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opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Dinitrogen, nitrous oxide, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation for assessment of warming and ocean acidification impacts on unvegetated estuarine sediments

Datasets are made publically available for publication with Communications Earth and Environment, associated with article: "Ocean acidification offsets the effect of warming on sediment denitrification and associated nitrous oxide production". Dataset S1. N2 data (Simone et al., - ds01), Dataset S2. N2O data (Simone et al., - ds02), Dataset S3. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation slurry data (Simone et al., - ds03).

Figure 7 in Primary utricle structure of six Halimeda species and potential relevance for ocean acidification tolerance

Figure 7: Aragonite crystal microstructure of the six Halimeda species examined. Images (with white scale bars = 20 µm) show the locations of primary utricles (pU) and primary inter-utricle spaces (pIUS). Higher magnification images (with black scale bars = 2 µm) of the pU – pIUS boundary show species' diversity in widths of short (<5 µm) aragonite needles (large arrows) and abundance and locations of small (<1 µm) anhedral crystals (small arrows).

Figure 6 in Primary utricle structure of six Halimeda species and potential relevance for ocean acidification tolerance

Figure 6: Linear relationships between (A) average diffusion pathway length and surface diameter of primary utricles in one representative sample, (B) average diffusion pathway length and tissue mineral content (% CaCO3) in whole thalli (n = 10) and (C) average primary utricle diameter and tissue mineral content (% CaCO3) of six Halimeda species collected from Little Cayman Island. Standard deviations of the average values are reported in Table 2. Solid lines represent the linear regression best fit and dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence limit of the regression. Asterisks indicate that the regression coefficients are significant (p <0.05).

Figure 5 in Primary utricle structure of six Halimeda species and potential relevance for ocean acidification tolerance

Figure 5: Examples of transmission electron microscope images from which adhesion length between adjacent primary utricles (pU), defined as diffusion pathway length, were determined from six Halimeda species collected on reefs from Little Cayman Island. The diffusion pathway can be seen to physically isolate the primary inter-utricle space (pIUS) from external seawater (S). Scale bar = 10 µm.

Figure 4 in Primary utricle structure of six Halimeda species and potential relevance for ocean acidification tolerance

Figure 4: Examples of transmission electron microscope images from which surface diameters of primary utricles (pU) were determined from six Halimeda species collected on reefs from Little Cayman Island. Note aragonite crystals in the primary inter-utricle spaces (pIUS). Scale bar = 10 µm.

Figure 3 in Primary utricle structure of six Halimeda species and potential relevance for ocean acidification tolerance

Figure 3: Location of the collection sites and Little Cayman Research Center (LCRC) shown as encircled multi symbol on the northern coast of Little Cayman Island in the Caribbean (inset). The three collection sites were: (A) a shallow (<2 m) back-reef lagoon ~ 250 m from LCRC, (B) a spur and groove fore-reef (~ 15 m) ~ 700 m northeast of LCRC and (C) an outer fore-reef ledge (~ 18 m) ~ 900 m northeast of LCRC.

Figure 1 in Primary utricle structure of six Halimeda species and potential relevance for ocean acidification tolerance

Figure 1: Illustration of a vertical section of a Halimeda copiosa segment showing basic architecture of the outermost filaments. Note how the swollen outer filaments or primary utricles (pU) adhere, creating a physical barrier between primary inter-utricle spaces (pIUS) and external seawater (S). Artwork credit: Chris Johnson.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Supporting for "Bivalve Resilience to Ocean Acidification: Active H+ Efflux as a Mechanism for Shell Growth Maintenance"

Summary: This dataset encompasses a comprehensive collection of responses from the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum to ocean acidification. Key metrics included in this dataset are oxygen consumption rate, Ammonia-N excretion rate, intracellular pH, H⁺ flux, expression and activity of acid-base regulatory genes, and individual growth measurements.  The data was systematically compiled from both field mesocosm and laboratory experiments aimed at elucidating the physiological responses and underlying mechanisms by which bivalves adapt to the stressors associated with ocean acidification.  Data generation occurred primarily between 2020 and 2023. This dataset serves as a valuable resource for enhancing our mechanistic understanding of the responses and adaptive potential of marine bivalves in the context of escalating ocean acidification.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Heterogeneous environmental seascape across a biogeographic brake influences the thermal physiology and tolerances to ocean acidification in an ecosystem

