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Fig. 3 in A new species of Lycodon (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Deccan Plateau of India, with notes on the range of Lycodon travancoricus (Beddome, 1870) and a revised key to peninsular Indian forms

Fig. 3. Map showing the type locality and distribution records of Lycodon deccanensis sp. nov. Type locality (Devarayana Durga) marked with a red dot.

Fig. 13 in Notes on the natural history and morphology of the Ningshan Lined Snake (Stichophanes ningshaanensis Yuen, 1983; Ophidia: Colubridae) and its distribution in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China

Fig. 13. Comparison of typical head scales and head shapes of Oligodon (top); 8 supralabials, 4 and 5 in contact with eye, 2 pre-oculars, 2 post-oculars, 1+2 temporals, 1 loreal, enlarged, upturned rostral scale, to the head scales of Stichophanes (bottom); 6 supralabials, 3 and 4 in contact with eye, 1 pre-ocular, 2 post-oculars, 1+2 temporals, no loreal, blunt rostral scale. Photos by Kevin R. Messenger.

Fig. 7 in Notes on the natural history and morphology of the Ningshan Lined Snake (Stichophanes ningshaanensis Yuen, 1983; Ophidia: Colubridae) and its distribution in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China

Fig. 7. Courtship behavior by the male, rubbing his chin along the female, observed on 28 June 2006. Photo by Kevin R. Messenger.

Fig. 9. Nine eggs from a female measuring 533 in Notes on the natural history and morphology of the Ningshan Lined Snake (Stichophanes ningshaanensis Yuen, 1983; Ophidia: Colubridae) and its distribution in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China

Fig. 9. Nine eggs from a female measuring 533 mm SVL and 673 mm TL on 30 June 2006. Photo by Kevin R. Messenger.

Fig. 1 in Notes on the natural history and morphology of the Ningshan Lined Snake (Stichophanes ningshaanensis Yuen, 1983; Ophidia: Colubridae) and its distribution in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China

Fig. 1. Locations of field stations and of Stichophanes ningshaanensis (n = 22) within the Shennongjia NNR.

Fig. 12 in Notes on the natural history and morphology of the Ningshan Lined Snake (Stichophanes ningshaanensis Yuen, 1983; Ophidia: Colubridae) and its distribution in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China

Fig. 12. Comparison of right maxillae; Oligodon on the top, with the characteristic kukri-shaped rear teeth which it uses to saw into eggs, distinguished from the anterior teeth (from Coleman et al. 1993), Stichophanes on the bottom, anterior teeth all the same, and a lack of rear-specialized teeth (from Wang et al. 2014).

Fig. 3 in Notes on the natural history and morphology of the Ningshan Lined Snake (Stichophanes ningshaanensis Yuen, 1983; Ophidia: Colubridae) and its distribution in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China

Fig. 3. Close up of the head, showing detail of the scales, and illustrating the indistinct neck of the species. Photo by Kevin R. Messenger.

Fig. 6 in Notes on the natural history and morphology of the Ningshan Lined Snake (Stichophanes ningshaanensis Yuen, 1983; Ophidia: Colubridae) and its distribution in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China

Fig. 6. Tail-curling defensive behavior characteristic of Oligodon: O. formosanus (left), O. ornatus (right), and enlarged rostral scale. Photos by Kevin R. Messenger.

Fig. 5 in Notes on the natural history and morphology of the Ningshan Lined Snake (Stichophanes ningshaanensis Yuen, 1983; Ophidia: Colubridae) and its distribution in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China

Fig. 5. Typical habitat of Stichophanes ningshaanensis in the Pingqian area pre-2013. Photo by Kevin R. Messenger.

Fig. 15 in Notes on the natural history and morphology of the Ningshan Lined Snake (Stichophanes ningshaanensis Yuen, 1983; Ophidia: Colubridae) and its distribution in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China

Fig. 15. Left: underside view of Pareas vindumi (from Vogel 2015), showing the lack of a mental groove due to asymmetrical chin shields. Right: underside view of Stichophanes (from Wang et al. 2014), showing symmetrical chin shields and the presence of a mental groove.

Fig. 16 in Notes on the natural history and morphology of the Ningshan Lined Snake (Stichophanes ningshaanensis Yuen, 1983; Ophidia: Colubridae) and its distribution in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China

Fig. 16. Downtown Pingqian. Stichophanes ningshaanensis was commonly found crossing this road and in the habitat adjacent to the road. Picture taken June 2011. Photo by Kevin R. Messenger.

