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570 results for “Exposure data”
Data from: Microplastic exposure is associated with epigenomic effects in the model organism Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow)
<p>Microplastics have evolutionary and ecological impacts across species, affecting organisms' development, reproduction, and behavior along with contributing to genotoxicity and stress. As plastic pollution is increasing and ubiquitous, gaining a better understanding of organismal responses to microplastics is necessary. Gene methylation is a heritable form of molecular regulation that is influenced by environmental conditions, including exposure to pollutants, therefore determining epigenetic responses to microplastics will reveal potential chronic consequences of this pollutant. We performed an experiment across two generations of fathead minnows (<em>Pimephales promelas</em>) to elucidate transgenerational effects of microplastic exposure. We exposed the first generation of fish to four different treatments of microplastics: two concentrations of each of pre-consumer polyethylene (PE) and PE collected from Lake Ontario. We then raised the second generation from these parents with no microplastic exposure. We used reduced-representation methylation sequencing on adult liver tissue and homogenized larvae to evaluate DNA methylation differences among treatments, sexes, and generations. Our findings show the origin of the plastic had a larger effect in female minnows whereas the effect of concentration was stronger in the males. We also observed transgenerational effects, highlighting a mechanism in which parents can pass on the effects of microplastic exposure to their offspring. Many of the differentially methylated genes found in our analyses are known to interact with estrogenic chemicals associated with plastic and are related to metabolism. This study highlights the persistent and potentially serious impacts of microplastic pollution on gene regulation in freshwater systems.</p>
Data from: Transcriptional profiling of lung macrophages following ozone exposure in mice identifies signaling pathways regulating immunometabolic activation
<p>Macrophages play a key role in ozone-induced lung injury by regulating both the initiation and resolution of inflammation. These distinct activities are mediated by pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory/pro-resolution macrophages which sequentially accumulate in injured tissues. Macrophage activation is dependent, in part, on intracellular metabolism. Herein, we used RNA-sequencing (seq) to identify signaling pathways regulating macrophage immunometabolic activity following exposure of mice to ozone (0.8 ppm, 3 hr) or air control. Analysis of lung macrophages using an Agilent Seahorse showed that inhalation of ozone increased macrophage glycolytic activity and oxidative phosphorylation at 24 and 72 hr post exposure. An increase in the percentage of macrophages in the S phase of the cell cycle was observed 24 hr post ozone. RNA-seq revealed significant enrichment of pathways involved in innate immune signaling and cytokine production among differentially expressed genes at both 24 and 72 hr after ozone, while pathways involved in cell cycle regulation were upregulated at 24 hr and intracellular metabolism at 72 hr. An interaction network analysis identified tumor suppressor 53 (TP53), E2F family of transcription factors (E2Fs), Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1A (CDKN1a/p21), and Cyclin D1 (CCND1) as upstream regulators of cell cycle pathways at 24 hr and TP53, nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group a member 1 (NR4A1/Nur77), and estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1/ERα) as central upstream regulators of mitochondrial respiration pathways at 72 hr. These results highlight the complex interaction between cell cycle, intracellular metabolism, and macrophage activation which may be important in the initiation and resolution of inflammation following ozone exposure.</p>
Supplementary Data: Human settlement pressure drives slow-moving landslide exposure
<p>These datasets (.Rmd, .Rroj., .rds) are ready to use within the R software for statistical programming with the R Studio Graphical User Interface (https://posit.co/download/rstudio-desktop/). Please copy the folder structure into one single directory and follow the instructions given in the .Rmd file. Files and folders are described in the README.md file</p> <p>0_ferrer_etal_2024.Rproj</p> <p>README.md</p> <p>1_R_Notebook:</p> <ul> <li>SlowMovingLandslide_Exposure.rmd</li> <li>Ferrer2024_FloodExposureAnalysis.Rmd</li> </ul> <p>2_data:</p> <ul> <li>1_input: <ul> <li>sm_database_2023_01_17.csv</li> <li>sm_database_references.pdf</li> <li>gmba_v2</li> <li>ipcc_regions</li> <li>natrual_earth</li> </ul> </li> <li>2_processed: <ul> <li>model_data_2023_01_17.csv</li> <li>summary_database.csv</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>3_results:</p> <ul> <li>1_model <ul> <li>2023_12_31.model.rds</li> </ul> </li> <li>2_figures: <ul> <li>main_figure_elements</li> </ul> </li> <li>3_ext_figures</li> </ul> <p>4_manuscript_figures:</p> <ul> <li>1_main figures</li> <li>2_extended_figures</li> </ul> <p><br>5_floding_analysis:</p> <ul> <li>flood_comp_mod.csv</li> <li>flood_comp_model.rds</li> </ul>
