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130 results for “Charadriiformes”
Figure 15 in Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion
Figure 15. Phylogenetic tree proposed by Pereira & Baker (2005) for species of Tringa and allied genera, with Phalaropus as the most closely related out-group.
Figure 9. Subtree A in Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion
Figure 9. Subtree A. Majority rule consensus (MRC) tree for species of Pedionomidae, Jacanidae, Rostratulidae, and Glareolidae in the present study. Percentages for branches in the MRC are given above the branches (•, 100%), and bootstrap percentages are given below branches (O, <50%; •, 100%).
Figure 11. Subtree C in Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion
Figure 11. Subtree C. Majority rule consensus (MRC) tree for species of Vanellinae in the present study. See Figure 9 for definitions of the symbols used.
Figure 10. Subtree B in Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion
Figure 10. Subtree B. Majority rule consensus (MRC) tree for Pluvianellidae and Chionididae, terminals for Alcidae, Stercorariidae, Larinae, Sterninae, and Rynchopidae, and species of Burhinidae, Ibidorhynchidae, Recurvirostridae, Haematopodidae, and Dromadidae in the present study. See Figure 9 for definitions of the symbols used.
Figure 6 in Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion
Figure 6. Prior phylogenetic analyses of Charadriiformes: A, Baker et al. (2007); B, Fain & Houde (2007).
Figure 8 in Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion
Figure 8. Higher-order groups of Charadriiformes in the present study. Majority rule consensus (MRC) tree for subordinal and family-group nodes. All nodes shown are conserved at 100% in an MRC tree. Dashes indicate nodes that are either monotypic or analysed as familial exemplars; bootstrap percentages (O, <50%; •, 100%); decay (Bremer) indices are given below selected branches.
Figure 3 in Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion
Figure 3. Prior phylogenetic analyses of Charadriiformes: A, Paton et al. (2003); B, Fain & Houde (2004).
Figure 1 in Phylogenetics of modern shorebirds (Charadriiformes) based on phenotypic evidence: analysis and discussion
Figure 1. Prior phylogenetic analyses of Charadriiformes: A, Strauch (1978); B, Sibley & Ahlquist (1990) fide Harshman (1994).
Rainy cycles in South America as a driver for the breeding of Rynchops niger and Phaetusa simplex (Aves: Charadriiformes)
<p><strong>THIS IS THE DATASET for the following work:<br> <br> ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p><em>Rynchops niger</em> and <em>Phaetusa simplex</em> are two migratory waterbirds that breed simultaneously on many river beaches in South America. Both are polytypic taxa with little information about the distribution and non-breeding ("wintering") areas. Based on data from the literature, fieldwork, and specimens housed in natural history museums we revised the distribution of some of the main breeding colonies in South America, comparing it with the rainy cycles in the continent to identify generalities about the role of precipitation seasonality on the defining intratropical migration routes of these species. Our data suggest that the seasonal precipitation cycle of South America directly influences the reproductive timing and distribution of both species, which is largely circumscribed by South America's rivers. After breeding on sandy beaches during the dry season, both species disperse in small groups or even individually – not in large flocks as seen in breeding areas – making it difficult to find general migration patterns during the rainy season. Nonetheless, individuals of both species tend to follow the course of the largest rivers of the continent and even alternative routes to disperse into several areas throughout South America during the non-breeding season.</p>
Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes)
<div> <div> <div> <p>Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) are a globally distributed clade of modern birds and, due to their ecological and morphological disparity, a frequent subject of comparative studies. While molecular phylogenies have been key to establishing the suprafamilial backbone of the charadriiform tree, a number of relationships at both deep and shallow taxonomic levels remain poorly resolved. The timescale of shorebird evolution also remains uncertain as a result of extensive disagreements among the published divergence dating studies, stemming largely from different choices of fossil calibrations. Here, we present the most comprehensive non-supertree phylogeny of shorebirds to date, based on a total-evidence dataset comprising 353 ingroup taxa (90% of all extant or recently extinct species), 27 loci (15 mitochondrial and 12 nuclear), and 69 morphological characters. We further clarify the timeline of charadriiform evolution by time-scaling this phylogeny using a set of 14 up-to-date and thoroughly vetted fossil calibrations. In addition, we assemble a taxonomically restricted 100-locus dataset specifically designed to resolve outstanding problems in higher-level charadriiform phylogeny. In terms of tree