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394 results for “Malvaceae”
Alignments from: Gene count from target sequence capture places three whole genome duplication events in Hibiscus L. (Malvaceae)
<p class="BodyA"><span><b>Background:</b> The great diversity in plant genome size and chromosome number is partly due to polyploidization (i.e., genome doubling events). The differences in genome size and chromosome number among diploid plant species can be a window into the intriguing phenomenon of past genome doubling that may be obscured through time by the process of diploidization. The genus <i>Hibiscus </i>L. (Malvaceae) has a wide diversity of chromosome numbers and a complex genomic history. <i>Hibiscus </i>is ideal for exploring past genomic events because although two ancient genome duplication events have been identified, more are likely to be found due to its diversity of chromosome numbers. To reappraise the history of whole genome duplication events, we tested three alternative scenarios describing different polyploidization events.</span></p> <p class="BodyA"><span><b>Results:</b> Using target sequence capture, we designed a new probe set for <i>Hibiscus </i>and generated 87 orthologous genes from four diploid species. We detected paralogues in >54% putative single-copy genes. 34 of these genes were selected for testing three different genome duplication scenarios using gene counting. All species of <i>Hibiscus</i> sampled shared one genome duplication with <i>H. syriacus</i> and one whole genome duplication occurred along the branch leading to <i>H. syriacus</i>.</span></p> <p class="BodyA"><span><b>Conclusions:</b> Here, we corroborated the independent genome doubling previously found in the lineage leading to <i>H. syriacus </i>and a shared genome doubling of this lineage and the remainder of <i>Hibiscus</i>. Additionally, we found a previously undiscovered genome duplication shared by the /Pavonia and /Malvaviscus clades (both nested within <i>Hibiscus</i>) with the occurrences of two copies in what were otherwise single-copy genes. Our results highlight the complexity of genomic diversity in some plant groups, which makes orthology assessment and accurate phylogenomic inference difficult.</span></p>
Data from: A taxonomic revision of the African genus Desplatsia Bocq. (Malvaceae - Grewioideae) with identifiers
<p>A taxonomic revision of <i>Desplatsia</i> Bocq. (Malvaceae s.l., subfamily Grewioideae, tribe Grewieae) based on 810 herbarium specimens is presented. <i>Desplatsia</i> is a genus of trees and shrubs found in tropical West and Central Africa and is characterised by subulately divided stipules, the absence of an androgynophore, stamens that are fused to a tube at the base, and large and distinctive fruits that are dispersed by elephants. Four species are recognized (<i>D. subericarpa</i>, <i>D. chrysochlamys</i>, <i>D. dewevrei</i> and <i>D. mildbraedii</i>) and 12 species names are placed into synonymy, two of which have been put into synonymy for the first time: <i>D. floribunda</i> and <i>D. trillesiana</i>. All four species are locally abundant and their conservation status is assessed as Least Concern (LC). A key to the species, full species descriptions, illustrations, a specimen citation list and distribution maps are provided.</p>
Trichome micromorphology in Alcea L. and allied genera (Malvaceae) and its systematic
Trichomes of 26 species of the genus Alcea were investigated using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The trichomes show a great micromorphological variation, which provides interesting data for species delimitation in Alcea. Two basic types of trichomes can be distinguished in the genus Alcea and the allied genera: glandular and eglandular. The glandular trichomes can in turn be subdivided into two subtypes: capitate and clavate. The eglandular trichomes can be subdivided into five subtypes: simple, fascicled, stellate, fascicled-stellate and pluri-radiate. Characters of taxonomic interest are: trichome density (glabrous to dense), number of arms per trichome, orientation relative to the epidermal surface (appressed to erect) and presence/absence of stalk. According to our results the species of Alcea can be divided into four informal groups based on trichome types. Our results support the exclusion of annual Althaea from the perennial ones and its close placement to Malva. In addition, the close relationship between perennial Althaea and basal Alcea lineages is supported by our trichome micro-morphological investigation. Based on the evolutionary framework provided by recent molecular phylogenetic investigations, following trends can be proposed in Malva alliance: long and narrowly armed trichomes are primitive against the short and thickly armed trichomes, dense indumentum coverage is primitive against the moderately dense or glabrous ones, the presence of simple hairs on stem (particularly on leaves) is more advanced against their absence, spreading villous-stellate and fascicled trichomes are more advanced against the appressed stellate ones and clavate trichomes, which were found exclusively in few species of Alcea, should be considered as a derived state against the capitate ones, and potentially provide a synapomorphy for the crown group of Alcea, but this conclusion needs to be tested by adding more species to trichome morphological analysis.
