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Fig. 1 in Phytochemical and biological diversity of triterpenoid saponins from family Sapotaceae: A comprehensive review

Fig. 1. Chemical structure of the major triterpenoid aglycones identified in family Sapotaceae, 1: protobassic acid, 38: 16-α-hydroxyprotobassic acid, 81: oleanolic acid, 84: bayogenin.

Fig. 1 in The potential of Apiaceae species as sources of singular phytochemicals and plant-based pesticides

Fig. 1. Type of bioactive coumarins, furanocoumarins and furanochromones found in Apiaceae species showing allelopathic and/or pesticidal activity.

Fig. 2 in The potential of Apiaceae species as sources of singular phytochemicals and plant-based pesticides

Fig. 2. Examples of volatile bioactive phenylpropene-derivatives and their occurrence in Apiaceae species: (A) allylbenzenes and (B) propenylbenzenes (Sources: Duke, 1992; Baser et al., 2007).

Fig. 4 in Phytochemical profiling of several Hypericum species identified using genetic markers

Fig. 4. PCA (A) and HCA (B) analyses of 13 metabolites quantified in the extracts of shoots of ex vitro grown Hypericum plants. The PCA biplot (A) shows grouping of the species (points), and the contribution (loadings) of the variables (metabolites, indicated by the arrows) to the grouping. Each species is represented by three biological replicates (three points per species). The points are colored according to their quality of representation on the factor map, expressed by squared cosine (cos2). The direction and length of the loading vectors show how each metabolite contributes to clustering. An ellipse is drawn around each cluster. The species are clustered according to the branches as depicted at HCA dendrogram (B). Each square in the heatmap dendrogram represents the relative content of a metabolite. The red and blue color represent an increase and a decrease of relative metabolite content, respectively. Different color of metabolites (PCA) or lines under the heatmap (HCA) indicate the metabolite contents in leaves (green) and stems (brown). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in Phytochemical profiling of several Hypericum species identified using genetic markers

Fig. 3. PCA (A) and HCA (B) analyses of 13 metabolites quantified in the extracts of shoots of in vitro-grown Hypericum plants. The PCA biplot (A) shows grouping of the species (points), and the contribution (loadings) of the variables (metabolites, indicated by the arrows) to the grouping. Each species is represented by three biological replicates (three points per species). The points are colored according to their quality of representation on the factor map, expressed by squared cosine (cos2). The direction and length of the loading vectors show how each metabolite contributes to clustering. An ellipse is drawn around each cluster. The species are clustered according to the branches as depicted at HCA dendrogram (B). Each square in the heatmap dendrogram represents the relative content of a metabolite. The red and blue color represent an increase and a decrease of relative metabolite content, respectively. Different color of metabolites (PCA) or lines under the heatmap (HCA) indicate the metabolite contents in leaves (green) and stems (brown). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Phytochemical profiling of several Hypericum species identified using genetic markers

Fig. 2. Metaphase chromosomes in root tip squashes of several representatives of the genus Hypericum arranged in ascending order from the lowest to the highest value of the DNA content per chromosome: H. xylosteifolium, 2n =40 (A), H. androsaemum, 2n =40 (B), H. hircinum, 2n =40 (C), H. athoum, 2n =16 (D), H. empetrifolium, 2n =18 (E), H. atomarium, 2n =16 (F), H. monogynum, 2n =42 (G), H. stellatum, 2n =18, 20 (H), H. patulum, 2n =36 (I). Photo: S. Hovancov´a.

Fig. 3 in The potential of Apiaceae species as sources of singular phytochemicals and plant-based pesticides

Fig. 3. Examples of naturally occurring volatile phthalides from Apiaceae that have been found to exhibit relevant activity against several species.

opennotspecifiedApr 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in Euphorbia helioscopia L.: A phytochemical and pharmacological overview

Fig. 1. The aerial part (a), as well as an illustration (b) of E. helioscopia (A, habit; B, cyathium (Nath s. n., RAW); C, fruit; D, seed (Abedin & Husain 6098, KUH) (www.efloras.org/Flora of Pakistan/Euphorbia helioscopia; eFloras, 2008).

Fig. 4 in Association analysis and molecular tagging of phytochemicals in the endangered medicinal plant licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)

Fig. 4. Principal component analysis (PCA) for the variable traits in the 59 Glycyrrhiza glabra localizations used in the study. Dimension1, Dim1; Dimension2, Dim2; Contribution, Contrib.