Aim: Understanding how spatio-temporal environmental variability influences stress tolerance, local adaptation, and phenotypic variation among populations is a key challenge for evolutionary ecology and climate change biology. Coastal biogeographic breaks are natural laboratories to explore this fundamental research question due to the contrasting environmental conditions experienced by natural populations across these regions. Location: In the South East Pacific (SEP) coast a major break (30º-32ºS) is characterized by extreme natural variability in sea surface temperature (SST) and carbonate chemistry parameters related to temporal and spatial dynamics in upwelling events. Calcifying organisms inhibiting this zone are exposed to marked fluctuations and clines in SST that together with naturally acidified waters can impact their metabolism, calcification and fitness, making them particularly prone to the effects of climate change (e.g., ocean acidification, OA). We investigated to what extent the spatial and temporal environmental variability (in SST and seawater carbonate conditions) that characterizes the biogeographic break in the SEP, influences intra-specific differences in the thermal ecology and the tolerances to OA of the limpet Scurria araucana. Methods: During two years, we conducted field surveys of limpet populations at sites across the SEP break (27ºS, 30ºS and 32ºS). We collected individuals from each population to test for geographic differences in morphometric (e.g., total buoyancy weight, shell length) and physiological (e.g., oxygen consumption rate, cardiac activity, and thermal performance curves; TPC) responses to local environmental conditions (Tº and pH/pCO2) and to simulated OA scenarios. Results: Populations of S. Araucana exhibit high tolerance to OA with no signal of geographic influence on this attribute. However, inter-population differences in thermal physiology (metabolic rates and performances) where found across the biogeographic break in the SEP coast. Limpets from the central part of the break (30ºS) exhibit higher thermal performance compared to limpets from populations at both sides of the break. Main conclusions: Variation in SST has a greater effect shaping inter-population differences in thermal physiology of the limpet S. araucana. These physiological differences are aligned the thermal heterogenous seascape along the biogeographic break in the SEP. Contrary, temporal and spatial variation in seawater carbonate conditions does not influence inter-population differences in phenotypic response populations, but an overall high tolerance to OA.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Phenotypic data for M. edulis responses to warming and ocean acidification

1. In mosaic marine habitats, such as intertidal zones, ocean acidification (OA) is exacerbated by high variability of pH, temperature, and biological CO2 production. The non-linear interactions among these drivers can be context-specific and their effect on organisms in these habitats remains largely unknown, warranting further investigation. 2. We were particularly interested in Mytilus edulis (the blue mussel) from intertidal zones of the Gulf of Maine (GOM), USA for this study. GOM is a hot spot of global climate change (average Sea Surface Temperature (SST) increasing by > 0.2 °C y−1 ) with > 60% decline in mussel population over the past 40 years. 3. Here, we utilize bioenergetic underpinnings to identify limits of stress tolerance in M. edulis from GOM exposed to warming and OA. We have measured whole-organism oxygen consumption rates and metabolic biomarkers in mussels exposed to control and elevated temperatures (10 vs. 15 °C, respectively) and current and moderately elevated PCO2 levels (~ 400 vs. 800 µatm, respectively). 4. Our study demonstrates that adult M. edulis from GOM are metabolically resilient to the moderate OA scenario but responsive to warming as seen in changes in metabolic rate, energy reserves (total lipids), metabolite profiles (glucose and osmolyte dimethyl amine) and enzyme activities (carbonic anhydrase and calcium-ATPase). 5. Our results are in agreement with recent literature that OA scenarios for the next 100-300 years do not affect this species, possibly as a consequence of maintaining its in vivo acid−base balance.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Data from: Ocean acidification alters sperm responses to egg-derived chemicals in a broadcast spawning mussel

