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opencc-zeroFeb 2020View details →

Asymmetry in kinematic generalization between visual and passive lead-in movements are consistent with a forward model in the sensorimotor system

In our daily life we often make complex actions comprised of linked movements, such as reaching for a cup of coffee and bringing it to our mouth to drink. Recent work has highlighted the role of such linked movements in the formation of independent motor memories, affecting the learning rate and ability to learn opposing force fields. In these studies, distinct prior movements (lead-in movements) allow adaptation of opposing dynamics on the following movement. Purely visual or purely passive lead-in movements exhibit different angular generalization functions of this motor memory as the lead-in movements are modified, suggesting different neural representations. However, we currently have no understanding of how different movement kinematics (distance, speed or duration) affect this recall process and the formation of independent motor memories. Here we investigate such kinematic generalization for both passive and visual lead-in movements to probe their individual characteristics. After participants adapted to opposing force fields using training lead-in movements, the lead-in kinematics were modified on random trials to test generalization. For both visual and passive modalities, recalled compensation was sensitive to lead-in duration and peak speed, falling off away from the training condition. However, little reduction in force was found with increasing lead-in distance. Interestingly, asymmetric transfer between lead-in movement modalities was also observed, with partial transfer from passive to visual, but very little vice versa. Overall these tuning effects were stronger for passive compared to visual lead-ins demonstrating the difference in these sensory inputs in regulating motor memories. Our results suggest these effects are a consequence of state estimation, with differences across modalities reflecting their different levels of sensory uncertainty arising as a consequence of dissimilar feedback delays.

opencc-zeroMay 2020View details →

Data from: Shark movement strategies influence poaching risk and can guide enforcement decisions in a large, remote Marine Protected Area

<ol> <li>Large, remote marine protected areas (MPAs) containing both reef and pelagic habitats, have been shown to offer considerable refuge to populations of reef-associated sharks. Many large MPAs are, however, impacted by illegal fishing activity conducted by unlicensed vessels. While enforcement of these reserves is often expensive, it would likely benefit from the integration of ecological data on the mobile animals they are designed to protect. Consequently, shark populations in some protected areas continue to decline, as they remain a prime target for illegal fishers.</li> <li>To understand shark movements and their vulnerability to illegal fishing, three years of acoustic tracking data, from 101 reef-associated sharks, were analysed as movement networks to explore the predictability of movement patterns and identify key movement corridors within the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) MPA. We examined how space use and connectivity overlap with spatially-explicit risk of illegal fishing, through data obtained from the management consultancy enforcing the MPA.</li> <li>Using individual-based models, the movement networks of two sympatric shark species were efficiently predicted with distance-decay functions (>95% movements accurately predicted). Model outliers were used to highlight the locations with unexpectedly high movement rates where MPA enforcement patrols might most efficiently mitigate predator removal.</li> <li>Activity space estimates and network metrics illustrate that silvertip sharks were more dynamic, less resident and link larger components of the MPA than grey reef sharks. However, we show that this behaviour potentially enhances their exposure to illegal fishing activity.</li> <li> Synthesis and applications. Marine protected area (MPA) enforcement strategies are often limited by resources. The British Indian Ocean Territory MPA, one of the world's largest 'no take' MPAs, has a single patrol vessel to enforce 640,000 km2 of open ocean, atoll and reef ecosystems. We argue that to optimise the patrol vessel search strategy and thus enhance their protective capacity, ecological data on the space use and movements of desirable species, such as large-bodied reef predators, must be incorporated into management plans. Here, we use electronic tracking data to evaluate how shark movement dynamics influence species mortality trajectories in exploited reef ecosystems. In doing so we discuss how network analyses of such data might be applied for protected area enforcement.</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2017View details →

Individual-based simulation model of annual movement paths for the Darwin's frog (R code and data)

