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497 results for “Caatinga”
Data from: Human activities influence the occupancy probability of mammalian carnivores in the Brazilian Caatinga
The Caatinga is a semi-arid domain, characterized by reduced humidity and high rates of anthropogenic impact. In addition to the low availability of water, carnivorous mammals are still exposed to a number of threats related to landscape modifications. We used data from camera traps and occupancy models to investigate the habitat use by carnivores in an area of Caatinga in northeastern Brazil. We found a negative correlation between the presence of wind farms and the occupancy probability of the jaguar, and a positive relationship with the presence of the jaguarundi. Puma and jaguarundi occupied primarily sites near watercourses, whereas the occupancy of the crab-eating fox was correlated positively with the presence of poachers. The ocelot was detected more frequently at sites distant from human settlements, whereas the jaguar was detected more often in areas far from wind farms. We found a negative correlation between the distance of water and the detection of the ocelot. The detection of the crab-eating fox was influenced positively by the detection of cattle. In addition to the negative influence of some anthropic activities, our results indicate that water is a very important resource for species, and the few permanent sources of this resource available in the area must be preserved. The replication of our research in other systems, worldwide, that are experiencing similar pressures, should permit a systematic evaluation of the management and conservation strategies needed to rebuild or maintain populations, restore ecosystems, and support conservation policies in human-altered landscapes.
Data from: Functional diversity and composition of Caatinga woody flora are negatively impacted by chronic anthropogenic disturbance
Tropical plant assemblages can be taxonomically and phylogenetically impoverished by chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD), such as firewood collection and extensive grazing. However, to what extent the functional dimension responds to CAD is still unclear. Such knowledge is urgently required for predicting, preventing or even reversing the impacts of CAD. Chronic anthropogenic disturbance may operate as an ecological filter by selecting functional trait values (e.g. low wood density), thereby altering the functional composition and diversity of plant assemblages. We tested this hypothesis using 29 woody plant assemblages across three ontogenetic stages (seedlings, saplings and adults) in a 220‐km2 landscape of the Caatinga, northeast Brazil. We adopted a CAD index consisting of four indicators (proximity to urban centre and houses and the density of both people and livestock) and tested how well it explained the functional diversity and effect sizes (richness, evenness and dispersion) and composition (community‐weighted mean). Chronic anthropogenic disturbance affected several functional metrics across the three ontogenetic stages. However, CAD effects were stronger in adult communities by negatively affecting functional richness, dispersion and their effect sizes. CAD also altered the functional composition of leaf mass per area, woody density and leaf area of adult assemblages. Sapling communities were affected in terms of functional composition (leaf area, leaf dry matter and wood density), with positive and negative effects, while seedling assemblages responded positively to CAD only in terms of functional evenness and its effect size. Some changes in functional metrics were influenced by dominant Euphorbiaceae species across ontogenetic stages, especially in terms of leaf area and woody density. Synthesis. Chronic anthropogenic disturbance is an important driver of plant‐community functional organization across ontogenetic stages in the Caatinga. Adult assemblages are particularly sensitive and tend to lose functional niche space and support more acquisitive rather than conservative strategies as chronic anthropogenic disturbance increases. The proliferation of Euphorbiaceae disturbance‐adapted species can explain part of the community responses to chronic anthropogenic disturbance. Our findings highlight the ecological effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance and show that it is a key influence on tropical biotas. Changes in plant functional traits associated with plant resource use are likely to affect ecosystem functioning and services provided by Caatinga.
FIGURES 21–24. Oligoxystre caatinga n in A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Oligoxystre Vellard 1924 (Theraphosidae, Ischnocolinae)
FIGURES 21–24. Oligoxystre caatinga n. sp. 21–23. Holotype male IBSP 9487. 21. Tibial apophysis, ventral-prolateral view. 22. Bulb, retrolateral view. 23. Bulb, prolateral view. 24. Paratype female, IBSP 8549, spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale = 1mm.
