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FIGURE 1 in Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species

FIGURE 1. Kalanchoe thyrsiflora most often has obovate, rather than round leaves and remains smaller growing than K. luciae. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 7 in Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species

FIGURE 7. The corolla lobes of Kalanchoe benbothae are variously reddish to reddish pink-infused. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 2 in Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae [K. luciae × K. winteri] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, large-growing nothospecies from South Africa

FIGURE 2. Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae. A. Basally, the leaves of K. ×verdoorniae are pronouncedly auriculate, as in K. winteri. B. All plant parts of K. ×verdoorniae, including the very tall-growing inflorescence and the external surface of the flowers, are strongly white-waxcovered. C. Leaves of K. ×verdoorniae are obovate and in size intermediate between those of K. luciae and K. winteri. D. Colour-wise, the adaxial surface of the corolla lobes is light yellow and intermediate between those of K. luciae and K. winteri. All photographs: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 1 in Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae [K. luciae × K. winteri] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, large-growing nothospecies from South Africa

FIGURE 1. Kalanchoe luciae (A, B) and K. winteri (C, D) are the parents of K. ×verdoorniae. A. The leaves of K. luciae are generally large and round to obovate to oblong in outline and often have a reddish to purplish red-infusion, especially along and towards the margins. Basally, the leaves are not to hardly auriculate. B. The flowers of K. luciae are cigar-shaped, and in this case the adaxial surface of the corolla lobes is white. C. Like those of K. luciae, the leaves of K. winteri are also obovate to somewhat oblong to round, but usually smaller and occasionally only light red-infused. Basally, the leaves are distinctly auriculate. D. The adaxial surface of the corolla lobes of the cigar-shaped flowers of K. winteri are yellow. In both K. luciae and K. winteri virtually all plant parts are densely white-wax-covered. All photographs: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 6 in Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species

FIGURE 6. The leaves of Kalanchoe crouchii are obovate to, often, almost perfectly round. Plants of K. crouchii are the smallest of the species included in K. sect. Raveta. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 3 in Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species

FIGURE 3. The most commonly encountered form of Kalanchoe montana has finely pubescent leaves, as here. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 4 in Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species

FIGURE 4. Like the other species included in Kalanchoe sect. Raveta, K. wildii has white-waxy leaves. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch.

FIGURE 4 in A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the names and new combinations published between 1881 and 1930 in the genus Kitchingia, basionym of Kalanchoe subg. Kitchingia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), by John Gilbert Baker (1834-1920), Otto Stapf (1857-1933), and Alwin Berger (1871-1931)

FIGURE 4. The basionym of the name Kalanchoe uniflora, pictured here, is Kitchingia uniflora. Photograph Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 2 in A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the names and new combinations published between 1881 and 1930 in the genus Kitchingia, basionym of Kalanchoe subg. Kitchingia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), by John Gilbert Baker (1834-1920), Otto Stapf (1857-1933), and Alwin Berger (1871-1931)

FIGURE 2. German-born succulent plant expert Alwin Berger (1871–1931) published two new combinations in Kitchingia in 1930. Photographer unknown: © of and reproduced with the permission, through Lutz Schmalfuss, of the Alwin-Berger-Archivs, Bürgerverein Möschlitz e.V., Germany.

FIGURE 3 in A nomenclatural and taxonomic review of the names and new combinations published between 1881 and 1930 in the genus Kitchingia, basionym of Kalanchoe subg. Kitchingia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), by John Gilbert Baker (1834-1920), Otto Stapf (1857-1933), and Alwin Berger (1871-1931)

FIGURE 3. The basionym of the name Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx, pictured here, is Kitchingia porphyrocalyx. Photograph Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 3. A in Kalanchoe steyniae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; K. [subg. Kalanchoe sect. Raveta] ser. Rotundifoliae), a new, small-growing, shrubby species from eastern southern Africa

FIGURE 3. A. Lateral view of flowers of Kalanchoe steyniae (left) and K. rotundifolia (right). Note the much longer, very strongly reddish-infused sepals of K. steyniae. Scale bar = 10 mm. B. Frontal view of the corolla mouth of K. steyniae (left) and K. rotundifolia (right). The uniformly bright crimson red, narrowly lanceolate-falcate corolla lobes of K. steyniae are strongly recurved, as here, or spread at a 90° angle. Scale bar = 10 mm. C. The yellow- to orangey yellow-flowered K. alticola has sepal lobes of 4–7 mm in length. D. Kalanchoe steyniae often occurs on very rocky substrates, as here in Lebombo Summit Sourveld vegetation. E. Hester M. Steyn (1967–) for whom K. steyniae is named. Photographs A–B and D by Gideon F. Smith; photograph C by Neil R. Crouch; and photograph E by Marinda Koekemoer.