topology, our results are largely congruent with previous studies but indicate that some of the conflicts among earlier analyses reflect a genuine signal of pervasive gene tree discordance. Monophyly of the plovers (Charadriidae), the position of the ibisbill (<em>Ibidorhyncha</em>), and the relationships among the five subfamilies of the gulls (Laridae) could not be resolved even with greatly increased locus and taxon sampling. Moreover, several localized regions of uncertainty persist in shallower parts of the tree, including the interrelationships of the true auks (Alcinae) and anarhynchine plovers. Our node-dating and macroevolutionary rate analyses find support for a Paleocene origin of crown-group shorebirds, as well as exceptionally rapid recent radiations of Old World oystercatchers (Haematopodidae) and select genera of gulls. Our study underscores the challenges involved in estimating a comprehensively sampled and carefully calibrated time tree for a diverse avian clade, and highlights areas in need of further research.</p> </div> </div> </div>
FIGURE 11. Cherevychnavis umanskae, Cherevychne 3 in A new species of the late Miocene charadriiform bird (Aves: Charadriiformes), with a summary of all Paleogene and Miocene Charadrii remains
FIGURE 11. Cherevychnavis umanskae, Cherevychne 3, Ukraine, late Miocene (red asterisk, present study) on the background of the location of all known Paleogene and Miocene finds of the suborder Charadrii (white circles). 1, Recurvirostra sp., California, USA, middle Miocene (Miller, 1961); 2, Himantopus olsoni, Recurvirostra sp., and Charadrius sp., Arizona, USA, late Miocene-early Pliocene (Bickart, 1990); 3, Burhinus lucorum, Nebraska, USA, early Miocene (Bickart, 1981); 4, Recurvirostra sanctaeneboulae, France, early Eocene (Mourer-Chauviré, 1978); 5, Genucrassum bransatensis, France, late Oligocene (De Pietri & Scofield, 2014); 6, three specimens of the Charadrii including cf. Haematopodidae and cf. Charadriidae, France, early Miocene (De Pietri et al., 2013); 7, Charadriidae, France, middle Miocene (Ballmann, 1972); 8, Charadriidae, Czechia, early Miocene (Mlíkovský, 2002); 9, Jiliniornis huadianensis, China, middle Eocene (Hou & Ericson, 2002); 10, Chionoides australiensis, South Australia, late Oligocene (De Pietri et al., 2016); 11, Neilus sansomae, New Zealand, early Miocene (De Pietri et al., 2016).
FIGURE 8 in A new species of the late Miocene charadriiform bird (Aves: Charadriiformes), with a summary of all Paleogene and Miocene Charadrii remains
FIGURE 8. Humerus, characters #1–7 (see text for details) that differentiate fossil Cherevychnavis umanskae from extant Charadrii genera.
FIGURE 7 in A new species of the late Miocene charadriiform bird (Aves: Charadriiformes), with a summary of all Paleogene and Miocene Charadrii remains
FIGURE 7. Referred material of Cherevychnavis umanskae sp. nov. (NMNHU-P, no.45-2452, proximal left humerus) in comparison to extant Charadrii species. Scale bars: 10mm.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of the late Miocene charadriiform bird (Aves: Charadriiformes), with a summary of all Paleogene and Miocene Charadrii remains
FIGURE 6. Coracoid, characters #20–22 (see text for details) that differentiate fossil Cherevychnavis umanskae from extant Charadrii genera.
FIGURE 10 in A new species of the late Miocene charadriiform bird (Aves: Charadriiformes), with a summary of all Paleogene and Miocene Charadrii remains
FIGURE 10. Humerus, characters #10–14 (see text for details) that differentiate fossil Cherevychnavis umanskae from extant Charadrii genera.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of the late Miocene charadriiform bird (Aves: Charadriiformes), with a summary of all Paleogene and Miocene Charadrii remains
FIGURE 3. Coracoid, characters #8–11 (see text for details) that differentiate fossil Cherevychnavis umanskae from extant Charadrii genera.
FIGURE 9 in A new species of the late Miocene charadriiform bird (Aves: Charadriiformes), with a summary of all Paleogene and Miocene Charadrii remains
FIGURE 9. Humerus, characters #8–9 (see text for details) that differentiate fossil Cherevychnavis umanskae from extant Charadrii genera.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of the late Miocene charadriiform bird (Aves: Charadriiformes), with a summary of all Paleogene and Miocene Charadrii remains
FIGURE 1. Holotype of Cherevychnavis umanskae sp. nov. (NMNHU-P, no.45-2453, left coracoid) in comparison to extant Charadrii species. Scale bars: 10 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of the late Miocene charadriiform bird (Aves: Charadriiformes), with a summary of all Paleogene and Miocene Charadrii remains
FIGURE 2. Coracoid, characters #1–7 (see text for details) that differentiate fossil Cherevychnavis umanskae from extant Charadrii genera.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of the late Miocene charadriiform bird (Aves: Charadriiformes), with a summary of all Paleogene and Miocene Charadrii remains
FIGURE 5. Coracoid, characters #16–19 (see text for details) that differentiate fossil Cherevychnavis umanskae from extant Charadrii genera.
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