Data from: Changes in brain structure and function following exposure to oral LSD during adolescence: A multimodal MRI study
<p><em>Background</em>: LSD is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. Underlying these effects are changes in brain neuroplasticity. This is the first study to follow the developmental changes in brain structure and function following LSD exposure in periadolescence. We hypothesized LSD given during a time of heightened neuroplasticity, particularly in the forebrain, would affect cognitive and emotional behavior and the associated underlying neuroanatomy and neurocircuitry. </p> <p><em>Methods:</em> Female and male mice were given vehicle, single, or multiple treatments of 3.3 µg of LSD by oral gavage starting on postnatal day 51. Between postnatal days 90-120 mice were imaged and tested for cognitive and motor behavior. MRI data from voxel-based morphometry, diffusion weighted imaging, and BOLD resting state functional connectivity were registered to a mouse 3D MRI atlas with 139 brain regions providing site-specific differences in global brain structure and functional connectivity between experimental groups.</p> <p><em>Results:</em> Motor behavior and cognitive performance were unaffected by periadolescent exposure to LSD. Differences across experimental groups in brain volume for any of the 139 brain areas were few in number and not focused on any specific brain region. Multiple exposures to LSD significantly altered gray matter microarchitecture across much of the brain. These changes were primary associated with the thalamus, sensory and motor cortices, and basal ganglia. The forebrain olfactory system and prefrontal cortex and hindbrain cerebellum and brainstem were unaffected. The functional connectivity between forebrain white matter tracts and sensorimotor cortices and hippocampus was reduced with multidose LSD exposure.</p> <p><em>Conclusion:</em> Does early exposure to LSD in periadolescence have lasting effects on brain development? There was no evidence of LSD having consequential effects on cognitive or motor behavior when animal were evaluated as young adults 90-120 days of age. Neither were there any differences in the volume of specific brain areas between experimental conditions. The pronounced changes in indices of anisotropy across much of the brain would suggest altered gray matter microarchitecture and neuroplasticity. The reduction in connectivity in forebrain white matter tracts with multidose LSD and consolidation around sensorimotor and hippocampal brain areas requires a battery of tests to understand the consequences of these changes on behavior.</p>
Raw and analyzed data for manuscript "In vitro eradication of Candida albicans biofilm through cold atmospheric plasma: Unravelling the interdependence of exposure and voltage in the antifungal mode of action."
<p><strong><span>Raw and analysed data for the manuscript, to be submitted to Journal of Infection and Public Health.</span></strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><span>Abstract:</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>Introduction:</span></strong><span> Since <em>Candida spp</em>.</span> <span>is the fourth leading cause of healthcare-associated infections globally, the need for novel antifungal agents is increasing among scientists. This study investigates the potential of cold atmospheric plasma for <em>C. albicans</em> biofilm treatment. <strong>Methods:</strong> Our research focused on <em>in vitro</em> <em>C. albicans</em> biofilm response to varying parameters of plasma application, specifically the impact of treatment duration and input voltage. Evaluation of plasma influence on <em>C. albicans</em> was assessed with viability, membrane integrity, and oxidative stress measurements, along with observations of biofilm chemical composition and hyphae growth after plasma treatment. <strong>Results and Discussion:</strong> The higher plasma input voltage and increased exposure tme resulted in lower <em>C. albicans</em> cell viability, with complete reductions observed after 5 min plasma treatment duration across all input voltages tested. The effect of plasma treatment was further confirmed with a microscopic examination after BacLight<sup>® </sup>staining.</span> <span>Low (8 V) CAP exposure could potentially lead to a phenomenon known as hormesis, which was observed in <em>C. albicans</em> 24 h growth measurements. Additionally, intracellular oxidative stress assessment further proved that with prolonged treatment times, the intensity of oxidative stress, increased. Plasma treatment also affected the hyphae, which exhibited signs of contraction and compression. The chemical characteristics revealed that increasing plasma voltage and exposure time also have a distinguished impact on lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, typical constituents of fungi biofilms. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study underscores the potential of plasma as a promising approach in combating <em>Candida spp</em>. biofilms, shedding light on the intricate dynamics of its impact on biofilm viability, morphology and composition.</span></p>
