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Fig. 5 in New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic

Fig. 5. Leoniorthis robusta gen. et. sp. nov. A–F. Specimens from Putilovo mud mound. G–J. Specimens from Popovka River. A. Holotype, PMU In 110, dorsal exterior (A1) and interior (A2). B. PMU In 111, ventral exterior. C. PMU In 145, ventral interior. D. PMU In 144, ventral interior. E. PMU In 120, dorsal interior (E1); enlargement of cardinal region (E2). F. PMU In 153, oblique view of hingeline and dorsal valve of conjoined specimen. G. PMU In 121, dorsal exterior. H. PMU In 122, dorsal interior. I. PMU In 125, ventral exterior. J. PMU In 123, ventral interior. Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic

Fig. 2. The standard section in Putilovo Quarry compared with the mud mound section (after Tolmacheva, Fedorov, and Egerquist in press). Levels with occurrences of Neumania paucicostata are marked with squares; levels with Leoniorthis robusta are marked with circles.

Fig. 4 in New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic

Fig. 4. Neumania paucicostata sp. nov. Specimens from Putilovo Quarry. A. Holotype PMU In 108; ventral valve interior (A1), enlargement of the spondylium showing the muscle attachment area (A2). B. PMU In 113, oblique internal view of ventral valve showing the U−shaped spondylium. Note that this specimen does not possess rounded muscle scars as in the holotype. C. PMU In 112, enlargement of spondylium on broken ventral valve, slightly oblique view showing theroughmuscleattachmentarea. D.PMUIn109,ventralviewofconjoinedspecimen. E.ExteriorofspecimenPMUIn228indifferentviews. F.PMUIn107, dorsal interior and exterior. G. PMU In 224; oblique posterior view of cardinalia (G1), dorsal valve interior (G2). Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 3. Neumania paucicostata. A. Dorsal valve interior showing the anteriorlylobedmusclescars,drawnfromspecimenPMUIn107. B in New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic

Fig. 3. Neumania paucicostata. A. Dorsal valve interior showing the anteriorlylobedmusclescars,drawnfromspecimenPMUIn107. B.Lateralview of ventral valve drawn from specimen PMU In 108 (holotype).

Fig. 8. A–C. Tetracornella tetraspinosa Zaspelova, 1952. A. Male left valve PIN 5128 in Benthic ostracods from the Early-Middle Frasnian transition in the north-western East European Platform, Russia