Fig. 14 in Notes on the natural history and morphology of the Ningshan Lined Snake (Stichophanes ningshaanensis Yuen, 1983; Ophidia: Colubridae) and its distribution in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China

Fig. 14. Photograph of Pareas formosensis (van Denburgh 1909) from Taiwan, illustrating the concave tongue notch opening that is typical of Pareas members. Photo by Daniel Rosenberg.

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Fig. 1 in Out of the Past: A new species of Tantilla of the calamarina group (Squamata: Colubridae) from southeastern coastal Guerrero, Mexico, with comments on relationships among members of the group

Fig. 1. Dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views of the head of the holotype of Tantilla carolina sp. nov. (BMNH 1906.6.1.241).

Fig. 11 in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 11. Maximum likelihood phylograms of cox1 data (Alignment 4; 549 nt) for selected members of the Proteocephalidae. Bootstrap support from maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) nodal support are indicated as ML/BI; values <0.90 (BI) and <70 (ML) are not shown. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site. The newly generated sequences are highlighted in bold. Abbreviations of the U.S. states where the samples were collected: AR – Arkansas; MS – Mississippi; OK – Oklahoma. Abbreviations of biogeographical regions: NEA – Nearctic; NEO – Neotropical.

Fig. 9 in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 9. Maximum likelihood phylogram based on 28S rDNA data for selected members of the Proteocephalidae. Bootstrap support from maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) nodal support are indicated as ML/BI; values <0.90 (BI) and <70 (ML) are not shown. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site. The newly generated sequences are highlighted in bold. The hosts are indicated by silhouettes. The sequence of O. europaea obtained from a fish intermediate host is indicated by an asterisk. Abbreviations of the U.S. states where the samples were collected: AR – Arkansas; MS – Mississippi; OK – Oklahoma. Abbreviations of biogeographical regions: NEA – Nearctic; NEO – Neotropical; PAL – Palaearctic.

Fig. 8. Ophiotaenia tkachi n in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 8. Ophiotaenia tkachi n. sp. from Nerodia fasciata confluens, host US 952 (MHNG-PLAT-0130134) (A, B, E, F) and N. erythrogaster, host US 1118 (G, H), and O. perspicua La Rue (1911) (C, D) from Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer (US 951), all samples from Oklahoma, USA. A, B – cross sections at the testicular and ovarian level, respectively; C, D – eggs; E–H – unripe eggs (without fully formed oncospheres), drawn in distilled water.

Fig. 10 in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 10. Maximum likelihood phylograms of cox1 data (Alignment 3; 1608 nt) for selected members of the Proteocephalidae. Bootstrap support from maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) nodal support are indicated as ML/BI; values <0.90 (BI) and <70 (ML) are not shown. The scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site. The newly generated sequences are highlighted in bold. Abbreviations of the U.S. states where the samples were collected: AR – Arkansas; MS – Mississippi; OK – Oklahoma. Abbreviations of biogeographical regions: NEA – Nearctic; NEO – Neotropical.

Fig. 7. Ophiotaenia tkachi n in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 7. Ophiotaenia tkachi n. sp. from Nerodia fasciata confluens, host USA 21, Louisiana, USA, holotype (MHNG-PLAT-0063340). A, B – pregravid proglottids, ventral view; C, D – vaginal canal of unusual structure, ventral view (C) and en face view (D).

Fig. 5. Ophiotaenia laruei n in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 5. Ophiotaenia laruei n. sp. (A, B) from Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer, Illinois, USA (USNM 1696448) and Ophiotaenia sp. (C) from Thamnophis sirtalis, Michigan, USA (USNM 1351911). A – mature proglottid of holotype, dorsal view; B, C – terminal genitalia, dorsal view.

Fig. 4 in Discovering high species diversity of Ophiotaenia tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) of watersnakes (Colubridae) in North America

Fig. 4. Ophiotaenia perspicua La Rue, 1911 from Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer, host US 951, Oklahoma, USA (MHNG-PLAT-0130131). A – mature proglottid, dorsal view; B – pregravid proglottid, ventral view; C, D – cross sections of at the testicular and ovarian level, respectively; E – terminal genitalia (cirrus sac and terminal part of the vagina), dorsal view.