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Fig. 9 in Revisionary study of the armored catfish Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) over 180 years after its discovery by Darwin, with description of a new species

Fig. 9. Sexual dimorphism in Corydoras froehlichi, showing (a) the slender and more elongated pelvic fin on males, MCP 12945, 42.4 mm SL, paratype, and (b) the shorter and rounded pelvic fin on females, MCP 12945, 44.4 mm SL, paratype. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 4 in Revisionary study of the armored catfish Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) over 180 years after its discovery by Darwin, with description of a new species

Fig. 4. Pectoral-fin spine of cleared-and-stained specimens of (a) Corydoras paleatus, UFRGS 1722, 37.6 mm SL, and (b) Corydoras froehlichi, MCP 13388, 40.2 mm SL, paratype. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 5 in Revisionary study of the armored catfish Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) over 180 years after its discovery by Darwin, with description of a new species

Fig. 5. Uncatalogued live specimen of Corydoras paleatus with approximately 43.0 mm SL, from the Laguna del Diario, Maldonado, Uruguay. Photo by Hans-Georg Evers.

Fig. 1 in The complete mitochondrial genome of Corydoras nattereri (Callichthyidae: Corydoradinae)

Fig. 1. Circular representation of the mitochondrial genome of Corydoras nattereri. Genes encoded in the heavy strand are shown in the outer circle and genes encoded in the light strand are offset inwards. The inner circle represents the CG-content. Figure was generated by the online server MitoFish, http://mitofish.aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp (Iwasaki et al., 2012).

Fig. 3 in Revisionary study of the armored catfish Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) over 180 years after its discovery by Darwin, with description of a new species

Fig. 3. Lateral view of the head of cleared-and-stained specimens of (a) Corydoras paleatus, UFRGS 1722, 37.6 mm SL, and (b) Corydoras froehlichi, MCP 13388, 40.2 mm SL, paratype. Abbreviations: io1: infraorbital 1, io2: infraorbital 2, sph: sphenotic, cpt: compound pterotic. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 1 in Revisionary study of the armored catfish Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) over 180 years after its discovery by Darwin, with description of a new species

Fig. 1. Lectotype of Callichthys paleatus, BMNH 1917.7.14.18, 1, 31.0 mm SL, uncertain locality, collected by Charles Darwin between the years of 1832-1836. Lateral, dorsal and ventral views. Photo by Mark Allen, copyright Natural History Museum, London.

Fig. 2 in Revisionary study of the armored catfish Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) over 180 years after its discovery by Darwin, with description of a new species

Fig. 2. Specimen of Corydoras paleatus, NRM 54230, 1, 53.5 mm SL, captured in córrego Sarandí, Canelones, Uruguay, near to the most plausible type-locality of C. paleatus, the Laguna del Diario, in Maldonado. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views. Photo by Celso Ikedo.

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Fig. 7. Corydoras araguaiaensis, MZUSP 87155, 45.8 in A new Corydoras Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Araguaia basin, Brazil, with comments about Corydoras araguaiaensis Sands, 1990

Fig. 7. Corydoras araguaiaensis, MZUSP 87155, 45.8 mm SL, showing the general color pattern of the species in lateral view. Photo by Celso Ikedo.

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Fig. 8 in A new Corydoras Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Araguaia basin, Brazil, with comments about Corydoras araguaiaensis Sands, 1990

Fig. 8. Uncatalogued aquarium specimen of Corydoras araguaiaensis attributed to C45, showing the general color pattern of the species in lateral view. Photo by Hans-Georg Evers.

FIGURE 12 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 12 | Map showing the type locality of Corydoras colossus (orange star), the rio Jutaí close to its outfall into the rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil.

FIGURE 10 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 10 | Variations in color pattern in life of Corydoras colossus in lateral view, showing the general color pattern in life of the holotype (A); MNRJ 54421, 44.5 mm SL), a paratype with a paler pattern (B); not labelled as photographed after preservation, catalog number untraceable), and of an uncatalogued aquarium specimen (not measured) with a darker pattern (C). Photos by Steven Grant.

