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FIGURE 4. Marphysa tribranchiata n in Three new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865 (Polychaeta: Eunicida: Eunicidae) from the south coast of China and redescription of Marphysa sinensis Monro, 1934

FIGURE 4. Marphysa tribranchiata n. sp. and pectinate chaetae variation present in the three new species. Light photographs A. Anterior end of holotype, dorsal view. B. Branchiae at median region of holotype. C. Right median parapodium of holotype, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Maxillary apparatus, dorsal view. F. Pygidium of holotype, lateral view. G. 2 types of pectinate chaetae of holotype, parapodium 195: (I) symmetrical anodont pectinate chaetae with about 14 teeth; (II) symmetrical isodont pectinate chaetae with about 17 teeth. H. Schematic drawings of pectinate chaetae present in posterior parapodia of three new species. I. symmetrical anodont with parallel 12 teeth; II. symmetrical isodont with 8–12 teeth; III. symmetrical isodont with about 14–16 teeth; IV.asymmetrical anodont with about 4 teeth; V. asymmetrical anodont with about 14 teeth; VI. asymmetrical anodont with about 17 teeth; VII. asymmetrical anodont with 14–18 teeth; VIII. asymmetrical anodont with 5–7 teeth; IX. asymmetrical isodont with more than 30 teeth. A, B, C, F, G. ASIZW0000348-2. D, E. ASIZW0000348-3. H. ASIZW0000348-2, ASIZW0000345-1, AM W.49069. Scale bars: A, B.= 2 mm. C = 0.5 mm. D, E, F = 1 mm. G = 0.2 mm. H = is not to scale.

FIGURE 5. Marphysa sessilobranchiata. A in One new species and two redescriptions of Marphysa (Eunicidae, Annelida) species of the Aenea-group from Australia

FIGURE 5. Marphysa sessilobranchiata. A. Anterior end of paratype, dorsal view. B. Anterior end of paratype, lateral view. C. Maxillary apparatus of non-type specimen, dorsal view. D. Left MxI, II, III, IV and V, dorsal view. E. Right MxI, II, IV and V, dorsal view. F. Right parapodium 4 of non-type specimen, anterior view. G. Right parapodium 7 of paratype, anterior view. H. Median parapodia, dorsolateral view. I. Right parapodium 21 of non-type specimen, anterior view. J. Right parapodium 116 of non-type specimen, anterior view, branchial stems attached to body wall. K. Left parapodium 5–6 of paratype, lateral view, neuroaciculae distributed in an oblique row. L. Compound falciger chaetae, right parapodium 7 of paratype. M. Compound falciger chaetae of paratype. N. Compound falciger chaetae serrated, parapodium 4. O. Curved thin pectinate chaetae, right parapodium 21. P. Curved thick pectinate chaeta, left parapodium 152. Q. Bidentate subacicular hook, right parapodium 76R. R. Subacicular hook bidentate, left parapodium 152. A, B, G, H, K–M, P, R. AM W.198420. C–F, I, J, N, O, Q. AM W.20292. Scale bars: A–G, I, J. 100 µm. H, K. 500 µm. L, N–R. 10 µm.

FIGURE 4 in One new species and two redescriptions of Marphysa (Eunicidae, Annelida) species of the Aenea-group from Australia

FIGURE 4. Neighbor joining tree based on cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences and Kimura-2-parameters model; bootstrap branch support above 70% shown on branches.

FIGURE 3. Marphysa pseudosessiloa n in One new species and two redescriptions of Marphysa (Eunicidae, Annelida) species of the Aenea-group from Australia

