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Distribution. Cold-temperate waters of the N Pacific, from Bonin Is (27° N, 142° E) and Ryukyu Is N to Yellow Sea, Sea ofJapan, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska; occasionally reaching tip of Baja California, Mexico, to the S of E Pacific in winter. Except on their N summer grounds, only a few sightings in the E Pacific Ocean during the past 50 years. in Balaenidae

Distribution. Cold-temperate waters of the N Pacific, from Bonin Is (27° N, 142° E) and Ryukyu Is N to Yellow Sea, Sea ofJapan, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska; occasionally reaching tip of Baja California, Mexico, to the S of E Pacific in winter. Except on their N summer grounds, only a few sightings in the E Pacific Ocean during the past 50 years.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.v.vitulinaLinnaeus,1758—NEAtlanticOceanincludingSvalbardStoNWFrance(Brittany),withoccasionalsightingsasfarSasNPortugal;Wboundaryuncertain,perhapsIceland. P.v.concolorDeKay,1842—NWAtlanticOcean,frommid-AtlanticUSAtotheCanadianArcticandEtoGreenland;Eboundaryuncertain,perhapsIceland. P. v. richardGray, 1864 — NE Pacific Ocean, from Aleutian Is through the Gulf of Alaska (including Iliamna Lake) S to the coast of Baja California (N Mexico); contact zone with stejnegert may occur in W Alaska Peninsula-E Aleutian Is. P. v. stejnegeri Allen, 1902 — NW Pacific Ocean along the coast of Russian Far East, from Kamchatka, the Kuril Is to N Japan (Hokkaido) and E to the Aleutian Is; contact zone with richardii may occur in E Aleutian Is—W Alaska Peninsula. in Phocidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.v.vitulinaLinnaeus,1758—NEAtlanticOceanincludingSvalbardStoNWFrance(Brittany),withoccasionalsightingsasfarSasNPortugal;Wboundaryuncertain,perhapsIceland. P.v.concolorDeKay,1842—NWAtlanticOcean,frommid-AtlanticUSAtotheCanadianArcticandEtoGreenland;Eboundaryuncertain,perhapsIceland. P. v. richardGray, 1864 — NE Pacific Ocean, from Aleutian Is through the Gulf of Alaska (including Iliamna Lake) S to the coast of Baja California (N Mexico); contact zone with stejnegert may occur in W Alaska Peninsula-E Aleutian Is. P. v. stejnegeri Allen, 1902 — NW Pacific Ocean along the coast of Russian Far East, from Kamchatka, the Kuril Is to N Japan (Hokkaido) and E to the Aleutian Is; contact zone with richardii may occur in E Aleutian Is—W Alaska Peninsula.

Distribution. NE Pacific, Aleutian Is, Gulf of Alaska, and W coast of North America S to C Baja California (Mexico); occasionally to Hawaiian Is and Japan, and into the Bering Sea. in Phocidae

Distribution. NE Pacific, Aleutian Is, Gulf of Alaska, and W coast of North America S to C Baja California (Mexico); occasionally to Hawaiian Is and Japan, and into the Bering Sea.

Distribution. The most widely distributed of all cetaceans, found in almost any marine environment from the Equator to both polar zones, including semi-enclosed seas such as the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Gulf of California, Sea of Okhotsk, Yellow Sea, Sea ofJapan, Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, and Ross Sea. in Delphinidae

Distribution. The most widely distributed of all cetaceans, found in almost any marine environment from the Equator to both polar zones, including semi-enclosed seas such as the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Gulf of California, Sea of Okhotsk, Yellow Sea, Sea ofJapan, Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, and Ross Sea.

On following pages: 46. Pallid Kangaroo Mouse (Microdipodops pallidus); 47. Desert Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys deserti); 48. Banner-tailed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys spectabilis); 49. Nelson's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nelsoni); 50. Texas Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys elaton; 51. Plateau Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ornatus); 52. Phillips's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys phillipsii); 53. San Quintin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys gravipes); 54. Merriam''s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami); 55. Ord's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ordii); 56. Gulf Coast Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys compactus); 57. California Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys californicus); 58. Narrow-faced Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys venustus); 59. Agile Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys agilis); 60. Dulzura Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys simulans); 61. Giant Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ingens); 62. Chisel-toothed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys microps); 63. San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides); 64. Stephens's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi); 65. Heermann's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys heermanni); 66. Panamint Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys panamintinus). in Heteromyidae