FIGURE 9 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 9 | Coalescent platelets on ventral surface of trunk in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL), forming the typical mosaic-like pattern. Area in detail outlined (dotted line) in black in the miniature photo of the holotype (MNRJ 54421, 44.5 mm SL) in ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 8 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 8 | General morphology of caudal skeleton in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 43.1 mm SL), showing the small cartilage (outlined in red) between upper principal and procurrent caudal-fin rays. Abbreviations: ccc: compound caudal centrum, cfr: caudal-fin principal rays, dpcr: dorsal procurrent rays, epu: epural, has: haemal spine, hyp 1–5: hypurals 1 to 5, nes: neural spine, par: parhypural, pu 2–4: preural centra 2 to 4, un: uroneural, vpcr: ventral procurrent rays. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish's body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 7 | Pelvic girdle in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 43.1 mm SL). Abbreviations: bp: basipterygium, pae: anterior external process, pai: anterior internal process, pi: dorsal ischiac process. Pelvic girdle position shown in red in the miniature photo of the holotype (MNRJ 54421, 44.5 mm SL) in ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 6 | General color pattern in life of an uncatalogued aquarium specimen in dorsal view (A), showing its predorsal region in detail (B); general color pattern of anterior portion of body of another uncatalogued aquarium specimen, showing its head and anterior portion of trunk in lateral view (C) and the detail of the axillary region in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL), which is indicated by the grey arrow. Red arrows in (B) indicate that the extremities of the V-shaped iridescent patch, which seem to point towards the origin of each dorsal and pectoral spines in dorsal view; similarly, the white arrows in (C) indicates the roughly arched iridescent area from pectoral-fin origin to dorsal-fin origin in lateral view. Red arrow in (C) indicates the iridescent patch on lateral portion of cleithrum, above axillary gland region, which is located just dorsally to axillary gland opening (indicated by the grey arrow base). Yellow arrow indicates the axillary gland opening, and the transparent white area represents the soft tissue covering the axillary region in non c&s specimens. Abbreviations: cl: cleithrum, pfs: pectoral-fin spine, sco: scapulocoracoid. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photos A and B by Wei-Chieh Tseng, photo C by Daniel Konn-Vetterlein.

FIGURE 4 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 4 | Infraorbital series in lateral view (A), region of orbit in dorsal view (B), and suspensorium plus operculum in lateral view of a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL). Abbreviations: aa: angulo-articular, d: dentary, f: frontal, hym: hyomandibula, io1–2: infraorbital 1 and 2, iop: interopercle, mp: metapterygoid, op: opercle, pop: preopercle, prh: posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, q: quadrate, sph: sphenotic. Yellow arrows indicate the inner laminar expansion of both infraorbitals. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish's body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 3 | Top of head and predorsal region of trunk of a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL) in dorsal view. Abbreviations: f: frontal, n: nasal, np: nuchal plate, pes: pteroticextrascapular, pso: parieto-supraoccipital, sph: sphenotic. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish's body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 1 | Corydoras colossus, holotype, MNRJ 54421, 44.5 mm SL, Jutaí, Amazonas, Brazil, rio Jutaí, reportedly near confluence with rio Solimões, rio Amazonas basin.

FIGURE 5 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 5 | Lateral view of (A) the dorsal-fin spine and dorsal view of (B) the left pectoral-fin spine in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL), showing their serration patterns. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish's body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 11 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 11 | Breeding pair (A), female on the left and male on the right, plus an ontogenetic series of Corydoras colossus (bred under aquarium conditions) showing general changes in external morphology and color pattern in specimens with (B) 9.0 mm TL, (C) 13.0 mm TL; (D) 17.0 mm TL, and (E) 22.0 mm TL. Photos by Hans Evers.