Desprition of the R code I constructed an individual-based simulation model that describes the movement path of an individual Rhinoderma darwinii through 3-month displacement steps. This model was primarily developed to evaluate the age-specific movement behaviour of Darwin's frogs, however, I also used it to provide better estimates (i.e. alleviating for movement censoring) of age-specific annual displacements in the species. I developed several variations of this model through a combination of different random walk sub-models for juveniles and adults: uncorrelated non-stationary random walks (NRW), correlated non-stationary random walks (CRW), and stationary random walks (SRW). The NRW and CRW were modelled as a first-order Markovian process where the location of an individual i in time t depends on its spatial location in t - 1. The NRW is unbiased, i.e., there is no preferred direction in each movement step. In contrast, the CRW includes persistence in the directionality of movement, so there is a correlation between successive step orientations. Finally, the SRW assumes that individuals have an activity centre to which all their spatial locations are related. Related data are provided (y.txt, x.txt and age.txt)

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2017View details →

Data + Analyses: "Gaze-dependent Coding of Somatosensory Reach Targets after Effector Movement: Testing the Impact of Online Information, Movement Timing, and Target Distance"

This upload contains the experiment scripts (written in Presentation), data, and analyses (performed with MATLAB and SPSS) underlying the publication by Mueller & Fiehler (2017). PloS one. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180782

opencc-by-4.0May 2017View details →

Going against the grain – Texture orientation affects direction of exploratory movement

In haptic perception sensory signals depend on how we actively move our hands. For textures with periodically repeating grooves, movement direction can determine temporal cues to spatial frequency. Moving in line with texture orientation does not generate temporal cues. In contrast, moving orthog-onally to texture orientation maximizes the temporal frequency of stimulation, and thus optimizes temporal cues. Participants performed a spatial frequency discrimination task between stimuli of two types. The first type showed the de-scribed relationship between movement direction and temporal cues, the second stimulus type did not. We expected that when temporal cues can be optimized by moving in a certain direction, movements will be adjusted to this direction. However, movement adjustments were assumed to be based on sensory infor-mation, which accumulates over the exploration process. We analyzed 3 indi-vidual segments of the exploration process. As expected, participants only ad-justed movement directions in the final exploration segment and only for the stimulus type, in which movement direction influenced temporal cues. We con-clude that sensory signals on the texture orientation are used online during ex-ploration in order to adjust subsequent movements. Once sufficient sensory evi-dence on the texture orientation was accumulated, movements were directed to optimize temporal cues. Lezkan, A. & Drewing, K. (2016). Going against the grain – Texture orientation affects direction of exploratory movement, part I. Haptics: Perception, Devices, Control, and Applications (pp. 430-440). The Zip file contains all data relative to the publication. A description of the variables is contained in the file VARIABLE_CODES.txt

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2017View details →

Data from Dowiasch et al. (2015) Effects of aging on eye movements in the real world

The effects of aging on eye movements are well studied in the laboratory. Increased saccade latencies or decreased smooth-pursuit gain are well established findings. The question remains whether these findings are influenced by the rather untypical environment of a laboratory; that is, whether or not they transfer to the real world. We measured 34 healthy participants between the age of 25 and 85 during two everyday tasks in the real world: (I) walking down a hallway with free gaze, (II) visual tracking of an earth-fixed object while walking straight-ahead. Eye movements were recorded with a mobile light-weight eye tracker, the EyeSeeCam (ESC). We find that age significantly influences saccade parameters. With increasing age, saccade frequency, amplitude, peak velocity, and mean velocity are reduced and the velocity/amplitude distribution as well as the velocity profile become less skewed. In contrast to laboratory results on smooth pursuit, we did not find a significant effect of age on tracking eye-movements in the real world. Taken together, age-related eye-movement changes as measured in the laboratory only partly resemble those in the real world. It is well-conceivable that in the real world additional sensory cues, such as head-movement or vestibular signals, may partially compensate for age-related effects, which, according to this view, would be specific to early motion processing. In any case, our results highlight the importance of validity for natural situations when studying the impact of aging on real-life performance.

opencc-by-4.0May 2017View details →

Dataset: Analysis of timing variability in human movements by aligning parameter curves in time

