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154 results for “Multiple Origins”
Figure 13 in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 13. Summary of the main structures related with metapneustic respiratory system. A, Tropisternus latus (Brullé, 1837), spiracular chamber, first-instar larva, light microscope photograph, dorsal view. B, Helochares ventricosus Bruch, 1915, spiracular chamber, first-instar larva, light microscope photograph, dorsal view. C, Tropisternus latus (Brullé, 1837), spiracular chamber, first-instar larva, light microscope photograph, dorsal view. D, Helochares ventricosus Bruch, 1915, abdominal spiracle, first-instar larva, light microscope photograph, dorsal view. E–H, Tropisternus setiger Germar, 1824, SEM micrograph: E, spiracular chamber, third-instar larva, ventral view; F, detail of the terminal spiracle with dust filter, third-instar larva, ventral view; G, abdominal spiracle, first-instar larva, dorsal view; H, detail of the closed abdominal spiracles, first-instar larva, dorsal view. I, J, Oocyclus iguazu (Oliva 1996) third-instar larva, SEM micrograph: I, spiracular chamber, dorsal view; J, biforous abdominal spiracle, dorsal view. K, Laccobius kunashiricus Shatrovskiy, 1984, spiracular chamber, third-instar larva, SEM micrograph, dorsal view.
Figure 8. Labroclypeal region. A, B in REVIEW Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)
Figure 8. Labroclypeal region. A, B, Hybogralius hartmeyeri (Régimbart, 1908), third-instar larva, light microscope photographs, dorsal view: A, labroclypeus; B, left epistomal lobe. C, D, Epimetopus mendeli Fikáček et al. 2011, first-instar larva, SEM micrograph, dorsal view: C, labroclypeus; D, right epistomal lobe. Abbreviations: EpLb, epistomal lobe; NS, nasale. Colours: light blue, frontoclypeal region; green, gFR1, group of sensilla of nasale; violet, gFR2, group of sensilla of epistomal lobe.
Figures 33–41 in Phylogenetic analysis of Micrathena and Chaetacis spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) reveals multiple origins of extreme sexual size dimorphism and long abdominal spines
Figures 33–41. Species included in this study. Fig. 33. Micrathena spinosa, female internal genitalia, dorsal, cleared. Fig. 34. Micrathena horrida, female internal genitalia, dorsal, cleared. Fig. 35. Micrathena fissispina, female internal genitalia, dorsal, cleared. Fig. 36. Micrathena schreibersi, female internal genitalia, dorsal, cleared. Fig. 37. Chaetacis aureola, male first tibia, lateral. Fig. 38. Micrathena schreibersi, male palpus, retrolateral. Fig. 39. Micrathena bifida, male palpus, mesal. Fig. 40. Micrathena swainsoni, male palpus, apical. Fig. 41. Micrathena bifida, male palpus, retrolateral. Abbreviations: BP, basal projection of the median apophysis; C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; CM, conductor basal membrane; Cy, cymbium; DP, digitiform projection of the median apophysis; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis rim; MAL, median apophysis lobe; Me, metatarsus; P, paracymbium; Pa, patella; PH, paracymbium hump; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; S, spermathecae; SP, spermathecae projections; ST, subtegulum; Ta, tarsus; TA, terminal apophysis; TAP, terminal apophysis projection; Ti, tibia; TM, tibial macrosetae; TP, tegular projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm except 40 = 0.5 mm.
Figures 26–32 in Phylogenetic analysis of Micrathena and Chaetacis spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) reveals multiple origins of extreme sexual size dimorphism and long abdominal spines
Figures 26–32. Species included in this study. Fig. 26. Micrathena furcata, female carapace, dorsal. Fig. 27. Micrathena digitata, female sternum, ventral. Fig. 28. Micrathena spitzi, female sternum, ventral. Fig. 29. Micrathena spinosa, female sternum, ventral. Fig. 30. Micrathena digitata, abdomen end, lateral. Fig. 31. Micrathena lepidoptera, female abdomen, ventral. Fig. 32. Micrathena spinosa, epigynum and booklungs, ventral. Abbreviations: EP, epigynum sclerotized plate; LMA, large median apodeme; LPB, lateral pigmented bands; MPS, median pigmented stripe; PSL, posterior spine lobe; SA, small apodeme; SpA, spinnerets apodeme; SR, spinnerets sclerotized ring; ST, spinnerets tubercle; VS, ventral spines. Scale bars: 26, 29, 30, 31, 32 = 1 mm; 27, 28 = 0.5 mm.
