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Fig. 1 in A new brittle star from the early Carboniferous of Poland and its implications on Paleozoic modern-type ophiuroid systematics

Fig. 1. Geographical position of the investigated specimen (map after Salata 2013, with modifications).

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Fig. 3 in A new brittle star from the early Carboniferous of Poland and its implications on Paleozoic modern-type ophiuroid systematics

Fig. 3. Ophiurin brittle star Aganaster jagiellonicus sp. nov. from the upper Tournaisian to lower Visean (lower Carboniferous) Mazurowe Doły Formation, Rudawa Group of Czatkowice quarry, Dębnik Massif, southern Poland; MZUJ T/0282, holotype. Detail of ventral side (A); median arm segments, showing the transition from between-plate tentacle pores to within-plate tentacle pores (B); median arm segments in ventro-lateral view (C); proximal arm segments in dorso-lateral view (D).

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Fig. 1 in Additional evidence for the drilling behavior of Paleozoic gastropods

Fig. 1. Specimens of Arthroacantha carpenteri (Hinde, 1885) with drillholes. Each photograph displays the anal interray, position of the anal vent (single arrowheads), and the location of platyceratid drillholes (double arrowheads); scale bar 1 cm. Note the presence of a reaction rim surrounding the drillhole and underdeveloped spine facets below it. Specimens are deposited at the University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology (UMMP). A. UMMP 73711. B. UMMP 73712.

Fig. 7 in An enigmatic chondrichthyan with Paleozoic affinities from the Lower Triassic of western Canada

Fig. 7. Histology of dermal denticles of Listracanthus pectenatus sp. nov., Lower Triassic, Wapiti Lake, British Columbia. A. Horizontal cross−section (perpendicular to long axis) of specimen UALVP 1889 (section T1). Note the secondarily "remodelled" central areas between the lateral ridges. B. Vertical sections along plane and long axis of a large denticle of specimen UALVP 38562 (sections T1 and T2). Note the large, well−defined cavities in the bases of the denticles in B1, B2 and the solid processes of the posterior border in B3. B4, B5. Vertical cross−sections (as above) of specimen UALVP 38562 (section T4 [B4] and section T6 [B5]) show that the bases of the comb−like processes in the posterior border are only in part secondarily ossified, complex structures with small lateral processes. All arrows point posteriad.

Fig. 5. Type I in An enigmatic chondrichthyan with Paleozoic affinities from the Lower Triassic of western Canada

Fig. 5. Type I−denticles of Listracanthus pectenatus sp. nov., Lower Triassic, Wapiti Lake, British Columbia, showing in situ arrangement (A) and aberrant morphology (B). A. As preserved in specimen TMP 95.114.52. B. Aberrant denticle as preserved in specimen TMP 2001.18.01. B1. General view. B2. Close−up of the mid−portion.

Fig. 4 in An enigmatic chondrichthyan with Paleozoic affinities from the Lower Triassic of western Canada

Fig. 4. Listracanthus pectenatus sp. nov., Lower Triassic, Wapiti Lake, British Columbia. Specimen UALVP 46551 showing morphological details of a large denticle (type I). A. A complete large denticle. Large denticles may vary in length, width and curvature. B. The apex of a large denticle with the fulcral ridges arranged like a "tuft". C. The posterior border as preserved in the same specimen. Note that each straight process possesses a striated shaft (1) and a triangular base (2) lateral to the process (see also thin sections in Fig. 7). D. Detail of postero−basal corner of the posterior border.

Fig. 1 in An enigmatic chondrichthyan with Paleozoic affinities from the Lower Triassic of western Canada

Fig. 1. Overview of the systematically searched "section D" above the Paleozoic–Mesozoic contact on top of the northwestern edge of "T−cirque" near "Fossil Fish Lake" in the Wapiti Lake Provincial Park (see Neuman and Mutter 2005 for details of locality) showing position of the three major fish assemblages. Tentative identifications of the time−sensitive fossils and respective presumed stages left in figure. Summarized occurrence of the major faunal elements right in figure. The denticles occur in very large numbers in the mid−section (denticle symbols). Below and above that part of the section, however, the denticles are found much less frequently.

Fig. 8. A. A in An enigmatic chondrichthyan with Paleozoic affinities from the Lower Triassic of western Canada

Fig. 8. A. A large denticle of Listracanthus hystrix, Upper Carboniferous, Bethel Quarry, Pike County, Indiana, USA. (A1), specimen BMNH P. 62273, with close−ups of the apical tip (A2) and base (A3) of denticles on the same slab. B, C. Small denticles (equivalent "type II" in L. pectenatus sp. nov.) of Listracanthus wardi, Upper Carboniferous, Smallthorne, North Staffs, UK, (associated with large denticles, [equivalent "type I", not shown), specimens BMNH 10005 (B) and BMNH 10004 (C).

Fig. 9 in An enigmatic chondrichthyan with Paleozoic affinities from the Lower Triassic of western Canada

Fig. 9. An artist's view of a possible life restoration of the chondrichthyan Listracanthus with the large type I−denticles restored along the dorsal ridge (Art− work © Ray Troll, 2001).

Fig. 6 in An enigmatic chondrichthyan with Paleozoic affinities from the Lower Triassic of western Canada

Fig. 6. Associated fragment (A) and sketch (B) of a?tooth−like fragment or skeletal fragment preserved on a slab with both types of denticles (not shown) of Listracanthus pectenatus sp. nov., Lower Triassic, Wapiti Lake, British Columbia, in specimen UALVP 38562.