FIGURES 38–39. Habitus. 38. Oligoxystre caatinga n in A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Oligoxystre Vellard 1924 (Theraphosidae, Ischnocolinae)
FIGURES 38–39. Habitus. 38. Oligoxystre caatinga n. sp., female, from Central, Bahia, Brazil. 39. Oligoxystre rufoniger n. sp., female, from Central, Bahia, Brazil (photos: R. Pinto-da-Rocha).
FIGURES 1–11. Spurostigma caatinga n in A new species of Spurostigma Eertmoed (Psocodea: ' Psocoptera': Spurostigmatidae) from Brazil
FIGURES 1–11. Spurostigma caatinga n. sp. (male). 1. Front view of head. 2. Right antenna. 3. Distal flagellomeres of right antenna. 4. Right hind leg. 5. Pretarsal claw of right hind leg. 6. Forewing. 7. Hindwing. 8. Lacinial tip. 9. Hypandrium. 10. Phallosome. 11. Clunium, paraprocts and epiproct. Scales in µm.
FIGURE 9 in Ultrastructural analysis and polymorphisms in Coarazuphium caatinga (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle
FIGURE 9. Proleg of Coarazuphium caatinga sp. n. (A) Scanning electron micrograph showing lateral view of profemur. (B) Scanning electron micrograph showing a close-up on apical portion of fifth tarsomere. (C) Position of articuloseta, on protarsomeres and a scanning electron micrograph showing a close-up on articuloseta. Scale bar (A = 100 Μm. and B, C = 20 Μm).
FIGURE 10 in Ultrastructural analysis and polymorphisms in Coarazuphium caatinga (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle
FIGURE 10. Picture showing differences among Coarazuphium caatinga sp. n. and C. formoso Aedeagus. (A), (B) and (C) Left lateral, dorsal and right lateral view, respectively, of C. caatinga. (D), (E) and (F) Left lateral, dorsal and right lateral view, respectively, of C. formoso. Scale bar (A, B, C, D, E and F = 200 Μm).
FIGURE 5 in Ultrastructural analysis and polymorphisms in Coarazuphium caatinga (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle
FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrograph showing antennal segments and sensilla in Coarazuphium caatinga sp. n. s.ch. show sensilla chaetica, s.t. trichoid sensilla, s.b. sensilla basiconica, s.co. coeloconic sensilla, B.s. BÖhm sensilla. ACP, appendages of cuticular plates. (A) Scape, pedicel and first flagellum. (B) Terminal antennomer. Scale bar (A, B = 20 Μm).
FIGURE 2 in Ultrastructural analysis and polymorphisms in Coarazuphium caatinga (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle
FIGURE 2. Coarazuphium caatinga sp. n. (A) Habitus from paratype 1. (B) Head and pronotum lateral view. (C) Prothorax, ventral view. (D) Aedeagus, left lateral view. (E) Aedeagus, dorsal view (F) Aedeagus, right lateral view. Scale bar (A = 2 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 0.857 mm and D, E, F = 0.25 mm).
FIGURE 8 in Ultrastructural analysis and polymorphisms in Coarazuphium caatinga (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle
FIGURE 8.Scanning electron micrograph showing mouth parts (A) Labium with labial palpus from Coarazuphium caatinga sp. n., lp1 = first labial palp, lp2 = second labial palp and lp3 = third labial palp. (B) Dorsal view of the labrum from Coarazuphium caatinga sp. n. Scale bar (A = 200 Μm; B = 100 Μm).
FIGURE 12. Picture showing differences among Coarazuphium formoso and C in Ultrastructural analysis and polymorphisms in Coarazuphium caatinga (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle
FIGURE 12. Picture showing differences among Coarazuphium formoso and C. caatinga sp. n. (A) Head of C. formoso. (B) Head of C. caatinga sp. n. (C) Elytra`s sinuosity of C. formoso. (D) Elytra`s sinuosity of C. caatinga sp. n. Scale bar (A–D = 500 Μm).