FIGURE 3. Marphysa pseudosessiloa n. sp. A. Anterior end of holotype, dorsal view. B. Anterior end of paratype, dorsal view. C. Anterior end of holotype, lateral view. D. Anterior end of paratype, lateral view. E. Anterior end of paratype, anterior view. F. Maxillary apparatus of paratype, dorsal view. G. Right parapodium 15 of paratype, anterior view. H. Left parapodium 31 of paratype, anterior view. I. Parapodium 3 of paratype. J. Parapodium 45 of paratype. K. Branchiae palmate, posterior view, left parapodium of chaetiger between 143 and 163 of paratype. L. Anterior parapodia, lateral view. M. Neurochaetae, acicula and subacicular hook, parapodium 185; arrow to shaft of wide pectinate chaeta. N. Compound falciger chaetae, parapodium 3. O. Compound falciger chaeta of paratype, parapodium 15. P. Compound falciger chaetae strongly serrated, parapodium 218 of paratype. Q. Neurochaetae, acicula, subacicular hook, parapodium 45 of paratype; arrow to shaft of thin pectinate chaeta. R. Thin pectinate chaeta, parapodium 81 of paratype. S. Curved thick pectinate chaetae, parapodium 218 of paratype. T. Subacicular hook bidentate, parapodium 143. A, C, L. AM W.37249. B, D, F, H–J, M, N, Q. AM W.37089. E, G, K, O, P, R- T. AM W.37250. Scale bars: A–D. 500 µm. E–L. 100 µm. M, N, P, Q, S, T. 10 µm. O, R. 2 µm. BrSt, branchial stem; NC, notopodial cirri.

FIGURE 1. Marphysa bifurcata. A in One new species and two redescriptions of Marphysa (Eunicidae, Annelida) species of the Aenea-group from Australia

FIGURE 1. Marphysa bifurcata. A. Anterior end of live specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end of holotype, dorsal view. C. Anterior end of non-type specimen, dorsal view. D. Anterior end, lateral view, eyes between antennophore and antennal styles. E. Anterior end, ventral view. F, G. Mandibles, ventral view, arrow to medioanterior tooth. H: Maxillary apparatus of holotype, dorsal view. I: Maxillary apparatus of non-type specimen, dorsal view. J. Left Mx III and IV. K. Right Mx IV, dorsal view. A. AM W.44582. B, H, J, K. AM W.6820. C. AM W.44633. D, E. AM W.44920. F. AM W.44632. G. AM W.44982. I. AM W.44977. Scale bars: B. 1 mm. C–K. 500 µm.

FIGURE 2. Marphysa bifurcata. A. Right parapodium 5, anterior view. B. Right parapodium 52, posterior view. C. Right parapodium 132, anterior view. D. Abruptly tapering semi bifurcated notopodial cirri, right parapodium. E. Median parapodia, anterior view. F. Left parapodium 12 in One new species and two redescriptions of Marphysa (Eunicidae, Annelida) species of the Aenea-group from Australia

FIGURE 2. Marphysa bifurcata. A. Right parapodium 5, anterior view. B. Right parapodium 52, posterior view. C. Right parapodium 132, anterior view. D. Abruptly tapering semi bifurcated notopodial cirri, right parapodium. E. Median parapodia, anterior view. F. Left parapodium 12, anterior view; G. Bifurcated notopodial cirri, left parapodium 71, anterior view. H. Neurochaetae, right parapodium 5, anterior view. I. Compound falciger chaetae, left parapodium 8. J. Compound falciger chaetae, left parapodium 135, anterior view. K. Thin pectinate, left parapodium 30. L. Thin pectinate, left parapodium 72. M. Thick pectinate, left parapodium 108. N. Left parapodium 90, anterior view. O. Acicula, compound falciger chaetae and subacicular hook bidentate, left parapodium 146. P. Subacicular hook bidentate, left parapodium 48. Q. Subacicular hook bidentate, right parapodium 130. R. Subacicular hook bidentate with guards, right parapodium 90. A. AM W.44633. B–D, AM W.44391. E, F, K, N, O, AM W.6820. G, I, L, P, Q. AM W.44977. H, J, M, R. AM W.44920. Scale bars: A–D, M–O. 100 µm. E. 500 µm. F. 400 µm. G. 20 µm. H, J, K, P, R. 50 µm. I, Q. 10 µm. L. 5 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Morphometric approach to supports distinction among three species of Paucibranchia Molina-Acevedo, 2018 (Annelida: Eunicidae)

FIGURE 6. Moulting of Paucibranchia bellii (Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1833) MNHN-AZ779,. A) Anterior region of the body, dorsal view; B) New generation of maxillae, dorsal view; C) Moulting of maxillae. Abbreviations: MI-V: maxillae from I to V, MC: maxillary carrier. Scale bars: A, 1.1 mm; B–C,0.7 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Morphometric approach to supports distinction among three species of Paucibranchia Molina-Acevedo, 2018 (Annelida: Eunicidae)

FIGURE 2. Exploratory analysis. Variation in 23 morphological characters in three Paucibranchia species. See Table 1 for character abbreviations. A. Paucibranchia bellii, B. Paucibranchia carrerai, C. Paucibranchia disjuncta.