Figures 22–25 in Phylogenetic analysis of Micrathena and Chaetacis spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) reveals multiple origins of extreme sexual size dimorphism and long abdominal spines
Figures 22–25. Scanning electron microscopy images of species included in the current study. Fig. 22. Wagneriana dimastophora, male copulatory bulb, mesal. Fig. 23. Micrathena nigrichelis, female eye region, dorsolateral. Arrow indicates the post-ocular macroseta. Fig. 24. Gasteracantha. cancriformis, female carapace, dorsolateral. Fig. 25. Micrathena plana, female carapace, dorsolateral. Abbreviations: ALE, anterior lateral eye; AME, anterior median eye; BL, bulb length; BW, bulb width; C, conductor; CH, cephalic hump; E, embolus; LSR, lateral setae rows; MA, median apophysis rim; P, pleura; PLE, posterior lateral eye; PM, paramedian apophysis; PME, posterior median eye; R, radix; TA, terminal apophysis; TF, thoracic fovea; TP, tegular projection.
Figures 18–21 in Phylogenetic analysis of Micrathena and Chaetacis spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) reveals multiple origins of extreme sexual size dimorphism and long abdominal spines
Figures 18–21. Scanning electron microscopy images of species included in the current study. Fig. 18. Chaetacis aureola, female fourth leg, ventral. Fig. 19. Micrathena horrida, epigynum, and book lung covers, anterolateral. Circles indicate anterior apodemes. Fig. 20. Micrathena nigrichelis, epigynum, subventral. Fig. 21. Micrathena nigrichelis, male copulatory bulb, mesal. Abbreviations: BP, basal projection of the median apophysis; C, conductor; CL, conductor lobe; CO, copulatory openings; CS, coxal spines; E, embolus; EL, epigynum lobe; FSB, femoral setal bases; LP, epigynum lateral plates; MA, median apophysis rim; PM, paramedian apophysis; R, radix; SF, booklung stridulating files; TA, terminal apophysis; TB, epigynum transverse bar; TP, tegular projection.
Figure 10 in Phylogenetic analysis of Micrathena and Chaetacis spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) reveals multiple origins of extreme sexual size dimorphism and long abdominal spines
Figure 10. Optimization of the lengths of the first (left) and second (right) pairs of posterior spines under a squaredchange parsimony model. Values are expressed as a proportion of carapace length. Darker values indicate greater lengths and the scale is the same for both traits. Spines are considered to be extremely elongated if longer than the carapace. Micrathena spiders are highlighted by the grey background.
Figure 11 in Phylogenetic analysis of Micrathena and Chaetacis spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) reveals multiple origins of extreme sexual size dimorphism and long abdominal spines
Figure 11. Optimization of female (left) and male (right) carapace lengths under a squared-change parsimony model. Values are expressed in millimetres. Darker values indicate greater lengths and the scale is the same for both sexes. The greater the difference of tone between males and females, the higher the sexual size dimorphism for a given species. Micrathena spiders are highlighted by the grey background.
Figure 7 in Phylogenetic analysis of Micrathena and Chaetacis spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) reveals multiple origins of extreme sexual size dimorphism and long abdominal spines
Figure 7. Character optimizations of the discrete data set in the tree obtained through implied-weighted parsimony (k = 5). Character numbers are indicated above circles and character states are indicated below circles. Filled circles indicate convergence-free apomorphies, open circles represent homoplasious synapomorphies. For character descriptions, see Appendix 1. The grids near the nodes represent a sensitivity analysis using different values of k; open cells represent presence of the corresponding clade in a given weighting scheme, whereas filled cells represent its absence. Different Micrathena species groups are indicated by the alternating background colour. Scale bar = 2.0 mm. All spiders (females at left, males at right) drawn to scale and printed approximately at natural sizes. Continued in Figs 8 and 9.
Figures 5–6. Optimal trees obtained under Bayesian analyses. Fig. 5. Mkv model. Fig. 6 in Phylogenetic analysis of Micrathena and Chaetacis spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) reveals multiple origins of extreme sexual size dimorphism and long abdominal spines
Figures 5–6. Optimal trees obtained under Bayesian analyses. Fig. 5. Mkv model. Fig. 6. MkvG model. Posterior probabilities values are indicated below branches.