On following pages: 46. Pallid Kangaroo Mouse (Microdipodops pallidus); 47. Desert Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys deserti); 48. Banner-tailed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys spectabilis); 49. Nelson's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nelsoni); 50. Texas Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys elaton; 51. Plateau Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ornatus); 52. Phillips's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys phillipsii); 53. San Quintin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys gravipes); 54. Merriam''s Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami); 55. Ord's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ordii); 56. Gulf Coast Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys compactus); 57. California Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys californicus); 58. Narrow-faced Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys venustus); 59. Agile Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys agilis); 60. Dulzura Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys simulans); 61. Giant Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ingens); 62. Chisel-toothed Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys microps); 63. San Joaquin Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys nitratoides); 64. Stephens's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi); 65. Heermann's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys heermanni); 66. Panamint Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys panamintinus).

Subspecies and Distribution. D. m. merriami Mearns, 1890 — SW USA and NW Mexico (desert regions from N Nevada and extreme SW Utah, through SE California and SW Arizona, to NE Baja California and Sonora). D. m. ambiguus Merriam, 1890 — SW USA and NW Mexico (N portion of the Chihuahuan Desert from NC New Mexico and W Texas, through E Chihuahua and Coahuila, to NE Durango, N Zacatecas, and C Nuevo Leon). D. m. annulus Huey, 1951 — NW Mexico (coastal plains of the Gulf of California, SE Baja California). D. m. arenivagus Elliot, 1904 — SW USA and NW Mexico (S Mojave Desert of SC California and E of Sierra Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Martir to C Baja California). D. m. atronasus Merriam, 1894 — NC Mexico (southern portion of the Chihuahuan Desert from EC Zacatecas, SE Coahuila, and SW Nuevo Leon to Aguascalientes and San Luis Potosi). D. m. brunensis Huey, 1951 — NW Mexico (Gulf of California coast of NE Baja California Sur). D. m. collinus Lidicker, 1960 — SW USA (San Felipe, Earthquake, La Puerta, and Aguanga valleys of SW California). D. m. frenatus Bole, 1936 — SW USA (SW Utah and NW Arizona). D. m. insularis Merriam, 1907 — NW Mexico (San José I, Gulf of California, Baja California Sur). D. m. margaritae Merriam, 1907 — NW Mexico (Santa Margarita I, Baja California Sur). D. m. mayensis Goldman, 1928 — NW Mexico (Gulf of California coastal plains of S Sonora and N Sinaloa). D. m. melanurus Merriam, 1893 — NW Mexico (Magdalena Plains and Cape Region of S Baja California Sur). D. m. mitchelli Mearns, 1897 — NW Mexico (Tiburon I, Gulf of California, Sonora). D. m. olivaceus Swarth, 1929 — SW USA and NW Mexico (transitional zone between the Sonoran Desert of SE Arizona and NE Sonora, and the Chihuahuan Desert of SW New Mexico and NW Chihuahua). D. m. parvus Rhoads, 1894 — SW USA (San Bernardino and San Jacinto valleys of SW California). D. m. platycephalus Merriam, 1907 — NW Mexico (Pacific slope S of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, S Baja California to the Vizcaino Desert of N Baja California Sur). D. m. quintinensis Huey, 1951 — NW Mexico (San Quintin Plain, Pacific coast of NW Baja California). D. m. trinidadensis Huey, 1951 — SW USA and NW Mexico (S California and N Baja California). D. m. vulcani Benson, 1934 — SW USA (disjunct and restricted distribution in Toroweap Valley, NW Arizona). in Heteromyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. D. m. merriami Mearns, 1890 — SW USA and NW Mexico (desert regions from N Nevada and extreme SW Utah, through SE California and SW Arizona, to NE Baja California and Sonora). D. m. ambiguus Merriam, 1890 — SW USA and NW Mexico (N portion of the Chihuahuan Desert from NC New Mexico and W Texas, through E Chihuahua and Coahuila, to NE Durango, N Zacatecas, and C Nuevo Leon). D. m. annulus Huey, 1951 — NW Mexico (coastal plains of the Gulf of California, SE Baja California). D. m. arenivagus Elliot, 1904 — SW USA and NW Mexico (S Mojave Desert of SC California and E of Sierra Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Martir to C Baja California). D. m. atronasus Merriam, 1894 — NC Mexico (southern portion of the Chihuahuan Desert from EC Zacatecas, SE Coahuila, and SW Nuevo Leon to Aguascalientes and San Luis Potosi). D. m. brunensis Huey, 1951 — NW Mexico (Gulf of California coast of NE Baja California Sur). D. m. collinus Lidicker, 1960 — SW USA (San Felipe, Earthquake, La Puerta, and Aguanga valleys of SW California). D. m. frenatus Bole, 1936 — SW USA (SW Utah and NW Arizona). D. m. insularis Merriam, 1907 — NW Mexico (San José I, Gulf of California, Baja California Sur). D. m. margaritae Merriam, 1907 — NW Mexico (Santa Margarita I, Baja California Sur). D. m. mayensis Goldman, 1928 — NW Mexico (Gulf of California coastal plains of S Sonora and N Sinaloa). D. m. melanurus Merriam, 1893 — NW Mexico (Magdalena Plains and Cape Region of S Baja California Sur). D. m. mitchelli Mearns, 1897 — NW Mexico (Tiburon I, Gulf of California, Sonora). D. m. olivaceus Swarth, 1929 — SW USA and NW Mexico (transitional zone between the Sonoran Desert of SE Arizona and NE Sonora, and the Chihuahuan Desert of SW New Mexico and NW Chihuahua). D. m. parvus Rhoads, 1894 — SW USA (San Bernardino and San Jacinto valleys of SW California). D. m. platycephalus Merriam, 1907 — NW Mexico (Pacific slope S of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, S Baja California to the Vizcaino Desert of N Baja California Sur). D. m. quintinensis Huey, 1951 — NW Mexico (San Quintin Plain, Pacific coast of NW Baja California). D. m. trinidadensis Huey, 1951 — SW USA and NW Mexico (S California and N Baja California). D. m. vulcani Benson, 1934 — SW USA (disjunct and restricted distribution in Toroweap Valley, NW Arizona).