Supplementary Data for Analysis of timing variability in human movements by aligning parameter curves in time article Dataset associated with the following publication: Maurer, L. K., Maurer, H., & Müller, H. (2017). Analysis of timing variability in human movements by aligning parameter curves in time. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The data files are structured in the following way: (1) Basic subject information (age, sex) can be found in the file subject_data.txt (tabulator separated text file). (2) The folder parameter_curves contains the angle trajectories of all trials structured in blocks of 50 trials (sometimes less than 50 because of data cleaning procedures deleating corrupted data and trials in which participants released accidentally [with zero velocity]). Each participant performed five practice days with four blocks of 50 trials, i.e. 20 blocks. File names contain subject (1,...,14), day (1,...,5), and block (1,...,4) information. Within the tabulator separated text files each column contains the angle trajectory of one trial consisting of 1000 values (sampled with 1000 Hz). Index 600 is the moment when participants released the virtual ball.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Data sets and R codes for "It's about her: male within-season movements are related to mate searching in a songbird"

AbstractIn species with resource-defense mating systems (such as most temperate-breeding songbirds), male dispersal is often considered to be limited in both frequency and spatial extent. When dispersal occurs within a breeding season, the favored explanation is ecological resource tracking. In contrast, movements of male birds associated with temporary emigration, such as polyterritoriality (i.e., defense of an additional location after attracting a female in the initial territory), are usually attributed to mate searching. We suggest that male dispersal and polyterritoriality are functionally related, and that mate searching may be a unifying hypothesis for predicting the within-season movements of male songbirds. Here, we test three key predictions derived from this hypothesis in Wood Warblers Phylloscopus sibilatrix. We collected data on the spatial behavior of 107 males between 2017 and 2019, and related male movements to a new territory (both in a dispersal and polyterritorial context) to mating potential in the current territory. Most males dispersed from their territories within days or weeks after failing to attract a female, despite occupying territories in apparently suitable habitat. Probability of polyterritoriality by paired males increased after the peak fertile period of their mate. Males never dispersed following nest predation if the female remained to renest. Thus, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that both movement types are functionally related to mate searching.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Examination of head versus body heading may help clarify the extent to which animal movement pathways are structured by environmental cues?

Understanding the processes that determine how animals allocate time to space is a major challenge, althoughit is acknowledged that summed animal movement pathways over time must define space-time use. The criticalquestion is then, what processes structure these pathways? Following the idea that turns within pathways mightbe based on environmentally determined decisions, we equipped Arabian oryx with head- and body-mounted tagsto determine how they orientated their heads – which we posit is indicative of them assessing the environment– in relation to their movement paths, to investigate the role of environment scanning in path tortuosity. Aftersimulating predators to verify that oryx look directly at objects of interest, we recorded that, during routinemovement, > 60% of all turns in the animals' paths, before being executed, were preceded by a change in headheading that was not immediately mirrored by the body heading: The path turn angle (as indicated by the bodyheading) correlated with a prior change in head heading (with head heading being mirrored by subsequent turnsin the path) twenty-one times more than when path turns occurred due to the animals adopting a body headingthat went in the opposite direction to the change in head heading. Although we could not determine what theobjects of interest were, and therefore the proposed reasons for turning, we suggest that this reflects the use ofcephalic senses to detect advantageous environmental features (e.g. food) or to detect detrimental features (e.g.predators). The results of our pilot study suggest how turns might emerge in animal pathways and we proposethat examination of points of inflection in highly resolved animal paths could represent decisions in landscapesand their examination could enhance our understanding of how animal pathways are structured.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

EEG dataset of unilateral and bilateral movement executions

This dataset includes EEG data from 8 subjects who were performing self-intended unilateral and bilateral movement executions. The dataset is structured as follows. The EEG_dataset folder contains an EEG and Metadata folder. The Metadata folder contains text files for each of the measured subjects identified by an individual pseudo-code with general meta information. Also, a short description of the experiment is provided in an additional text file. The EEG folder contains the EEG measurements separated into the unilateral and bilateral conditions of the study as well as a readme (text file) including useful information about the data recording. In each subfolder of the measurement conditions (unilateral and bilateral) the measurements are stored for each of the subjects. The data is stored in the BrainVision format (see https://www.brainproducts.com/support-resources/brainvision-core-data-format-1-0/ for more information regarding the data format).