Fig. 8. A–C. Tetracornella tetraspinosa Zaspelova, 1952. A. Male left valve PIN 5128/16; sample 6/4; Porkhov Beds, Palmatolepis punctata Zone. B. Male left valve PIN 5128/17; borehole No 5, sample i5/202; Porkhov Beds, Pa. punctata Zone. C. Female right valve PIN 5128/18; Svinord Beds, Pa. punctata Zone. D, E. Tetracornella? sp. nov. A. Female carapaces PIN 5128/19 and PIN 5128/20 in left and right lateral views; CDF, Il'men borehole, sample 67; Semiluki Horizon, Pa. punctata Zone. F. Tetracornella formosa Zaspelova, 1952. Female left valve PIN 5128/21; MDF, borehole No 5, sample i5/205; Pa. punctata Zone. G, H. Tetracornella cf. glebovskaja Zaspelova, 1952. G. Female left valve PIN 5128/22; MDF, Porkhov section, sample 98−6/3; Porkhov Beds, Pa. punctata Zone. H. Male left valve PIN 5128/23; MDF, Porkhov section, sample 98−6/4; Porkhov Beds, Pa. punctata Zone. I, L. Tetracornella schelonica Zaspelova, 1952. I. Female right valve PIN 5128/24; MDF, Porkhov section, sample 98−6/4; Porkhov Beds, Pa. punctata Zone. L. Female left valve PIN 5128/25; MDF, borehole No 6, sample i6/44; Pa. punctata Zone. J, K. Tetracornella sp. nov. B aff. schelonica Zaspelova, 1952. J. Female right valve PIN 5128/26; MDF, borehole No 6, sample i6/44; Pa. punctata Zone. K. Female right valve PIN 5128/27; MDF, Porkhov section, sample 98−6/3; Porkhov Beds, Pa. punctata Zone. M–O. Neodrepanella tricornis (Batalina, 1941). M. Carapace PIN 5128/28 in left lateral view; MDF, borehole No 5, sample i5/209; Porkhov Beds, Pa. punctata Zone. N, O. Right valves PIN 5128/29 and PIN 5128/30; MDF, Koloshka River; Svinord Beds, Pa. punctata Zone. P. Neodrepanella gnedensis Zaspelova, 1952. Right valve PIN 5128/31; MDF, Porkhov section, sample 98−6/4; Porkhov Beds, Pa. punctata Zone. Q, R. Neodrepanella tichomirovi Zaspelova, 1952. Right and left valves PIN 5128/32 and PIN 5128/33; CDF, sample CDF−9/9; Semiluki Horizon, Pa. punctata Zone. S. Neodrepanella aff. parva Zaspelova, 1952. Carapace PIN 5128/34 in left lateral view; CDF, Il'men borehole, sample 49; Semiluki Horizon, Pa. punctata Zone. T. Neodrepanella cf. prisca Zaspelova, 1952. Left valve PIN 5128/35, MDF, Izborsk Quarry section, sample 5/1; Dubnik Beds, Pa. transitans Zone. U. Neodrepanella sp. Right valve PIN 5128/36; MDF, Koloshka River, Svinord Beds, Pa. punctata Zone. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 10 in Early-Middle Frasnian cyrtospiriferid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 10. Cyrtospiriferids from Middle Frasnian of the Main and Central Devonian Fields. A–C. Cyrtospirifer tenticulum (Verneuil, 1845). A. Buregi Beds, Main Devonian Field. CNIGR 93/6993, neotype, ventral (A1), dorsal (A2), posterior (A3), and lateral (A4) views. B, C Semiluki Horizon, Central Devonian Field. B. CNIGR 3535/2858, ventral (B1), dorsal (B2), posterior (B3), anterior (B4), and lateral (B5) views, and shell surface showing microornament (B6). C. CNIGR 3534/2858, ventral (C1), dorsal (C2), posterior (C3), anterior (C4), and lateral (C5) views. D, E. Cyrtospirifer lictor Nalivkin, 1930, Semiluki Horizon, Don river, Central Devonian Field. D. CNIGR 3530/2858, ventral (D1), dorsal (D2), posterior (D3), anterior (D4), and lateral (D5) views. E. CNIGR 3531/2858, ventral (E1), posterior (E2), anterior (E3), and lateral (E4) views. F. Cyrtospirifer sp. A, Porkhov Beds, Main Devonian Field. CNIGR 11/13157, ventral (F1), posterior (F2), anterior (F3), and lateral (F4) views. G, H. Cyrtospirifer schelonicus (Nalivkin, 1941), Svinord Beds, Main Devonian Field. G. CNIGR 88/6993, ventral (G1), dorsal (G2), posterior (G3), and lateral (G4) views. H. CNIGR 87/6993, ventral (H1), dorsal (H2), posterior (H3), and lateral (H4) views. I. Cyrtospirifer tschudovi Nalivkin, 1941, Chudovo Beds, Main Devonian Field, CNIGR 1/6993, ventral (I1) and posterior (I2) views.

Fig. 4 in Benthic ostracods from the Early-Middle Frasnian transition in the north-western East European Platform, Russia

Fig. 4. Stratigraphical distribution of ostracods in boreholes located in the Lake Il'men area (see Zhuravlev et al. 2006).

Fig. 1 in Benthic ostracods from the Early-Middle Frasnian transition in the north-western East European Platform, Russia

Fig. 1. Overview map of the region: I, Luga and Ladoga monoclines; II, Latvian Uplift; III, Moscow Syneclise; IV, Voronezh Anteclise; 1, Early Frasnian section in the Syas' River; 2, Early Frasnian section in the vicinity of the town Stary Izborsk; 3, Early–Middle Frasnian section in the town of Porkhov; 4, Early–Middle Frasnian section in the town of Soltsy; 5–7, Early– Middle Frasnian boreholes in the Lake Il'men area; 8, Middle Frasnian section in the town of Semiluki; 9, Early–Middle Frasnian Il'men borehole.

Fig. 8 in Early-Middle Frasnian cyrtospiriferid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 8. Cyrtospirifer mylaensis sp. nov., Middle Frasnian, Kraipol Formation, Middle Timan. A. Holotype, CNIGR 8/13157, ventral (A1), dorsal (A2), posterior (A3), anterior (A4), and lateral (A5) views. B. CNIGR 9/13157, ventral (B1), dorsal (B2), posterior (B3), anterior (B4), and lateral (B5) views.