FIGURE 1 in Morphometric approach to supports distinction among three species of Paucibranchia Molina-Acevedo, 2018 (Annelida: Eunicidae)

FIGURE 1. Paucibranchia carrerai Molina-Acevedo, 2018. A) Prostomium from juvenile specimen, dorsal view; B) Prostomium from adult specimens, dorsal view; C) Maxillary apparatus, dorsal view; D) Median chaetigers, ventral view; E) Branchial region of the body, dorsal-lateral view; F) Branchial region of the body, ventral view; G) Ventral cirri and postchaetal lobe in branchial region of the body, ventral view; H) Parapodium 3; I) Parapodium 10; J) Parapodium 33; K) Pectinate chaetae, parapodium 10; L) Compound spinigers, parapodium 5; M) Compound falciger, parapodium 10; N) Compound falciger, parapodium 33; O) Subacicular hook, parapodium 33. A, from RRC UMTAnn 01028, B–O, from RRC UMTAnn 01020. E–G, stained with a methylene blue solution. Abbreviations: E, eyes; LE, larval eyes; P, peduncle; DC, dorsal cirri; SH, subacicular hook; Bran, branchiae; DPL, postchaetal lobe development; ECV, ventral cirri with swollen base end; DVC, ventral cirri development; mc, maxillary carrier; cs, closing system; MI, maxilla I; op, opening cavity; MII, maxilla II; MIII, maxilla III; MIV, maxilla IV. Red arrow point out broken dorsal cirrus. Scale bars: A–C, 0.2 mm; D, 0.5 mm; E–G, 0.4 mm; H–J, 100 μm; K, 10 μm; L, 50 μm; M–O, 20 μm.

FIGURE 5 in Morphometric approach to supports distinction among three species of Paucibranchia Molina-Acevedo, 2018 (Annelida: Eunicidae)

FIGURE 5. Correlation between the length at chaetiger 10 (L10) of the specimens with: A) length of the maxillary apparatus (LMa), B) width of the maxillary apparatus (WMa), C) length of the mandibles (LMn), D) length of the dorsal cirrus at chaetiger 10 (LCh10), E) chaetiger where the compound spiniger end (ESp), and F) the number of subacicular hooks per parapodia in chaetigers 20-40 (NSH20-40) of Paucibranchia carrerai. Colorless circles indicate juveniles, blue circles indicate adults.

FIGURE 4. PCA with the first two principal components. A in Morphometric approach to supports distinction among three species of Paucibranchia Molina-Acevedo, 2018 (Annelida: Eunicidae)

FIGURE 4. PCA with the first two principal components. A) Biplot of the 23 morphological variables; B) distribution of all specimens of P. bellii (B), P. carrerai (C), and P. disjuncta (D).

FIGURE 3. Marphysa bulla n in Two new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865 (Polychaeta: Eunicida: Eunicidae) from northern coast of China and redescription for Marphysa orientalis Treadwell, 1936

FIGURE 3. Marphysa bulla n. sp. (A–C, SEM images, D-F, light microscopy images) A. Chaetiger 71, showing 2 tiers of compound spinigers. B. 3 types of pectinate chaetae of paratypes, left parapodia 135. C. 3 types of pectinate chaetae of paratypes, right parapodium 313. D. Left parapodium 250, showing pectinate chaetae. E. Maxillae, dorsal view. F. Mandible, ventral view. A. B, C, D—MBMCA285106; E, F—AM W.49125. Abbreviations: sp1 and sp2, 2 tiers of compound spinigers, a, thin symmetrical isodont with varying numbers of teeth, b, thick asymmetrical anodont with 3–4 teeth, c, thin asymmetrical isodont with numerous teeth, sa, subacicular hooks. Scale bars: A = 100µm; B = 20 µm; C = 50 µm; D = 0.1 mm; E, F = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Marphysa maxidenticulata n in Two new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865 (Polychaeta: Eunicida: Eunicidae) from northern coast of China and redescription for Marphysa orientalis Treadwell, 1936

FIGURE 6. Marphysa maxidenticulata n. sp. (Light microscopy images) A. Compound falciger of holotype, left parapodium 10, arrow pointing to falciger. B Compound falciger of holotype, left parapodium 50, arrow pointing to falciger. A, B—AM W.49113 (paratype). Abbreviations: sp1 and sp 2, two tiers of compound spinigers. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm.