Data from: Chloroplast DNA-based phylogeography of Tilia americana (Malvaceae)
A comprehensive picture of how plant species and communities move and evolve over time will require that a variety of species be studied, including plants with different life histories, rarity, and distributions. Relatively few phylogeographic studies have focused on trees. In the present study, the phylogeographic history of Tilia americana, American basswood, was investigated. Samples were collected from throughout the United States and Mexican ranges of basswood, and a phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on sequence data from two non-coding chloroplast DNA regions. The results showed no evidence for the various hypotheses of multiple basswood species within the U. S. A., but there is evidence for a divergence between a Mexican and U. S. A. clade within basswood. Population genetics and spatial statistical analyses were also performed, and supported the conclusion that the only significant geographic barrier within the North American basswoods is found between U. S. A. and Mexico. An attempt was also made to interpret the anomalous geographic distribution of certain chloroplast haplotypes, raising further questions about past migration routes of North American temperate forest trees.
FIGURES 1−4 in The identity of the Carsidara species (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Carsidaridae) associated with Firmiana simplex (Malvaceae) in Japan and Korea
FIGURES 1−4. Habitus of Carsidara limbata (Enderlein). 1. Male. 2. Female. 3. Fifth instar immature, completely covered in wax. 4. Group of immatures on the underside of a leaf of Firmiana simplex covered in flocculant wax and wax coated droplets of honeydew.
FIGURES 5−11. Carsidara limbata. 5. Head, dorsal view. 6 in The identity of the Carsidara species (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Carsidaridae) associated with Firmiana simplex (Malvaceae) in Japan and Korea
FIGURES 5−11. Carsidara limbata. 5. Head, dorsal view. 6. Forewing, dashed line in cell c+sc represents the area with surface spinules. 7. Male terminalia, in profile. 8. Female terminalia, in profile. 9. Paramere, inner surface. 10. Distal segment of aedeagus, in profile. 11. Paramere, from behind. Scale = 0.1mm.
FIGURES 38–41. 38—40 in Description of immatures and natural history of the weevil Loncophorus pustulatus (Champion, 1903) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae) associated with flowers of Ceiba speciosa (A. St. - Hil.) Ravenna (Bombacoidea: Malvaceae) in southeast Brazil
FIGURES 38–41. 38—40 parasitoid of Loncophorus pustulatus: 38—third larval instar of weevil parasityzed by larva of Catolaccus sp., 39—pupa of Catolaccus sp., 40—adult of Catolaccus sp. 41—blooming "paineira" tree, Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna (city of São Paulo).
FIGURES 28–33. 28 in Description of immatures and natural history of the weevil Loncophorus pustulatus (Champion, 1903) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae) associated with flowers of Ceiba speciosa (A. St. - Hil.) Ravenna (Bombacoidea: Malvaceae) in southeast Brazil
FIGURES 28–33. 28—flower of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna. 29–33 life cycle of Loncophorus pustulatus: 29—oviposition, 30—egg in staminodium, 31—first instar larva, 32—third instar larva, 33— pupa.
FIGURES 23–27 in Description of immatures and natural history of the weevil Loncophorus pustulatus (Champion, 1903) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae) associated with flowers of Ceiba speciosa (A. St. - Hil.) Ravenna (Bombacoidea: Malvaceae) in southeast Brazil
FIGURES 23–27. Loncophorus pustulatus, pupa. Habitus: 23—dorsal view, 24—ventral view, 25—lateral view. Abdominal extremity: ventral view, 26—female, 27—male. Legends [s—seta (ae)]: ds—discal s.; ls—lateral s.; os—orbital s.; pas—postantennal s.; pls—posterolateral s.; pc—pseudocerci; rs—rostral s.; sas—super apical s.; sos —superorbital s.; SV—sternite V; SVIII—sternite VIII; ThI—thoracic tergite I; ThII—thoracic tergite II; ThIII—thoracic tergite III; TVIII—abdominal tergite VIII; TIX ─ abdominal tergite IX; vs—vertical setae;.