Annex B – Occurrence data on TBBPA and TBBPA derivatives in food submitted to EFSA, dietary surveys per country and age group available in the EFSA Comprehensive Database considered in the exposure assessment, and chronic dietary exposure to TBBPA and the contribution of different food groups to the dietary exposure
<p><span>This Annex contains the occurrence data submitted to EFSA, the dietary surveys per country and age group, and the chronic dietary exposure to PBDEs and the contribution of different food groups to the dietary exposure related to the Update of the risk assessment of TBBPA and its derivatives in food.</span></p>
Data for "Transient nicotine exposure in early adolescent male mice freezes their dopamine circuits in an immature state"
<p>This repository contains data for the analysis used in the following paper: Reynolds et al. "Transient nicotine exposure in early adolescent male mice freezes their dopamine circuits in an immature state", published on BioRxiv (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.28.564518v1). Information about using the data files is in the "readme.rtf" file. </p>
Updated Smoke Exposure Estimate for Indonesian Peatland Fires using a Network of Low-cost PM2.5 sensors and a regional air quality model - Model Simulation Data
<p>WRF-Chem simulated daily mean PM2.5 concentrations for:</p> <p>1) with fires </p> <p>2) without fires</p> <p>simulations. </p>
Updated Smoke Exposure Estimate for Indonesian Peatland Fires using a Network of Low-cost PM2.5 sensors and a regional air quality model - Purple Air data
<p>Daily mean PM2.5 concentrations collected by Purple Air sensors between 2023-08-16 and 2023-12-01. Concentrations have been RH adjusted using the Nilson et al (2022) adjustment. </p>
Annex B – Occurrence data on brominated phenols and their derivatives in food submitted to EFSA, dietary surveys per country and age group available in the EFSA Comprehensive Database considered in the exposure assessment, and the detailed results of the chronic dietary exposure assessment to 2,4,6-TBP and the contribution of different food groups to the dietary exposure
<p>This Annex contains the occurrence data submitted to EFSA, the dietary surveys per country and age group, and the detailed results of the chronic dietary exposure assessment to 2,4,6-TBP and the contribution of different food groups to the dietary exposure related to the Update of the risk assessment of brominated phenols and their derivatives in food.</p>
Data from: Developmental lead exposure has mixed effects on butterfly cognitive processes
While the effects of lead pollution have been well studied in vertebrates, it is unclear to what extent lead may negatively affect insect cognition. Lead pollution in soils can elevate lead in plant tissues, suggesting it could negatively affect neural development of insect herbivores. We used the cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) as a model system to study the effect of lead pollution on insect cognitive processes, which play an important role in how insects locate and handle resources. Cabbage white butterfly larvae were reared on a 4-ppm lead diet, a concentration representative of vegetation in polluted sites; we measured eye size and performance on a foraging assay in adults. Relative to controls, lead-reared butterflies did not differ in time or ability to search for a food reward associated with a less preferred color. Indeed, lead-treated butterflies were more likely to participate in the behavioral assay itself. Lead exposure did not negatively affect survival or body size, and it actually sped up development time. The effects of lead on relative eye size varied with sex: lead tended to reduce eye size in males, but increase eye size in females. These results suggest that low levels of lead pollution may have mixed effects on butterfly vision, but only minimal impacts on performance in foraging tasks, although follow-up work is needed to test whether this result is specific to cabbage whites, which are often associated with disturbed areas.
Data from: A biphasic locomotor response to acute unsignaled high temperature exposure in Drosophila.
Unsignaled stress can have profound effects on animal behavior. While most investigation of stress-effects on behavior follows chronic exposures, less is understood about acute exposures and potential after-effects. We examined walking activity in Drosophila following acute exposure to high temperature or electric shock. Compared to initial walking activity, flies first increase walking with exposure to high temperatures then have a strong reduction in activity. These effects are related to the intensity of the high temperature and number of exposures. The reduction in walking activity following high temperature and electric shock exposures survives context changes and lasts at least five hours. Reduction in the function of the biogenic amines octopamine / tyramine and serotonin both strongly blunt the increase in locomotor activity with high temperature exposure. However, neither set of biogenic amines alter the long lasting depression in walking activity after exposure.