The continued and unprecedented emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) are causing progressive ocean acidification (OA). While deleterious effects of OA on biological systems are well documented in the growth of calcifying organisms, lesser studied impacts of OA include potential effects on gamete interactions that determine fertilisation, which are likely to influence the many marine species that spawn gametes externally. Here, we explore the effects of OA on the signalling mechanisms that enable sperm to track egg-derived chemicals (sperm chemotaxis). We focus on the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, where sperm chemotaxis enables eggs to selectively bias fertilisation in favour of genetically compatible males. Using a factorial experimental design, we test whether the experimental manipulation of seawater pH (comparing ambient conditions to predicted end-of-century scenarios) alters these patterns of differential sperm chemotaxis. While we find no evidence that patterns of male-female gametic compatibility are impacted by OA, we do find that individual males exhibit consistent variation in how their sperm perform in lowered pH levels. This finding of individual variability in the capacity of ejaculates to respond to chemoattractants under acidified conditions suggests that climate change will exert considerable pressure on male genotypes that can withstand an increasingly hostile fertilisation environment.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Supporting Data for Ocean acidification drives global reshuffling of ecological communities

The paradigm that climate change will alter global marine biodiversity is one of the most widely accepted. Yet, its predictions remain difficult to test because laboratory systems are inadequate at incorporating ecological complexity, and common biodiversity metrics have varying sensitivity to detect change. Here, we test for the prevalence of global responses in biodiversity and community-level change to future climate (acidification and warming) from studies at volcanic CO2 vents across four major global coastal ecosystems and studies in laboratory mesocosms. We detected globally replicable patterns of species replacements and community reshuffling under ocean acidification in major natural ecosystems, yet species diversity and other common biodiversity metrics were often insensitive to detect such community change, even under significant habitat loss. Where there was a lack of consistent patterns of biodiversity change, these were a function of similar numbers of studies observing negative vs positive species responses to climate stress. Laboratory studies showed weaker sensitivity to detect species replacements and community reshuffling in general. We conclude that common biodiversity metrics can be insensitive in revealing the anticipated effects of climate stress on biodiversity – even under significant biogenic habitat loss – and can mask widespread reshuffling of ecological communities in a future ocean. Whilst the influence of ocean acidification on community restructuring can be less evident than species loss, such changes can drive the dynamics of ecosystem stability or their functional change. Importantly, species identity matters, representing a substantial influence of future oceans.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2018View details →

Raman data for "Similar controls on calcification under ocean acidification across unrelated coral reef taxa"

This file contains the Raman data and code for "Similar controls on calcification under ocean acidification across unrelated coral reef taxa" by Comeau et al. in Global Change Biology. Run the file, "run.R" in R to reproduce the analysis. Please see the published paper for methods and details: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gcb.14379

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

Raman data for "Flow-driven micro-scale pH variability affects the physiology of corals and coralline algae under ocean acidification"

This file contains the Raman data and code for "Flow-driven micro-scale pH variability affects the physiology of corals and coralline algae under ocean acidification" by Comeau et al. in Scientific Reports. Run the file, "run.R" in R to reproduce the analysis. Please see the published paper for methods and details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49044-w

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

Raman data for "Resistance to ocean acidification in coral reef taxa is not gained by acclimatization"

This file contains the Raman data and code for "Resistance to ocean acidification in coral reef taxa is not gained by acclimatization" by Comeau et al. in Nature Climate Change. Run the file, "run.R" in R to reproduce the analysis. Please see the published paper for methods and details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0486-9

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

Raman data for "Resistance of corals and coralline algae to ocean acidification: physiological control of calcification under natural pH variability"

This file contains the Raman data and code for "Resistance of corals and coralline algae to ocean acidification: physiological control of calcification under natural pH variability" by Cornwall et al. in Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Run the file, "run.R" in R to reproduce the analysis. Please see the published paper for methods and details: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1168">https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1168</a>