FIGURES 15–22 in Description of immatures and natural history of the weevil Loncophorus pustulatus (Champion, 1903) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae) associated with flowers of Ceiba speciosa (A. St. - Hil.) Ravenna (Bombacoidea: Malvaceae) in southeast Brazil
FIGURES 15–22. Loncophorus pustulatus, third instar larva. Thoracic segments: 15—dorsal, 17—lateral, 20—ventral. Abdominal segment I: 16—dorsal, 18—lateral, 21—ventral. Abdominal segments VIII-IX: 19—lateral, 22—ventral. Legends [seta (ae)—s.]: Ab—abdominal segment; dls, dorsolateral s.; dpls, dorsopleural s.; lsts, laterosternal s.; msts, mesosternal s.; pd—postdorsum; pdas, pedal s.; pds, postdorsal s.; prns, pronotal s.; ss, spiracular s.; Th—thoracic segment; vpls, ventropleural s.
FIGURES 1–3. Loncophorus pustulatus, third instar larva. 1 in Description of immatures and natural history of the weevil Loncophorus pustulatus (Champion, 1903) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae) associated with flowers of Ceiba speciosa (A. St. - Hil.) Ravenna (Bombacoidea: Malvaceae) in southeast Brazil
FIGURES 1–3. Loncophorus pustulatus, third instar larva. 1—habitus of larva (lateral view), 2—head capsule (frontal view), 3—head capsule (posterior view). Legends [seta (ae)—s.]: ant—antenna; cls—clypeal s.; des—dorsal epicranial s.; fs—frontal s.; fsl-frontal sensillum; hyb—hypopharyngeal bracon; les—lateral epicranial s.; lrms—labral s.;pes—posterior epicranial s.; stem—stemma; ves—ventral epicranial s.; teb—tentorial bridge.
FIGURES 4–14 in Description of immatures and natural history of the weevil Loncophorus pustulatus (Champion, 1903) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae) associated with flowers of Ceiba speciosa (A. St. - Hil.) Ravenna (Bombacoidea: Malvaceae) in southeast Brazil
FIGURES 4–14. Loncophorus pustulatus third instar larva: 4—clypeus and labrum, 5—antenna, 6—epipharynx, 7—maxillolabial complex (dorsal view), 8—maxillo-labial complex (ventral view), 9—mandible (ventral view), 10—mandible (dorsal view), 11—prothoracic spiracle, 12—abdominal spiracle I, 13— abdominal spiracle VIII, 14—alimentary canal. Legends [seta (ae)—s.]: als—anterolateral s.; ams—anteromedian s.; cls—clypeal s.; fs—frontal s.; msp—median spines; lr—labral rods; lrms—labral s.; mds—mandibular setae; mes—median setae; anv—anterior ventriculus; gcc—gastric caeca; Mgt—Malpighian tubules; phx—pharynx; pov—posterior ventriculus.
FIGURES 16–18 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)
FIGURES 16–18. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 16, 17, paratype, slide no. AD712; 18, same, phallus, slide no. AD716.
FIGURES 12–15 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)
FIGURES 12–15. Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 12, adult, male, holotype; 13, same, female, paratype; 14, male genitalia, slide no. AD711, holotype, capsule; 15, same, phallus.
FIGURES 24–27 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)
FIGURES 24–27. Female genitalia of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 24, paratype, slide no. AD719; 25, same, coils of ductus spermathecae; 26, 27, paratype, apophyses, slide no. AD714.
FIGURES 22, 23 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)
FIGURES 22, 23. Female genitalia of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov., paratype, slide no. AD719.
FIGURES 7–11 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)
FIGURES 7–11. Bionomics of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 7, 8, host-plant Sida rhombifolia L., Malvaceae; 9–11, leaf-mines with feeding larvae (9, 10) and pupa (11).
FIGURES 1–6 in Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. — a leaf-miner on Sida, Malvaceae, currently with the broadest distribution range in the Neotropics (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae)
FIGURES 1–6. Distribution of Astrotischeria neotropicana sp. nov. 1, 6, habitat, Puerto Misahuallí, Ecuador; 2, same, Puerto Maldonado, Peru; 3, 5, same, El Remate & Tikal, Guatemala; 4, map of currently known distribution.
Fig. 2 in Seed Beetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Associated with Seeds ofPavoniaCav. (Malvaceae), with Description of a New Species and Notes on Three Others
Fig. 2. Female habitus of Acanthoscelides bellamyi, female, habitus. a) Dorsal view, b) Lateral view.
Fig. 4 in Seed Beetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Associated with Seeds ofPavoniaCav. (Malvaceae), with Description of a New Species and Notes on Three Others
Fig. 4. Acanthoscelides elevatus. Male, habitus: a) Dorsal view, b) Lateral view. Female, habitus: c) Dorsal view,
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Allen Brain Atlas
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