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Data for: Brain control of bimanual movement enabled by recurrent neural networks

Brain-computer interfaces have so far focused largely on enabling the control of a single effector, for example a single computer cursor or robotic arm. Restoring multi-effector motion could unlock greater functionality for people with paralysis (e.g., bimanual movement). However, it may prove challenging to decode the simultaneous motion of multiple effectors, as we recently found that a compositional neural code links movements across all limbs and that neural tuning changes nonlinearly during dual-effector motion. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of high-quality bimanual control of two cursors via neural network (NN) decoders. This dataset represents all neural activity recorded during these experiments. This includes the neural activity corresponding to unimanual and bimanual hand movements during (1) instructed delay experiments and (2) real-time BCI control of two cursors. Code associated with the data can be found here: <a href="https://github.com/d-r-deo/bimanualBCI" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/d-r-deo/bimanualBCI</a>

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Data from: movement or plasticity: acoustic responses of a torrent frog to stream geophony

Vocalization is the main form of communication in many animals, including frogs, which commonly emit advertisement calls to attract females and maintain spacing. In noisy environments such as streams, mechanisms to maximize signaling efficiency may include vocal plasticity and/or movement of individuals to quieter sections, but which strategy is used is still uncertain. We investigated the influence of stream geophony on the advertisement call of the torrent frog Hylodes perere in the Atlantic Rainforest, southeastern Brazil. In a mark-recapture study, we tested if males remain in their territories and thus adjust their advertisement calls to maximize their communication. We ran mixed linear and generalized models to verify the relation of call parameters and stream geophony, body size and environmental temperature. We found that males remained in the same location across time, increased call intensity in noisier environments but did not reduce call effort. Males also increased the dominant frequency in these situations, suggesting a modulation in this parameter. Our results indicate that territoriality is an important factor to males to increase call intensity to surpass stream noise instead of repositioning along the stream. However, because call effort was maintained, we suggest that sexual selection is crucial in this system, favoring males that better detect others and adjust their call efficiency. This is the first study to evaluate simultaneously frog movements and adaptations to geophony, which contributes to the investigation of the concomitant environmental and sexual selective pressures in species that communicate in noisy environments.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Hierarchically embedded scales of movement shape the social networks of vampire bats

Social structure can emerge from hierarchically embedded scales of movement, where movement at one scale is constrained within a larger scale (e.g., among branches, trees, forests). In most studies of animal social networks, some scales of movement are unobserved, and the relative importance of the observed scales of movement is unclear. Here, we asked: how does individual variation in movement, at multiple nested spatial scales, influence each individual's social connectedness? Using existing data from common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus), we created an agent-based model of how three nested scales of movement—among roosts, clusters, and grooming partners—each influence a bat's grooming network centrality. In each of 10 simulations, virtual bats lacking social and spatial preferences moved at each scale at empirically-derived rates that were either fixed or individually variable and either independent or correlated across scales. We found the number of partners groomed per bat was driven more by within-roost movements than by roost switching, highlighting that co-roosting networks do not fully capture bat social structure. Simulations revealed how individual variation in movement at nested spatial scales can cause false discovery and misidentification of preferred social relationships. Our model provides several insights into how nonsocial factors shape social networks.

openJan 2024View details →

Dataset for Evaluating habitat-specific interference in automated radio telemetry systems: implications for animal movement studies

<h1>Abstract </h1> Automated radio telemetry systems have become a popular and invaluable tool in tracking the activity and movement of wild animals. However, many environmental conditions can hinder accuracy when tracking with this technology. For instance, study sites may contain multiple habitat types, each habitat uniquely affecting the signal strength received from tagged species. To investigate the influence of a structurally diverse study site on an automated radio telemetry system, we conducted this project at a restored and managed pine barren habitat that consisted of a mix of mature pitch pine, treated pitch pine, scrub oak, and hardwood forests. This site, Montague Plains Wildlife Management Area, Montague, Massachusetts, is also a known breeding ground for Eastern whip-poor-will (Antrostomus vociferus). To measure the relationship of radio signal strength with distance across each habitat, we used radio telemetry equipment manufactured by Cellular Tracking Technologies. We produced negative exponential decay functions measuring radio signal strength over distance and tested for differences among habitat types on radio signal strength (RSS). We found that decay function parameters significantly differed by habitat type, prompting us to investigate if accounting for these differences improved location estimate accuracy. To test this, we estimated known locations using trilateration methods with and without habitat calibration. Comparing these tests indicates that habitat-specific adjustments significantly improved location accuracy. Lastly, we visualized estimated RSS-based locations of one week of whip-poor-will data and compared them to GPS data generated from the same individual. Previous studies have accounted for types of environmental interference (like elevation) in the field but have avoided incorporating habitat-specific factors by working with node networks covering a relatively small area, but in this study, we examined the potential to scale up for larger areas and in more complex habitats.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