Figures 3–4. Optimal trees obtained under parsimony analyses. Fig. 3 in Phylogenetic analysis of Micrathena and Chaetacis spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) reveals multiple origins of extreme sexual size dimorphism and long abdominal spines
Figures 3–4. Optimal trees obtained under parsimony analyses. Fig. 3. Unweighted analysis [length = 575.3; consistency index (CI) = 0.305; retention index (RI) = 0.693]. Fig. 4. Implied weighted analysis (k = 5; length = 579.718; fit = 105; CI = 0.303; RI = 0.689). Bremer supports and symmetric resampling values are indicated below and above branches, respectively. Symmetric resampling values are given in frequency differences (GC; Goloboff et al., 2003).
Figures 1–2. Abdominal spine homology and measurements taken for this study. Fig. 1 in Phylogenetic analysis of Micrathena and Chaetacis spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) reveals multiple origins of extreme sexual size dimorphism and long abdominal spines
Figures 1–2. Abdominal spine homology and measurements taken for this study. Fig. 1. Chaetacis bandeirante, female habitus, dorsal. Arrows indicate primary apodemes. Fig. 2. Chaetacis bandeirante, female habitus, lateral. Abbreviations: AS, anterior spine; AW, abdomen width; CL, carapace length; CW, carapace width; ES, eye interdistance; FL, femur length; FSL, first posterior spine length; LS1, first lateral spine; LS2, second lateral spine; LS3, third lateral spine; PS1, first posterior spine; PS2, second posterior spine; PS3, third posterior spine; RW, rim width; SCL, spinneret cone length. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Data from: Genome-wide investigation of the multiple origins hypothesis for deep-spawning kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) across its pan-Pacific distribution
<p>Salmonids have emerged as important study systems for investigating molecular processes underlying parallel evolution given their tremendous life history variation. Kokanee, the resident form of anadromous sockeye salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>), have evolved multiple times across the species' pan-Pacific distribution, exhibiting multiple reproductive ecotypes including those that spawn in streams, on lake-shores, and at lake depths >50 meters. The latter has only been detected in five locations in Japan and British Columbia, Canada. Here, we investigated the multiple origins hypothesis for deep-spawning kokanee, using 9,721 SNPs distributed across the genome analyzed for the vast majority of known populations in Japan (Saiko Lake) and Canada (Anderson, Seton, East Barrière Lakes) relative to stream-spawning populations in both regions. We detected 397 outlier loci, none of which were robustly identified in paired-ecotype comparisons in Japan and Canada independently. Bayesian clustering and principal components analyses based on neutral loci revealed six distinct clusters, largely associated with geography or translocation history, rather than ecotype. Moreover, a high level of divergence between Canadian and Japanese populations, and between deep- and stream-spawning populations regionally, suggest the deep-spawning ecotype independently evolved on the two continents. On a finer level, Japanese kokanee populations exhibited low estimates of heterozygosity, significant levels of inbreeding, and reduced effective population sizes relative to Canadian populations, likely associated with transplantation history. Along with preliminary evidence for hybridization between deep-spawning and stream-spawning ecotypes in Saiko Lake, these findings should be considered within the context of on-going kokanee fisheries management in Japan.</p>
Transcriptomic analysis demonstrates the expression, origin and function of lncRNAs in multiple skin diseases
<p>Transcriptomic analysis demonstrates the expression, origin and function of lncRNAs in multiple skin diseases</p>
Novel Evaluation With QGC001 in Hypertensive Overweight Patients of Multiple Ethnic Origins
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03198793. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Multiple independent origins of auto-pollination in tropical orchids (Bulbophyllum) in light of the hypothesis of selfing as an evolutionary dead end
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Data from: Genetic diversity and multiple origins of polyploid Atriplex nummularia Lindl. (Chenopodiaceae).
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Data from: Tempo and mode of performance evolution across multiple independent origins of adhesive toe pads in lizards
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Data from: Multiple origins of sex chromosome fusions correlated with chiasma localization in Habronattus jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)
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Data from: Sequential divergence and the multiplicative origin of community diversity
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