Subspecies and Distribution. C.s.spinatusMerriam,1889—SWUSAandNWMexico(SNevada,SECalifornia,andNEBajaCalifornia). C.s.broccusHuey,1960—NWMexico(N&CBajaCaliforniaSur). C.s.bryantiMerriam,1894—NWMexico(SanJoséI,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCali-forniaSur). C.s.evermanniNelson&Goldman,1929—NWMexico(MejiaI,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCalifornia). C.s.guardiaeBurt,1932—NWMexico(IAngeldelaGuarda,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCalifornia). C.s.lambiBenson,1930—NWMexico(EspirituSantoI,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCalifornia). C.s.latijugularisBurt,1932—NWMexico(SanFranciscoI,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCaliforniaSur). C.s.lorenziBanks,1967—NWMexico(SanLorenzoNorte[=LasAnimas]andSanLorenzoSurIs,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCalifornia). C.s.macrosensisBurt,1932—NWMexico(SanMarcosI,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCali-forniaSur). C.s.magdalenaeOsgood,1907—NWMexico(MagdalenaI,PacificOcean,BajaCali-forniaSur). C.s.margaritaeMerriam,1894—NWMexico(SantaMargaritaI,PacificOcean,BajaCaliforniaSur). C.s.occultusNelson,1912—NWMexico(IdelCarmen,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCali-forniaSur). C.s.oribatesHuey,1960—NWMexico(NCBajaCalifornia). C.s.peninsulaeMerriam,1894—NWMexico(SBajaCaliforniaSur). C.s.prietaeHuey,1930—NWMexico(SEBajaCalifornia). C.s.pullusBurt,1932—NWMexico(CoronadoI,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCaliforniaSur). C.s.rufescensHuey,1930—SWUSA(SCCalifornia). C. s. seorsus Burt, 1932 — NW Mexico (I Danzante, Gulf of California, Baja California Sur). in Heteromyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C.s.spinatusMerriam,1889—SWUSAandNWMexico(SNevada,SECalifornia,andNEBajaCalifornia). C.s.broccusHuey,1960—NWMexico(N&CBajaCaliforniaSur). C.s.bryantiMerriam,1894—NWMexico(SanJoséI,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCali-forniaSur). C.s.evermanniNelson&Goldman,1929—NWMexico(MejiaI,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCalifornia). C.s.guardiaeBurt,1932—NWMexico(IAngeldelaGuarda,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCalifornia). C.s.lambiBenson,1930—NWMexico(EspirituSantoI,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCalifornia). C.s.latijugularisBurt,1932—NWMexico(SanFranciscoI,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCaliforniaSur). C.s.lorenziBanks,1967—NWMexico(SanLorenzoNorte[=LasAnimas]andSanLorenzoSurIs,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCalifornia). C.s.macrosensisBurt,1932—NWMexico(SanMarcosI,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCali-forniaSur). C.s.magdalenaeOsgood,1907—NWMexico(MagdalenaI,PacificOcean,BajaCali-forniaSur). C.s.margaritaeMerriam,1894—NWMexico(SantaMargaritaI,PacificOcean,BajaCaliforniaSur). C.s.occultusNelson,1912—NWMexico(IdelCarmen,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCali-forniaSur). C.s.oribatesHuey,1960—NWMexico(NCBajaCalifornia). C.s.peninsulaeMerriam,1894—NWMexico(SBajaCaliforniaSur). C.s.prietaeHuey,1930—NWMexico(SEBajaCalifornia). C.s.pullusBurt,1932—NWMexico(CoronadoI,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCaliforniaSur). C.s.rufescensHuey,1930—SWUSA(SCCalifornia). C. s. seorsus Burt, 1932 — NW Mexico (I Danzante, Gulf of California, Baja California Sur).

