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118 results for “Gill morphology”
Fig. 2 in Morphological requirements in limulid and decapod gills: A case study in deducing the function of lamellipedian exopod lamellae
Fig. 2. Book gill of Limulus polyphemus Linnaeus, 1758. A. Dorsal view of left first branchial appendage of instar stage 14. Endopod and exopod of the operculate division of branchial appendage as well as lamellae of book gill are shown. SEM photo. B. Dorsal view of left first branchial appendage of instar stage 4. SEM photo. C. Transparent microscopic photo of a gill lamella dyed with toluidine blue, showing osmoregulatory and respiratory area.
Gill morphology data and geometric morphometric data of Enteromius spp. in relation to dissolved oxygen gradients
<ol> <li class="western">We explored how range expansion of freshwater fishes coincident with climate warming is affected by, and then in turn affects, responses to a second environmental gradient – dissolved oxygen.</li> <li> <p class="western">Traits related to hypoxia tolerance, specifically various metrics of gill size and geometric morphometric proxies of gill size were quantified for a range-expanding cyprinid fish (<em>Enteromius apleurogramma</em>) in both its historical and novel ranges in the Mpanga River drainage of Uganda, East Africa.</p> </li> <li> <p class="western">We found that <em>E. apleurogramma </em><span>followed patterns previously established in the </span><span>congener</span><span> </span><em>E. neumayeri.</em><span> </span><span>G</span><span>ill filament length and some other metrics were strongly divergent in long-established populations of both </span><em>E. apleurogramma </em><span>and </span><em>E. neumayeri</em><span>, with l</span><span>arger gills</span><span> in hypoxic populations compared to normoxic ones. Range-expanding populations were intermediate to the two </span><span>long-established populations</span><span>, but divergent between themselves. </span><span>Other gill traits such as filament number we</span><span>re weakly or not divergent. </span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western"><span>Furthermore, we show that grosser morphological traits such as opercular area can be successfully used as a proxy for gill size, both by direct measurement as well as </span><span>using geometric morphometric techniques. </span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western">Finally, we show that both parapatric conspecific populations and sympatric heterospecific populations can be used as reference points to approximate the "target" of adaptation to hypoxic conditions.</p> </li> </ol>
Gill morphology data and geometric morphometric data of Enteromius spp. in relation to dissolved oxygen gradients
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Pelvic spine reduction affects diet but not gill raker morphology in two polymorphic brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) populations
<p>Pelvic spine polymorphism occurs in several species in the stickleback family (<em>Gasterosteidae</em>). Given parallel selection driving similar phenotypic polymorphisms in multiple stickleback species, we sought to determine the extent of parallelism in the ecological consequences of pelvic spine reduction. Based on a metabarcoding analysis of brook stickleback gut contents in two polymorphic populations, we found a shift towards a planktonic diet was associated with pelvic spine reduction. These results contrast with those found in threespine stickleback where pelvic spine reduction is associated with a shift towards a benthic diet. Hence, we found non-parallel consequences of spine polymorphism across species. Furthermore, a change in gill raker morphology has been consistently implicated in the change in diet in pelvic-reduced threespine stickleback. But we found no evidence of any difference in gill raker morphology associated with pelvic spine polymorphism in brook stickleback.</p>
Figure 35 in A preliminary report on the World species of Bemisia Quaintance and Baker and its congeners (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) with a comparative analysis of morphological variation and its role in the recognition of species Raymond Gill
Figure 35. Paratype, Bemisia rosae Danzig, 25 km s/o Orapa?, 10-VI-78, ex: rose, E. Danzig, coll.
Fig. 1 in Morphological requirements in limulid and decapod gills: A case study in deducing the function of lamellipedian exopod lamellae
Fig. 1. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) morphology of Limulus polyphemus.
Pelvic spine reduction affects diet but not gill raker morphology in two polymorphic brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) populations
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Data from: Developmental tuning of mineralization drives morphological diversity of gill cover bones in sculpins and their relatives
The role of osteoblast placement in skeletal morphological variation is relatively well understood, but alternative developmental mechanisms affecting bone shape remain largely unknown. Specifically, very little attention has been paid to variation in later mineralization stages of intramembranous ossification as a driver of morphological diversity. We discover the occurrence of specific, sometimes large regions of nonmineralized osteoid within bones that also contain mineralized tissue. We show through a variety of histological, molecular, and tomographic tests that this "extended" osteoid material is most likely nonmineralized bone matrix. This tissue type is a significant determinant of gill cover bone shape in the teleostean suborder Cottoidei. We demonstrate repeated evolution of extended osteoid in Cottoidei through ancestral state reconstruction and test for an association between its variation and habitat differences among species. Through measurement of extended osteoid at various stages of gill cover development in species across the phylogeny, we gain insight into possible evolutionary developmental origins of the trait. We conclude that this fine-tuned developmental regulation of bone matrix mineralization reflects heterochrony at multiple biological levels and is a novel mechanism for the evolution of diversity in skeletal morphology. This research lays the groundwork for a new model in which to study bone mineralization and evolutionary developmental processes, particularly as they may relate to adaptation during a prominent evolutionary radiation of fishes.
