completely automated optimization software. It utilizes genetic relationships and breeding values as input to create an optimal mating list. AgMate maximizes the genetic gain and minimizes the increase in average coancestry and inbreeding in the proposed progeny. AgMate was more effective in optimizing mating lists than positive assortative mating and random mating in short-term and long-term settings. AgMate mating list resulted in an average 93% genetic gain each cycle for ten cycles while simultaneously minimizing the increase in coancestry to 0.086. The framework and methods adapted for Pinus taeda are also relevant to the breeding of other monoecious species.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Impact of human disturbance on the abundance of non-breeding shorebirds in a subtropical wetland

Shorebird populations have declined due to several threats throughout their annual cycle. Anthropogenic disturbance is one of the most ubiquitous threats to shorebird conservation in North America. Here, we studied the influence of human disturbance on shorebird community dynamics during migration and winter in Ensenada de La Paz, a subtropical coastal wetland in Mexico. We used negative binomial generalized linear mixed models to investigate the associations between spatial, biological, and anthropogenic variation and local shorebird abundance that accounted for shorebird body size (small, medium, and large) and foraging strategy (visual and tactile) of 21 shorebird species. After controlling for these different correlates of abundance, human disturbance (people, vehicles, and dogs) was negatively associated with shorebird abundance. During winter, all shorebird species were negatively related to human disturbance but positively associated with presence of raptors. However, small, tactile foraging birds exhibited a proportionally larger negative response to human disturbance than other shorebird types, indicative of guild-level sensitivities to human disturbance regimes. The positive association between shorebird abundance and disturbance from predators was unexpected. Shorebirds likely concentrate in large groups to reduce predation risk, resulting in higher densities of shorebirds occurring in areas with high predation risk. Understanding factors influencing the abundance and habitat use of shorebirds on their non-breeding grounds is paramount to support management and conservation policies for shorebirds and their habitats.