Data and code archive for Andrews et al. 'Exposure to food insecurity increases energy storage and reduces somatic maintenance in European starlings'
<p>Data and code archive for Andrews et al. 'Exposure to food insecurity increases energy storage and reduces somatic maintenance in European starlings'</p> <p>The archive contains one R script and three .Rdata data files, relating to the mass data, the telomere data, and the food consumption data respectively.</p>
Can short-term data accurately model long-term environmental exposures? Investigating the multigenerational adaptation potential of Daphnia magna to environmental concentrations of organic ultraviolet filters
<p>Organic ultraviolet filters (UVFs) are contaminants of concern, ubiquitously found in many aquatic environments due to their use in personal care products to protect against ultraviolet radiation. Research regarding the toxicity of UVFs such as avobenzone, octocrylene and oxybenzone indicates that these chemicals may pose a threat to invertebrate species; however, minimal long-term studies have been conducted to determine how these UVFs may affect continuously exposed populations. The present study modeled the effects of a 5-generation exposure of <em>Daphnia</em> <em>magna</em> to these UVFs at environmental concentrations. Avobenzone and octocrylene resulted in minor, transient decreases in reproduction and wet mass. Oxybenzone exposure resulted in > 40% mortality, 46% decreased reproduction and 4-fold greater reproductive failure over the F0 and F1 generations; however, normal function was largely regained by the F2 generation. These results indicate that <em>Daphnia</em> are able to acclimate over long-term exposures to concentrations of 6.59 μg/L avobenzone, ~0.6 μg/L octocrylene or 16.5 μg/L oxybenzone. This suggests that short-term studies indicating high toxicity may not accurately represent long-term outcomes in wild populations, adding additional complexity to risk assessment practices at a time when many regions are considering or implementing UVF bans in order to protect these most sensitive invertebrate species.</p>
Data from: Population connectivity patterns of genetic diversity, immune responses and exposure to infectious pneumonia in a metapopulation of desert bighorn sheep
<p>Habitat fragmentation is an important driver of biodiversity loss and can be remediated through management actions aimed at maintenance of natural connectivity in metapopulations. Connectivity may protect populations from infectious diseases by preserving immunogenetic diversity and disease resistance. However, connectivity could exacerbate the risk of infectious disease spread across vulnerable populations.</p> <p>We tracked the spread of a novel strain of <em>Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae</em> in a metapopulation of desert bighorn sheep (<em>Ovis canadensis nelsoni</em>) in the Mojave desert to investigate how variation in connectivity among populations influenced disease outcomes.</p> <p><em>M. ovipneumoniae</em> was detected throughout the metapopulation, indicating that the relative isolation of many of these populations did not protect them from pathogen invasion. However, we show that connectivity among bighorn sheep populations was correlated with higher immunogenetic diversity, a protective immune response and lower disease prevalence. Variation in protective immunity predicted infection risk in individual bighorn sheep and was associated with heterozygosity at genetic loci linked to adaptive and innate immune signalling.</p> <p>Together, these findings may indicate that population connectivity maintains immunogenetic diversity in bighorn sheep populations in this system and has direct effects on immune responses in individual bighorn sheep and their susceptibility to infection by a deadly pathogen.</p> <p>Our study suggests that the genetic benefits of population connectivity could outweigh the risk of infectious disease spread and supports conservation management that maintains natural connectivity in metapopulations.</p>
Data for: Phenotypic plasticity increases exposure to extreme climatic events that reduce individual fitness
<p>Climate models, and empirical observations, suggest that anthropogenic climate change is leading to changes in the occurrence and severity of extreme climatic events (ECEs). Effects of changes in mean climate on phenology, movement, and demography in animal and plant populations are well documented. In contrast, work exploring the impacts of ECEs on natural populations is less common, at least partially due to the challenges of obtaining sufficient data to study such rare events. Here, we assess the effect of changes in ECE patterns in a long-term study of great tits, near Oxford, over a 56-year period between 1965 and 2020. We document marked changes in the frequency of temperature ECEs, with cold ECEs being twice as frequent in the 1960s than at present, and hot ECEs being ~three times more frequent between 2010 and 2020 than in the 1960s. While the effect of single ECEs was generally quite small, we show that increased exposure to ECEs often reduces reproductive output, and that in some cases, the effect of different types of ECE is synergistic. We further show that long-term temporal changes in phenology, resulting from phenotypic plasticity, lead to an elevated risk of exposure to low-temperature ECEs early in reproduction, and hence suggest that changes in ECE exposure may act as a cost of plasticity. Overall, our analyses reveal a complex set of risks of exposure and effects as ECE patterns change and highlight the importance of considering responses to changes in both mean climate and extreme events. Patterns in exposure and effects of ECEs on natural populations remain underexplored and continued work will be vital to establish the impacts of ECEs on populations in a changing climate.</p>