Fig. 2. Sampling sites for the 59 in Association analysis and molecular tagging of phytochemicals in the endangered medicinal plant licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)

Fig. 2. Sampling sites for the 59 localizations of Glycyrrhiza glabra, collected in the 21 provinces of Iran and used in the study. Each localization (L1, L2, etc.) included 2–3 different individuals, separated 50–100 m among them. Detailed descriptions for each localization are included in Supplementary Table 4. The black line separates provinces from North-Western and Eastern/Southern Iran.

Fig. 3 in Association analysis and molecular tagging of phytochemicals in the endangered medicinal plant licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)

Fig. 3. AFLP dendrogram (UPGMA) for the 170 individual Glycyrrhiza glabra plants sampled in 59 localizations and used in the study. Individuals where subpopulations A and B were predominant are depicted in green and red, respectively. Individuals (identified by numbers) are grouped in localizations (identified by L1, L2, etc., and also by the corresponding codes). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1. Structure analysis, determined using 15 in Association analysis and molecular tagging of phytochemicals in the endangered medicinal plant licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)

Fig. 1. Structure analysis, determined using 15 AFLP primer combinations and the STRUCTURE software, of the 170 individual Glycyrrhiza glabra plants sampled in 59 localizations. Sub-populations A and B are represented in green and red color, respectively. Individuals (identified by numbers) are grouped in localizations (identified by L1, L2, etc., and also by the corresponding codes). See Supplementary Table 4 for information on the different localizations. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedSep 2020View details →

Fig. 2 in UPLC-MS/MS-based molecular networking and NMR structural determination for the untargeted phytochemical characterization of the fruit of Crescentia cujete (Bignoniaceae)

Fig. 2. (A) Molecular network of the molecular family of flavonoid glycosides and phenylethanoid extracted from the MN of the fruit extract of Crescentia cujete. (B) Proposed fragmentation pathway observed in the MS/MS spectrum naringin (33).

opennotspecifiedSep 2020View details →

Fig. 1 in UPLC-MS/MS-based molecular networking and NMR structural determination for the untargeted phytochemical characterization of the fruit of Crescentia cujete (Bignoniaceae)

Fig. 1. UPLC-MS/MS based molecular networking in negative ionization mode of the fruit extract of Crescentia cujete. AG: alkyl glycosides, BC: benzoyl and cinnamoyl derivatives, FG1-3: flavonoid glucosides, PE: phenylethanoid derivatives, IG1-2: iridoids glycosides. Node text indicates the parent ion, node color shows the chemical group (green: n-alkyl sugars, sky blue: benzoyl derivatives, dark blue: cinnamoyl derivatives, red: flavonoids glycosides, purple: phenylpropanoids derivatives, and gold: iridoid glycosides). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedSep 2020View details →

Fig. 3 in UPLC-MS/MS-based molecular networking and NMR structural determination for the untargeted phytochemical characterization of the fruit of Crescentia cujete (Bignoniaceae)

Fig. 3. Chemical structures of iridoid glycosides (11-14, 21 and 24) isolated from the fruit of Crescentia cujete.

Fig. 2 in Efficiency of RAPD, ISSR, iPBS, SCoT and phytochemical markers in the genetic relationship study of five native and economical important bamboos of North-East India

Fig. 2. Mantel test showing significant correlation between different markers: (A) ISSR vs RAPD, (B) ISSR vs iPBS, (c) RAPD vs iPBS, (D) ISSR vs SCoT, (E) RAPD vs SCoT, (F) SCoT vs iPBS.

Fig. 5 in Efficiency of RAPD, ISSR, iPBS, SCoT and phytochemical markers in the genetic relationship study of five native and economical important bamboos of North-East India

Fig. 5. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot of 50 bamboo genotypes belonging to 5 bamboo species based on RAPD, ISSR, SCoT and iPBS combined data.

Fig. 7 in Efficiency of RAPD, ISSR, iPBS, SCoT and phytochemical markers in the genetic relationship study of five native and economical important bamboos of North-East India

Fig. 7. Bi-plot PCA (Principal Component Analysis) of the 20 genotypes of 5 bamboo species generated from 5 biochemical parameters.

Fig. 3 in Efficiency of RAPD, ISSR, iPBS, SCoT and phytochemical markers in the genetic relationship study of five native and economical important bamboos of North-East India

Fig. 3. UPGMA dendrograms based on Nei's unbiased measures of genetic distance among 50 genotypes of 5 bamboo species: (A) RAPD based UPGMA dendrogram, (B) ISSR based UPGMA dendrogram, (C) iPBS based UPGMA dendrogram, (D) SCoT based UPGMA dendrogram.

Fig. 6 in Efficiency of RAPD, ISSR, iPBS, SCoT and phytochemical markers in the genetic relationship study of five native and economical important bamboos of North-East India

Fig. 6. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) Dendrogram based on chemical data representing 20 genotypes of 5 different bamboo species.