Fig. 2 in An enigmatic chondrichthyan with Paleozoic affinities from the Lower Triassic of western Canada

Fig. 2. Small and large dermal denticles in holotype specimen UALVP 47002, a possible body part of Listracanthus pectenatus sp. nov., Lower Triassic, Wapiti Lake, British Columbia. A. A large number of denticles is irregularly arranged but an unusually high number is clustered to the left. On the right, denticle types I and II are widely spaced, clearly unrelated to each other. B. Three large denticles (type I) as preserved (close−up). C. Small denticles (type II) as preserved, showing variable crown shape (close−up).

Fig. 4 in Unsuccessful predation on Middle Paleozoic plankton: Shell injury and anomalies in Devonian dacryoconarid tentaculites

Fig. 4. The shells of the Recent planktonic gastropod larvae bearing traces of repaired injuries. A. CGU JF819; A1, apical view of cypraeid protoconch with repaired apertural margin; A2, detailed view of specimen A1. B. CGU JF820; B1, detail of view of turrid protoconch; B2, lateral view of turrid protoconch. C. CGU JF821, naticid protoconch with repaired apertural margin. Damaged apertural margins indicated by white arrows. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Unsuccessful predation on Middle Paleozoic plankton: Shell injury and anomalies in Devonian dacryoconarid tentaculites

Fig. 2. The shells of the Early Devonian dacryoconarid tentaculites, with anomalous development of the shell ornament or having repaired injuries. A. The Emsian Homoctenus hanusi Bouček, 1964 (NM L6288) from Daleje−Třebotov Formation, Prague Basin, Holyně locality. Views showing an anomalous development of the shell ornamentation. B. The Pragian Nowakia (Turkestanella) acuaria Richter, 1854 (NM L6291) from Praha Formation, Prague Basin, Bráník locality. Views showing the irregular development of the rings. C. The Emsian Nowakia elegans Barrande, 1867 (CGU PL3970) from the Zlíchov Formation, Prague Basin, Klukovice Locality. Several views demonstrating the damage and the manner of shell repair. All shells illustrated have the same orientation (growth direction is from right to left). Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 1 in Unsuccessful predation on Middle Paleozoic plankton: Shell injury and anomalies in Devonian dacryoconarid tentaculites

Fig. 1. Diagrams illustrating the total generic diversity of the Order Dacryoconarida and their turnover rates (relative origination and extinction rates). The generic diversity (including the both genera and subgenera) is defined as the number of generic taxa ranging through the time unit, plus half of the number of those confined to the unit or ranging beyond the time unit, but originating or ending within it. Relative turnover rates (origination or extinction) is defined as the total number of generic level taxa originating or going extinct within the time unit, divided by the total generic diversity. Analysis is based on data of Alberti (1993, 1997a, b, 1998, 2000) and Sepkoski (2002).

Fig. 3 in Unsuccessful predation on Middle Paleozoic plankton: Shell injury and anomalies in Devonian dacryoconarid tentaculites

Fig. 3. Reconstructions of the Emsian tentaculite Nowakia elegans Barrande, 1867. A. Adult shell having normal development. B. Reconstruction of the shell figured here as Fig. 2C.

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FIG. 1 in Historical insights on nearly 130 years of research on Paleozoic radiolarians

FIG. 1. — Pie chart showing the percentage distribution of 344 Paleozoic genera based on their current taxonomic status: VAL., valid, 208 genera, 60.5%; SYN., junior synonyms, 82 genera, 23.8%; N.D., nomina dubia, 35 genera, 10.2%; N.N., nomina nuda, 2 genera, 0.6%; HOM., homonyms, 7 genera, 2%; Not Rad., not radiolaria, 10 genera, 2.9%.

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FIG. 1 in Paleozoic radiolarian biostratigraphy

FIG. 1. — Four assemblages presently recognized from the Cambrian in stratigraphic order are the: Palaeospiculum, Echidnina runnegari, Subechidnina and Ramuspiculum assemblages.

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FIG. 1 in Paleozoic Bryozoa from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic)

FIG. 1. — Sketch of Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, indicating sampling localities, which are coded as, Ordovician; 1, Matusevich River, loc. 34; 2, Ushakov River, loc. 46; 3, Strojnaya River, loc. 49; 4, Ozernaya River, loc. 1149; 5, Lednikovaya River, loc. 1032. Central October Revolution Island;, Devonian, South-western coast of Pioneer Island, Govorlivaya River, loc. 2369, and loc. 2492. South-West coast of Pioneer Island;, Permian Slabyj Stream, loc. 20369. North- West of Komsomolets Island.

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FIG. 3. — A, B, Halloporina severozemelica n in Paleozoic Bryozoa from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic)

FIG. 3. — A, B, Halloporina severozemelica n. sp.; A, longitudinal section, showing narrow exozone and rare diaphragms in some zooecia at the endozone-exozone boundary, CNIGR Museum, 4c/13009; B, tangential section, CNIGR Museum, 4a/13009, Ozernaya Formation, Middle Ordovician; October Revolution Island, Strojnaya River, loc. 49; C-F, Dyscritella cf. lucida Morozova, 1986; C, F, tangential sections, CNIGR Museum, 9a/13009, and 10a/13009; D, longitudinal section, CNIGR Museum, 7a/13009; E, oblique transverse section, CNIGR Museum, 8a/13009, Zhuravlev Strata, Kungurian-Ufimian, Permian; Komsomolets Island, Slabyj Stream, loc. 20369. Scale bars: A, C-E, 1 mm; B, F, 0.5 mm.