Appendix Data for Manuscript : Application of OSL surface exposure dating with the use of two-dimensional OSL laser scanning instruments and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy
<p>Appendix Data for Manuscript 'Application of OSL surface exposure dating with the use of two-dimensional OSL laser scanning instruments and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy'.</p>
Data for: Responses to saltwater exposure vary across species, populations, and life-stages in anuran amphibians
<p><span>To predict the impacts of environmental change on species, we must first understand the factors that limit the present-day ranges of species. Most anuran amphibians cannot survive at elevated salinities, which may drive their distribution in coastal locations. Previous research showed that coastal <em>Hyla cinerea</em> are locally adapted to brackish habitats in North Carolina (USA). Although <em>Hyla squirella</em> and <em>Hyla chrysoscelis </em>both inhabit coastal wetlands nearby, they have not been observed in saline habitats. We take advantage of naturally occurring microgeographic variation in coastal wetland occupancy exhibited by these congeneric treefrog species to explore how salt exposure affects oviposition site choice, hatching success, early tadpole survival, plasma osmolality, and tadpole body condition across coastal and inland locations. We observed higher survival among coastal</span><span> <em>H. cinerea</em> tadpoles than inland <em>H. cinerea</em>, which corroborates previous findings. But contrary to expectations, coastal <em>H. cinerea</em> had lower survival than <em>H. squirella</em> and <em>H. chrysoscelis</em>, indicating that all three species may be able to persist in saline wetlands. We also observed differences in tadpole plasma osmolality across species, locations, and salinities, but these differences were not associated with survival rates in saltwater. Instead, coastal occupancy may be affected by stage-specific processes like higher probability of total clutch loss as shown by inland <em>H. chrysoscelis</em> or maladaptive egg deposition patterns as shown by inland <em>H. squirella</em>. </span><span>Although we expected saltwater to be the primary filter driving species distributions along a coastal salinity gradient, it is likely that the factors dictating anuran ranges along the coast involve stage-, species-, and location specific processes that are mediated by ecological processes and life history traits.</span></p>
Incorporating real-time traffic data into air quality mapping uncovers more severe exposure disparities at the community level
<p>Data and codes for the XGBoost model training in our manuscript titled "Incorporating real-time traffic data into air quality mapping uncovers more severe exposure disparities at the community level"</p>
Data from: Developmental exposure to the Parkinson's disease-associated organochlorine pesticide dieldrin alters dopamine neurotransmission in α-synuclein pre-formed fibril (PFF)-injected mice
<p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurological diseases worldwide, with increases outpacing aging and most rapid in recently industrialized areas, suggesting the role of environmental factors. Together, epidemiological studies, post-mortem analysis and mechanistic studies suggest that exposure to persistent organic pollutants, including the organochlorine pesticide dieldrin, increases PD risk. In mouse models, developmental dieldrin exposure causes male-specific exacerbation of neuronal susceptibility to MPTP and synucleinopathy. Specifically, developmental dieldrin exposure induces male-specific exacerbation of toxicity in the α-synuclein (α-syn) pre-formed fibril (PFF) model with increased deficits in striatal dopamine (DA) turnover and motor deficits on the challenging beam. Here, we hypothesized that alterations in DA handling contribute to the observed changes and assessed vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) function and DA release in this dieldrin/PFF two-hit model. Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0.3 mg/kg dieldrin or vehicle every 3 days by feeding, starting at 8 weeks of age by ingestion and continuing throughout breeding, gestation, and lactation. Male offspring from independent litters underwent unilateral, intrastriatal injections of α-syn PFFs at 12 weeks of age and vesicular <sup>3</sup>H-DA uptake assays and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) were performed at 4 months post-PFF injection. We observed a dieldrin-induced increase in DA release in striatal slices in PFF-injected animals, but no change in VMAT2 activity. These results suggest that developmental dieldrin exposure increases a compensatory response to synucleinopathy-triggered striatal DA loss and supports our hypothesis that alterations in DA handling may underly the observed exacerbation of PFF-induced deficits in motor behavior and DA turnover.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.