F I G U R E 2 in Movement and habitat shift responses of juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to annually permanent stream flooding

F I G U R E 2 Mahers River study reach, Newfoundland, showing the habitat conditions before (riffle run) and after (pool) annual flooding.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

F I G U R E 1 in Movement and habitat shift responses of juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to annually permanent stream flooding

F I G U R E 1 Mahers River and North Arm River, Newfoundland, Canada. The seasonally created pool (Flooded Pool reach) is located within Mahers River. Two control reaches were located in Mahers River; one immediately upriver of the created pool habitat (Riffle Above Pool reach) and another approximate 3 km upstream (Mahers Control reach) and two additional control reaches were located in the nearby North Arm River (North Arm 1 and 2).

Fig. 7 in Taxonomic groups with lower movement capacity may present higher beta diversity

Fig. 7. Similarity in species composition of all the groups combined among the 16 localities sampled in Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on the Jaccard coefficient of similarity and subsequent cluster analysis (UPGMA). Obs.: dashed line (significance level: 0.5 or 50%) (AIU, Aiuruoca; BOC, Bocaina de Minas; CAM, Camanducaia; CAX, Caxambu; DEL, Delfim Moreira; EXT, Extrema; GUA, GuaxupÉ; MAR, Maria da FÉ; MON, Monte Belo; MVE, Monte Verde; PAS, Passa Quatro; POÇ, Poços de Caldas; POU, Pouso Alegre; SGS, SÃo Gonçalo do SapucaÍ; SRJ, Santa Rita de Jacutinga; VIR, VirgÍnia).

Fig. 2 in Taxonomic groups with lower movement capacity may present higher beta diversity

Fig. 2. Frequency of occurrence of spermatophytes (n=259), amphibians (n=44), birds (n=66) and primates (n=4) species in the 16 localities sampled in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Frequent (species with registered presence between nine and 16 locations); common (between five and eight localities); and rare (between one and four localities).

Fig. 4 in Taxonomic groups with lower movement capacity may present higher beta diversity

Fig. 4. Similarity in species composition of amphibians among the 16 localities sampled in Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on the Jaccard coefficient of similarity and subsequent cluster analysis (UPGMA). Obs.: dashed line (significance level: 0.5 or 50%) (AIU, Aiuruoca; BOC, Bocaina de Minas; CAM, Camanducaia; CAX, Caxambu; DEL, Delfim Moreira; EXT, Extrema; GUA, GuaxupÉ; MAR, Maria da FÉ; MON, Monte Belo; MVE, Monte Verde; PAS, Passa Quatro; POÇ, Poços de Caldas; POU, Pouso Alegre; SGS, SÃo Gonçalo do SapucaÍ; SRJ, Santa Rita de Jacutinga; VIR, VirgÍnia).

Fig. 3 in Taxonomic groups with lower movement capacity may present higher beta diversity

Fig. 3. Similarity in species composition of spermatophytes among the 16 localities sampled in Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on the Jaccard coefficient of similarity and subsequent cluster analysis (UPGMA). Obs.: dashed line (significance level: 0.5 or 50%) (AIU, Aiuruoca; BOC, Bocaina de Minas; CAM, Camanducaia; CAX, Caxambu; DEL, Delfim Moreira; EXT, Extrema; GUA, GuaxupÉ; MAR, Maria da FÉ; MON, Monte Belo; MVE, Monte Verde; PAS, Passa Quatro; POÇ, Poços de Caldas; POU, Pouso Alegre; SGS, SÃo Gonçalo do SapucaÍ; SRJ, Santa Rita de Jacutinga; VIR, VirgÍnia).