FIGURE 2. Marphysa bulla n in Two new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865 (Polychaeta: Eunicida: Eunicidae) from northern coast of China and redescription for Marphysa orientalis Treadwell, 1936

FIGURE 2. Marphysa bulla n. sp. (light microscopy images). A. Anterior end of holotype, dorsal view. B. Anterior end of holotype, lateral view. C. Anterior parapodia of holotype, lateral view, showing structure of ventral cirri. D. Jaws in situ, anterior view. E. Structure of branchiae from median region of holotype. F. Pygidium of holotype. A, B, C, E, H, AM.W.49124, D, AM.W.49125. Abbreviations: p, papilla vc, ventral cirrus, I, II, III, IV, V components of maxillae. Scale bars: A, B = 2 mm; C–F = 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865 (Polychaeta: Eunicida: Eunicidae) from northern coast of China and redescription for Marphysa orientalis Treadwell, 1936

FIGURE 1. Map showing type localities (blue dots) of M. bulla n. sp., M. maxidenticulata n. sp., M. orientalis Treadwell, 1936 and M. sinensis Monro,1934.

FIGURE 5. Marphysa maxidenticulata n in Two new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865 (Polychaeta: Eunicida: Eunicidae) from northern coast of China and redescription for Marphysa orientalis Treadwell, 1936

FIGURE 5. Marphysa maxidenticulata n. sp. (SEM images). A. Parapodium 25, B. Parapodium 290. C. Parapodium 25 showing 2 tiers of compound spinigers, D. Parapodium 3, E. Parapodium 203 showing 3 types of pectinate chaetae. F. Parapodium 3 with thin asymmetrical isodont pectinate chaetae with 10–14 teeth. All from paratype AM W.49116. Abbreviations: sa, subacicular hooks, sp1 and sp2, 2 tiers of compound spinigers, a. thick asymmetrical anodont with 3–4 teeth, b, thin isodont symmetrical with numerous fine teeth, c, thin isodont asymmetrical with many fine teeth. Scale bars: A, B, E = 20 µm; C =100 µm; D = 200 µm; F=10 µm.

FIGURE 4. Marphysa maxidenticulata n in Two new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865 (Polychaeta: Eunicida: Eunicidae) from northern coast of China and redescription for Marphysa orientalis Treadwell, 1936

FIGURE 4. Marphysa maxidenticulata n. sp. (light microscopy images). A. Anterior segments of paratype, dorsal view. B. Anterior segments of paratype, lateral view. C. Left anterior parapodia of paratype, lateral view. D. Mandible, ventral view. E. Maxillary apparatus, dorsal view. F. Pygidium of paratype. A, B, C, F—AM.W.49115. D, E.—AM W.49116. Scale bars: A, B. = 2 mm; C—F. = 1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Marphysa orientalis holotype USNM 20144 in Two new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865 (Polychaeta: Eunicida: Eunicidae) from northern coast of China and redescription for Marphysa orientalis Treadwell, 1936

FIGURE 8. Marphysa orientalis holotype USNM 20144 (light microscopy images) A. Pygidium. B. Compound falcigers, parapodium 130. C. Bidentate subacicular hook from posterior parapodium, arrow pointing to hook. D. Two types of pectinate chaetae with 14 or 18 teeth from parapodium 193. E. Thick asymmetrical anodont pectinate chaetae with coarse teeth from parapodium 256, indicated by arrows. F. Thin asymmetrical isodont pectinate chaetae with numerous teeth, from parapodium 256. Scale bars: A= 0.5 mm; B- F = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Marphysa orientalis holotype USNM 20144 in Two new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865 (Polychaeta: Eunicida: Eunicidae) from northern coast of China and redescription for Marphysa orientalis Treadwell, 1936

FIGURE 7. Marphysa orientalis holotype USNM 20144 (light microscopy images) A. Anterior dorsal view of holotype. B. Lateral view of anterior parapodia. C. Lateral view of branchiae from middle region. D. Maxillae I & II, ventral view. E. Maxillae II & III, lateral view. F. Maxillary apparatus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: I, II, III, IV- maxillae I, II, III, IV Scale bars: A, F = 2 mm; B, C = 1 mm; D, E = 0.5 mm.