Subspecies and Distribution. C.r.rudinorisElliot,1903—NWMexico(CBajaCalifornia). C.r.extimusNelson&Goldman,1930—NWMexico(SWBajaCaliforniaSur). C.r.fornicatusBurt,1932—NWMexico(MonserratI,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCaliforniaSur);butmaybeextinct. C.r.huey:Nelson&Goldman,1929—SWUSAandNWMexicoWoftheColoradoRiver(SECaliforniaandNEBajaCalifornia). C. r. mesidios Huey, 1964 — NW Mexico (C & S Baja California, including Coronado, Pata, and Mitlan Is in Gulf of California, N & C Baja California Sur). in Heteromyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C.r.rudinorisElliot,1903—NWMexico(CBajaCalifornia). C.r.extimusNelson&Goldman,1930—NWMexico(SWBajaCaliforniaSur). C.r.fornicatusBurt,1932—NWMexico(MonserratI,GulfofCalifornia,BajaCaliforniaSur);butmaybeextinct. C.r.huey:Nelson&Goldman,1929—SWUSAandNWMexicoWoftheColoradoRiver(SECaliforniaandNEBajaCalifornia). C. r. mesidios Huey, 1964 — NW Mexico (C & S Baja California, including Coronado, Pata, and Mitlan Is in Gulf of California, N & C Baja California Sur).

Subspecies and Distribution. C.b.baileysMerriam,1894—SWUSAandNWMexicoWofColoradoRiver(SArizona,SWNewMexico,Sonora,andN Sinaloa). C. b. insularis Townsend, 1912 — NW Mexico (Tiburon I, Gulf of California, Sonora). in Heteromyidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C.b.baileysMerriam,1894—SWUSAandNWMexicoWofColoradoRiver(SArizona,SWNewMexico,Sonora,andN Sinaloa). C. b. insularis Townsend, 1912 — NW Mexico (Tiburon I, Gulf of California, Sonora).

Distribution. Cool temperate waters of the N Pacific, primarily between 38° N and 47° N, including the Yellow Sea, Sea ofJapan, S Sea of Okhotsk, S Bering Sea, and S Gulf of California. in Delphinidae

Distribution. Cool temperate waters of the N Pacific, primarily between 38° N and 47° N, including the Yellow Sea, Sea ofJapan, S Sea of Okhotsk, S Bering Sea, and S Gulf of California.

Distribution. Worldwide in tropical and warm temperate oceanic waters mainly from ¢.50° N to ¢.50° S, including semi-enclosed seas such as Gulf of California, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, Arabian Sea, Red Sea, Sea ofJapan, and Yellow Sea. in Delphinidae

Distribution. Worldwide in tropical and warm temperate oceanic waters mainly from ¢.50° N to ¢.50° S, including semi-enclosed seas such as Gulf of California, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, Arabian Sea, Red Sea, Sea ofJapan, and Yellow Sea.