FIGURE 8 in Gill arch and hyoid arch diversity and cypriniform phylogeny: Distributed integration of morphology and web-based tools
FIGURE 8. Higher-level familial relationships from the parsimony trees generated using Basal outgroups (Fig. 4). Node 1, 23: 0 1, 54: 0 1; Node 2, 9: 0 4, 17:0 1; Node 3, 10:0 1, 14:0 1, 19:0 1, 22:0 1, 25: 0 1, 27: 0 1, 39: 1 0, 40: 2 1, 43: 0 1, 47: 0 1, 61: 2 1; Node 4, 24: 2 0, 40: 2 0, 42: 0 1, 57: 0 1; Node 5, 19: 0 1, 20: 0 1; Node 6, 8: 1 0, 13: 1 0, 16:0 1, 30: 0 1, 38: 0 1, 49: 0 1, 55: 0 1, 60: 0 1, 61: 2 1; Node 7, 31: 0 1, 35: 1 0, 36: 1 0, 42: 1 0; Node 8, 11: 0 1, 22:0 1, 56: 0 1; Node 9, 12: 0 1, 14:0 1, 30: 1 0, 53: 2 0; Node 10, 16:1 0, 26: 0 1.
FIGURE 4 in Gill arch and hyoid arch diversity and cypriniform phylogeny: Distributed integration of morphology and web-based tools
FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree using Basal outgroups (Appendix III) recovered from 584 equally parsimonious trees. Treelength=377; CI=0.233; RI=0.637. Nodal values indicate bootstrap support.
FIGURE 1 in Gill arch and hyoid arch diversity and cypriniform phylogeny: Distributed integration of morphology and web-based tools
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic hypotheses of relationships of cypriniforms based on morphology. Higher-level taxon names follow Mayden et al. (2008); see Appendix I for name equivalencies with other studies. A. Phylogenetic relationships from Siebert (1987, Fig. 77). B. Conway & Mayden (2007, Fig. 5C). Psilorhynchus was considered a cyprinid by Siebert (1987). * represents the position of Vaillantella (Vaillantellidae).
FIGURE 5. Bayesian tree, 50 in Gill arch and hyoid arch diversity and cypriniform phylogeny: Distributed integration of morphology and web-based tools
FIGURE 5. Bayesian tree, 50% majority rule consensus using Saitoh et al. (2006) outgroups (Appendix III) recovered from 15,002 trees. Nodal values indicate posterior probabilities.
FIGURE 2 in Gill arch and hyoid arch diversity and cypriniform phylogeny: Distributed integration of morphology and web-based tools
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic hypotheses of relationships of cypriniforms based on molecular data. A. Saitoh et al. (2006); B. Mayden et al. (2008).
FIGURE 3 in Gill arch and hyoid arch diversity and cypriniform phylogeny: Distributed integration of morphology and web-based tools
FIGURE 3. Strict consensus of parsimony tree using Saitoh et al. (2006) outgroups (Appendix III) recovered from 2,817 equally parsimonious trees. Treelength=292; CI=0.304; RI=0.734. Nodal values indicate bootstrap support.
Data from: Developmental tuning of mineralization drives morphological diversity of gill cover bones in sculpins and their relatives
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Figure 80 in A preliminary report on the World species of Bemisia Quaintance and Baker and its congeners (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) with a comparative analysis of morphological variation and its role in the recognition of species Raymond Gill
Figure 80. Bemisia afer complex, Madeira, Levada above Ribeiro Bonito, nr. Sao Jorge, 550 m, 01 Apr. 1996, ex. Chamaespartium sp.?, Leguminosae, Martin and Aguiar, colls., JHM #6583.
Figure 72 in A preliminary report on the World species of Bemisia Quaintance and Baker and its congeners (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) with a comparative analysis of morphological variation and its role in the recognition of species Raymond Gill
Figure 72. Bemisia lauracea Martin et al., Madeira, Seixal, 6-iii-1992, ex. Ocotea foetens, F. Aguiar, coll., #C125.
Figure 62 in A preliminary report on the World species of Bemisia Quaintance and Baker and its congeners (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) with a comparative analysis of morphological variation and its role in the recognition of species Raymond Gill
Figure 62. Bemisia afer complex, Canary Islands, Tenerife, Barranco, de las Moradas, at 7-900m, 18 May 1997, ex. Hypericum grandifolium, J. Martin, coll., JHM # 7041.
Figure 17 in A preliminary report on the World species of Bemisia Quaintance and Baker and its congeners (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) with a comparative analysis of morphological variation and its role in the recognition of species Raymond Gill
Figure 17. Bemisia guieriae Bink-Moenen, Sudan: Kordofan, 18-iv-81, ex: Guiera senegalensis, J. Martin coll. (Reprinted by permission from Springer Science+Business Media B.V.).
Figure 18 in A preliminary report on the World species of Bemisia Quaintance and Baker and its congeners (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) with a comparative analysis of morphological variation and its role in the recognition of species Raymond Gill
Figure 18. Bemisia tuberculata Bondar, Specimen TB2 #3, Araras P.C. Brasil, 6/69 ex. Manihot ultissima, A.S. Costa, Det. L.M. Russell.
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