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

A Reconstructed Coastal Acidification Database (ReCAD) pCO2 data product for the North American Atlantic Coastal Ocean Margins

<h1>Reconstructed Coastal Acidification Database (ReCAD)</h1> Insufficient spatiotemporal coverage of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) observations has hindered precise carbon cycle studies in coastal oceans and justifies the development of spatially and temporally continuous pCO2 data products. Earlier pCO2 products have difficulties in capturing the heterogeneity of regional variations and decadal trends of pCO2 in the North American Atlantic Coastal Ocean Margin (NAACOM). This study developed a regional reconstructed pCO2 product for the NAACOM (Reconstructed Coastal Acidification Database-pCO2, or ReCAD-NAACOM-pCO2) using a two-step approach combining random forest regression and linear regression. The product provides monthly pCO2 data at 0.25° spatial resolution from 1993 to 2021, enabling investigation of regional spatial differences, seasonal cycles, and decadal changes in pCO2. The observation-based reconstruction was trained using Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) observations as observational values, with various satellite-derived and reanalysis environmental variables known to control sea surface pCO2 as model inputs. The product shows high accuracy during the model training, validation, and independent test phases, demonstrating robustness and capability to accurately reconstruct pCO2 in regions or periods lacking direct observational data. Compared with all the observation samples from SOCAT, the pCO2 product yields a determination coefficient of 0.92, a root-mean-square error of 12.70 µatm, and an accumulative uncertainty of 23.25 µatm. The ReCAD-NAACOM-pCO2 product demonstrates its capability to resolve seasonal cycles, regional-scale variations, and decadal trends of pCO2 along the NAACOM. This new product provides reliable pCO2 data for more precise studies of coastal carbon dynamics in the NAACOM region. The dataset is publicly accessible at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11500974">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11500974</a> (Wu et al., 2024a) and will be updated regularly. <div> <div> </div> </div> Version 1.1: Update the training set output as the direct model outputs instead of being the 10-fold cross-validation output in v1.0. Data description paper: Wu, Z., Lu, W., Roobaert, A., Song, L., Yan, X.-H., and Cai, W.-J.: A machine-learning reconstruction of sea surface pCO2 in the North American Atlantic Coastal Ocean Margin from 1993 to 2021, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 43–63, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-43-2025">https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-43-2025</a>, 2025.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Ocean acidification influences host DNA methylation and phenotypic plasticity in environmentally susceptible corals

As climate change challenges organismal fitness by creating a phenotype–environment mismatch, phenotypic plasticity generated by epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation) can provide a temporal buffer for genetic adaptation. Epigenetic mechanisms may be crucial for sessile benthic marine organisms, such as reef-building corals, where ocean acidification (OA) and warming reflect in strong negative responses. We tested the potential for scleractinian corals to exhibit phenotypic plasticity associated with a change in DNA methylation in response to OA. Clonal coral fragments of the environmentally sensitive Pocillopora damicornis and more environmentally robust Montipora capitata were exposed to fluctuating ambient pH (7.9–7.65) and low pH (7.6–7.35) conditions in common garden tanks for ~6 weeks. M. capitata responded weakly, or acclimated more quickly, to OA, with no difference in calcification, minimal separation of metabolomic profiles, and no change in DNA methylation between treatments. Conversely, P. damicornis exhibited diminished calcification at low pH, stronger separation in metabolomic profiles, and responsiveness of DNA methylation to treatment. Our data suggest corals differ in their temporal dynamics and sensitivity for environmentally triggered real-time epigenetic reprogramming. The generation of potentially heritable plasticity via environmental induction of DNA methylation provides an avenue for assisted evolution applications in corals under rapid climate change.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Supplemental Information: Abrupt episode of mid-Cretaceous ocean acidification triggered by massive volcanism

Supplementary data for Jones et al. (2023) in Nature Geoscience, including all newly measured geochemical data and coding scripts in R and MATLAB for modeling of osmium geochemical time series.