Subspecies and Distribution. L.a.alleniMearns,1890—SCArizona(SWUSA)andC&WSonora(NWMexico). L.a.palitansBangs,1900—SSonora,Sinaloa,extremeSWChihuahua,andNWNayarit(WMexico). L. a. tiburonensis Townsend, 1912 — Tiburon I in the Gulf of California, Sonora (NW Mexico). in Leporidae

Subspecies and Distribution. L.a.alleniMearns,1890—SCArizona(SWUSA)andC&WSonora(NWMexico). L.a.palitansBangs,1900—SSonora,Sinaloa,extremeSWChihuahua,andNWNayarit(WMexico). L. a. tiburonensis Townsend, 1912 — Tiburon I in the Gulf of California, Sonora (NW Mexico).

FIGURE 4. Pinnixa plectrophoros Glassell, 1935, A–G in Redescription of the poorly known pea crab, Pinnixa plectrophoros Glassell, 1935 (Decapoda: Pinnotheridae), from the Gulf of California

FIGURE 4. Pinnixa plectrophoros Glassell, 1935, A–G, male from Bahía Santa María–La Reforma (ICML-EMU 10575). A– B, third maxilliped, A, external view, B, internal view, exopod and setae omitted but marking the line of points where the long plumose setae emerge; C, sternite, abdomen and telson; D–E fourth walking leg, D, posterior side, E, anterior side; F, male abdomen and telson; G, left gonopod; H, abdomen of female from Bahía Santa María—La Reforma, Sinaloa (A–B, G, scale bar = 0. 5 mm; C–F, H, scale bar = 1 mm).

FIGURE 3. Pinnixa plectrophoros, 1935 in Redescription of the poorly known pea crab, Pinnixa plectrophoros Glassell, 1935 (Decapoda: Pinnotheridae), from the Gulf of California

FIGURE 3. Pinnixa plectrophoros, 1935, Glassell Male from Bahía Santa María–La Reforma, Sinaloa (ICML-EMU 10575); A, Carapace, dorsal view; B–C, left cheliped, setae omitted in C; D, right first walking leg, posterior view; E, right second walking leg, posterior view; F–G, right third walking leg, F, posterior view; G, anterior view. (Scale bar = 1 mm).

FIGURE 1. Pinnixa plectrophoros, 1935 in Redescription of the poorly known pea crab, Pinnixa plectrophoros Glassell, 1935 (Decapoda: Pinnotheridae), from the Gulf of California

FIGURE 1. Pinnixa plectrophoros, 1935, Glassell Male holotype (SDNHM 3894), Puerto Peñasco, Sonora, México, A, anterodorsal view; B, ventral view; C, propodus and dactyl of second walking leg, arrows point the subproximal tubercles; D, third walking leg, arrows point spur on ventral side of merus and spine and granules in propodus and dactylus.

FIGURE 2. Pinnixa plectrophoros, 1935 in Redescription of the poorly known pea crab, Pinnixa plectrophoros Glassell, 1935 (Decapoda: Pinnotheridae), from the Gulf of California

FIGURE 2. Pinnixa plectrophoros, 1935, Glassell Male from Bahía Santa María–La Reforma (ICML-EMU 10575), color in life. (Scale bar = 1 mm).

FIGURE 11 in Amended definitions for Aplysinidae and Aplysina (Porifera, Demospongiae, Verongiida): on three new species from a remarkable population in the Gulf of California

FIGURE 11. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree obtained with ITS sequences, illustrating relationship between the new species of the genus Aplysina and other related species. The number next to the branches indicate the bootstrap support values.

FIGURE 9 in Amended definitions for Aplysinidae and Aplysina (Porifera, Demospongiae, Verongiida): on three new species from a remarkable population in the Gulf of California

FIGURE 9. Ƒerongia thiona de Laubenfels, 1930 (=Aplysina thiona), A‒B. Paratype USNM‒21501 Laguna Beach, California, U.S.A., C. Detail of fibers showing bark and pith. D. General structure of the skeleton, ectosomal area included.

FIGURE 10 in Amended definitions for Aplysinidae and Aplysina (Porifera, Demospongiae, Verongiida): on three new species from a remarkable population in the Gulf of California

FIGURE 10. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree obtained with CO1 sequences, showing the relationship of A. azteca sequence with other species of the genus Aplysina. The number next to the branches indicate the bootstrap support values.

FIGURE 8 in Amended definitions for Aplysinidae and Aplysina (Porifera, Demospongiae, Verongiida): on three new species from a remarkable population in the Gulf of California

FIGURE 8. Aplysina azteca Gómez & Bakus, 1992, A. Skeletal architecture of dendritic fibers. B. Detail of dendritic fibers. C. Skeletal architecture of anastomosed fibers.