FIGURE 4 in Ultrastructural analysis and polymorphisms in Coarazuphium caatinga (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle
FIGURE 4. Different Coarazuphium caatinga sp. n. specimes, showing differences in ocular area size. Dashed circles indicate each specimen eyes size. Eyes scale bar from left to right, from the top to the bottom: 126 Μm; 106 Μm; 97 Μm; 146 Μm; 103 Μm; 93 Μm; 141 Μm; 110 Μm.
FIGURE 1 in Ultrastructural analysis and polymorphisms in Coarazuphium caatinga (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle
FIGURE 1. (A) Localization of Campo Formoso, type municipality at Bahia state, Brazil. (B) Live specimen of Coarazuphium caatinga sp. n. (C) Toca do Gonçalo Cave entrance. (D) Conduct of Toca do Gonçalo Cave.
FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrograph showing maxilla. m.p in Ultrastructural analysis and polymorphisms in Coarazuphium caatinga (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle
FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrograph showing maxilla. m.p. = maxillary palp; g = galea; l = lacinia. (A) Right maxilla, dorsal view from Coarazuphium caatinga sp. n. (B) Right galea apices, dorsal view from C. caatinga sp. n. (C) Right maxillary palp apices from C. caatinga sp. n. (D) Close-up on maxillary palp apices, view of a probable sensilla organ from C. caatinga sp. n. (E) Right maxillary palp apices from Coarazuphium formoso. (F) Close-up on maxillary palp apices, view of a probable sensilla organ from C. formoso. Scale bar (A = 200 Μm; B, C = 20 Μm; D, E = 10 Μm; F = 100 Μm).
FIGURE 11 in Ultrastructural analysis and polymorphisms in Coarazuphium caatinga (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle
FIGURE 11. Coarazuphium caatinga sp. n. female genitalia and pygidial glands. (A) Female abdomen picture and genitalia drawings. (B) Female abdomen picture with contrast showing genitalia. (C) Schematic drawing on female genitalia, gc1 = gonocoxite 1; gc2 = gonocoxite 2; lt = Laterotergite; bc = bursa copulatrix; bs = bursal saculus; co = common oviduct; ssg = secondary spermatheca gland; sp = spermatheca. Scale bar (A,B = 200 Μm; C = 250 Μm).
FIGURE 6 in Ultrastructural analysis and polymorphisms in Coarazuphium caatinga (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle
FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrograph showing ventral view from left mandible. (A) Coarazuphium caatinga sp. n. (B) C. formoso. Scale bar (A, B = 100 Μm).
FIGURE 13 in Three new species of Seira Lubbock (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Caatinga Domain, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 13. Detailed dorsal chaetotaxy of Seira harena sp. nov. A. Abd. III (left side); B. Abd. IV (left side); C. Distribution of dorsal macrochaetae (right side). Symbols as for Figure 2.
FIGURE 12 in Three new species of Seira Lubbock (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Caatinga Domain, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 12. Detailed dorsal chaetotaxy of Seira harena sp. nov. (left side) A. Mesothorax; B. Metathorax; C. Abd. I; D. Abd. II. Symbols as for Figure 2.
FIGURE 10 in Three new species of Seira Lubbock (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Caatinga Domain, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 10. Seira harena sp. nov.: A, habitus; B, apical region of Ant. IV; C, left eye patch; D, labial triangle setae (left side); E, Metatrochanteral organ; F, first empodial complex; G, second empodial complex; H, third empodial complex; I, blunt macrochaetae on distal manubrium and proximal dens; J, distal dens and mucro. Symbols as for Figure 2.
FIGURE 8 in Three new species of Seira Lubbock (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Caatinga Domain, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 8. Detailed dorsal chaetotaxy of Seira primaria sp. nov. (left side) A. Mesothorax; B. Metathorax; C. Abd. I; D. Abd. II. Symbols as for Figure 2.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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