FIGURE 3. A in A review and analysis of the nomenclature and taxonomy of the genus-rank synonyms of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) published between 1763 and 1956

FIGURE 3. A. Material of Kalanchoe lanceolata, the currently accepted name of Meristostylus macrocalyx. Meristostylus macrocalyx is the [lecto-]type of the genus name Meristostylus. B. Type specimen (lectotype), deposited in Herb. B, of the name M. macrocalyx: "Mozambique. [Likely Companhia do] Boror, an Waldrändern [on forest edges]", s.d., W.C.H. Peters s.n. (Herb. B barcode B 10 0241957). Credits: Photograph 3A taken by Gideon F. Smith. Photograph 3B courtesy, copyright, and reproduced with the kind permission of Herb. B, at the Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum (BGBM) Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

FIGURE 4. A in A review and analysis of the nomenclature and taxonomy of the genus-rank synonyms of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) published between 1763 and 1956

FIGURE 4. A. Material of Kalanchoe pinnata, the currently accepted name of Bryophyllum calycinum. Bryophyllum calycinum is the type [species] of the genus name Bryophyllum. B. Photograph of the type specimen (holotype) of the name Cotyledon pinnata, basionym of Kalanchoe pinnata: [MAURITIUS]. s.l., s.d., [P.] Sonnerat s.n. (Herb. P barcode P00297646). Credits: Photograph 4A taken by Gideon F. Smith. Photograph 4B is copyright of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN—Paris, France), and reproduced with their permission, which is gratefully acknowledged.

FIGURE 2. A in A review and analysis of the nomenclature and taxonomy of the genus-rank synonyms of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) published between 1763 and 1956

FIGURE 2. A. Material of Kalanchoe crenata, the currently accepted name of Vereia crenata, the type [species] of the genus name Vereia. B. Type specimen (holotype) of the name V. crenata, basionym of Kalanchoe crenata: "Hort. Vere 1798 (e Sierra Leone)" s.c. s.n. (Herb. BM barcode BM000649706). Credits: Photograph 2A taken by Gideon F. Smith. Photograph 2B courtesy and reproduced with the permission of the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom. Photograph 2B is © and reproduced with the permission of The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom. Use of Figure 2B is covered by Creative Commons Attribution CC BY licence.

FIGURE 2. A in Kalanchoe steyniae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; K. [subg. Kalanchoe sect. Raveta] ser. Rotundifoliae), a new, small-growing, shrubby species from eastern southern Africa

FIGURE 2. A. Plants of Kalanchoe steyniae are small-growing shrublets that reach reproductive maturity when they are about 200 mm tall. B. Kalanchoe steyniae often develops stilt-like, aerial roots from its stems and branches. Interestingly, with its brittle-woody stems and branches, K. steyniae is considerably more pest resistant than K. rotundifolia, with aphid infestations being very uncommon in K. steyniae. C. The leaves of K. steyniae have a firm texture. As in K. rotundifolia, detached leaves will sprout new plants from the base. D. Flowers of K. steyniae are densely and compactly arranged in ± flat-topped, corymbose cymes. All photographs by Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 1 in Expanding and subdividing the southern and south-tropical African Kalanchoe [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): description of K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Raveta, K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Longiflorae, and K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Rotundifoliae

FIGURE 1. Kalanchoe thyrsiflora is the type species of K. sect. Raveta and K. ser. Raveta. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 2 in Expanding and subdividing the southern and south-tropical African Kalanchoe [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): description of K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Raveta, K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Longiflorae, and K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Rotundifoliae

FIGURE 2. The leaves of representatives of Kalanchoe [sect Raveta] ser. Raveta are variously sized, generally flat, and round to oblong to obovate, with the margins being entire, as in the case of K. deliae, shown here. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 6 in Expanding and subdividing the southern and south-tropical African Kalanchoe [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): description of K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Raveta, K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Longiflorae, and K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Rotundifoliae

FIGURE 6. The flowers of representatives of Kalanchoe [sect. Raveta] ser. Rotundifoliae are generally abruptly urceolate, as here, in the case of K. klopperae. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 5 in Expanding and subdividing the southern and south-tropical African Kalanchoe [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): description of K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Raveta, K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Longiflorae, and K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Rotundifoliae

FIGURE 5. Kalanchoe rotundifolia is the type species of K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Rotundifoliae. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 4 in Expanding and subdividing the southern and south-tropical African Kalanchoe [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): description of K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Raveta, K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Longiflorae, and K. [sect. Raveta] ser. Rotundifoliae

FIGURE 4. The gradually urceolate flowers of representatives of Kalanchoe [sect. Raveta] ser. Longiflorae are borne erectly to erectlyspreading, as here in the case of K. leblanciae. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.