Fig. 5 in Early-Middle Frasnian cyrtospiriferid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 5. Cyrtospiriferids from Middle Frasnian of the Main and Central Devonian Fields. A, B. Cyrtospirifer schelonicus (Nalivkin, 1941), Svinord Beds, Main Devonian Field. A. CNIGR 2/13157, ventral (A1), dorsal (A2), posterior (A3), anterior (A4), and lateral (A5) views. B. CNIGR 3/13157, ventral (B1), dorsal (B2), posterior (B3), anterior (B4), and lateral (B5) views. C, D. Cyrtospirifer rudkinensis Ljaschenko, 1959, Semiluki Horizon, Central Devonian Field. C. CNIGR 4/13157 ventral (C1), dorsal (C2), posterior (C3), anterior (C4), and lateral (C5) views. D. CNIGR 5/13157 ventral (D1), dorsal (D2), posterior (D3), anterior (D4), and lateral (D5) views.

Fig. 3. Early Frasnian cyrtospiriferd Uchtospirifer nalivkini Ljaschenko, 1957 from the Kyn Horizon, Urals. A. CNIGR 287 in Early-Middle Frasnian cyrtospiriferid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 3. Early Frasnian cyrtospiriferd Uchtospirifer nalivkini Ljaschenko, 1957 from the Kyn Horizon, Urals. A. CNIGR 287, ventral (A1), dorsal (A2), anterior (A3), and lateral (A4) views. B. CNIGR 286, ventral (B1), dorsal (B2), anterior (B3), and lateral (B4) views. C. CNIGR 289, ventral (C1), dorsal (C2), anterior (C3), and lateral (C4) views. D. CNIGR 290, ventral (D1), dorsal (D2), anterior (D3), and lateral (D4) views; shell surface showing microornament (D5).

Fig. 4 in Early-Middle Frasnian cyrtospiriferid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 4. Transverse serial sections of complete shell of Uchtospirifer nalivkini Ljaschenko, 1957, Early Frasnian, Kyn Horizon, Urals. Numbers refer to distances in mm from the top of the ventral umbo, CNIGR 1/13157.

Fig. 7 in Early-Middle Frasnian cyrtospiriferid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 7. Transverse serial sections of complete shell of Cyrtospirifer rudkinensis (Ljaschenko, 1959), Middle Frasnian, Semiluki Horizon, Central Devonian Field. CNIGR 7/13157. Distance in mm is measured from the posterior tip of ventral beak.

Fig. 7 in Faunal and facies changes at the Early-Middle Frasnian boundary in the north-western East European Platform

Fig. 7. Correlation of the conodont intervals of the Main Devonian Field and conodont zones of the Central Devonian Field, to show examples of northward migrations.

Fig. 2 in Early-Middle Frasnian cyrtospiriferid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 2. Distribution of Cyrtospiriferidae in the Frasnian of the East European Platform (EEP). The standard conodont zonation after Klapper and Ziegler (1979), Ziegler and Sandberg (1990), and polygnathid zonation for Frasnian of the EEP proposed by Ziegler et al. (2000). Abbreviations: C., Cyrtospirifer; M., Mesotaxis; Pa., Palmatolepis; Po., Polygnathus; U., Uchtospirifer.

Fig. 1. A in Early-Middle Frasnian cyrtospiriferid brachiopods from the East European Platform

Fig. 1. A map showing the position of Frasnian brachiopod localities containing cyrtospiriferids of the East European Platform. Abbreviations: 1, Il'men Lake; 2, Schelon river; 3, Koloschka river; 4, Psizha river; 5, Rudkino village; 6, Kyn village; 7, Myla river; 8, Tsylma river; 9, Pizhma Pechorskaya river.

Fig. 6 in Faunal and facies changes at the Early-Middle Frasnian boundary in the north-western East European Platform

Fig. 6. Faunal intervals and guide species for the Early–Middle Frasnian in the Main Devonian Field, and correlation of the regional and local Frasnian subdivisions of the MDF with global scale and standard conodont zonation.

Fig. 5 in Faunal and facies changes at the Early-Middle Frasnian boundary in the north-western East European Platform

Fig. 5. Carbon isotopic composition (δ13C), fauna diversity dynamics, and sea level changes in the Main Devonian Field in the Early–Middle Frasnian interval (see Fig. 3).

Fig. 4 in Faunal and facies changes at the Early-Middle Frasnian boundary in the north-western East European Platform

Fig. 4. Comparison of the global sea−level curve and regional sea−level fluctuations in the Early–Middle Frasnian interval of the Main Devonian Field (see Fig. 3).

Fig. 3 in Faunal and facies changes at the Early-Middle Frasnian boundary in the north-western East European Platform

Fig. 3. Facies and sea level changes across the Early–Middle Frasnian transition in boreholes located in the Il'men Lake area (see Fig. 1).