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22,710 results for “Plant”
Data and code for: Rachel A Reeb, J Mason Heberling, & Sara E Kuebbing (2024). Cross-continental comparison of plant reproductive phenology shows high intraspecific variation in temperature sensitivity. AoB PLANTS, plae058
<p>Data and Analysis Code for: </p> <p>Rachel A Reeb, J Mason Heberling, Sara E Kuebbing (2024). Cross-continental comparison of plant reproductive phenology shows high intraspecific variation in temperature sensitivity. <em>AoB PLANTS</em>, plae058. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae058">https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plae058</a></p> <p>Includes two R markdown files ("climate_data_extraction_code.rmd" is the script for data extraction and cleaning and "Data_Analysis_V2.rmd" is the analysis script), the associated datasets (in .csv format), and the metadata file ("readme.txt").</p>
Vegetation survey (BACI and Paired-plots) from arid central Australia for impacts of buffel grass on resident native plant communities
<p>The data set accompanies the accepted paper in Ecosphere. The data set includes two experimental appraoches to assess the spread and impacts of buffel grass, Cenchrus cilairis, in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands of arid central Australia: a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) experiment over 25 years at 15 sites (surveyed in 1994-95 and 2018-19), and a spatially paired-plot (randomised-block) experiment at 18 sites (surveyed in 2018-19). Both experiments spanned two geographic regions (~ 300 km apart) and multiple vegetation communities amongst flat plains and rocky hills landforms. Each experimental design has a plant species data set, and a data set that includes site variables and summed relative cover of plant functional groups. Data collection methodology is described in the accompanying paper, and summarised here.</p> <p>Each site was one hectare in size. The ecological data was collected in accordance with standard biological survey methods in South Australia (Heard and Channon 1997), including recording of plant species and cover abundance, life form, height class and habitat variables including percent bare earth, litter, rock/strew and soil type (clay percent). Fire history for the previous 25 years was also available from fire scar mapping. Species cover-abundance was estimated in the field using a modified Braun-Blanquet scale and later converted to a raw continuous variable based on the mid-point of the cover class: 1% (1-10 plants, <5% cover); 2% (sparsely present, <5% cover; 3% (plentiful but <5% cover); 15% (5 to 25% cover class); 37% (25 to 50% cover class); 63% (50 to 75% cover class). Buffel grass was recorded on the same scale. Plant species were vouchered and identification checked post-field by the South Australian Hebarium. Plant taxonomy reflects current names (as of 2015) in the Biological Databases of South Australia and taxonomy was aligned between the 1990s and 2020s decades. Recently some species have been split into multiple species (e.g. <em>Acacia aneura</em>, Mulga) but this latest taxonomy was not adopted to retain taxonomic alignment within the dataset. The raw mid-point percent cover was converted to relative percent cover by dividing each species’ (or groups’) raw cover by the summed cover of all species at that site (including buffel grass + understorey + overstorey species). Classification of plants into functional groups was based on field assessed (1) height class + (2) life form, and literature-derived (3) life strategy (perennial or annual) + (4) Native status to South Australia. Height classes were grouped into overstorey (>1m in height) and understorey (≤1m). Summed relative cover for each functional group per site is included in the site and cover data sets to facilitate modelling of cover with site variables. The plant species data sets is the full list of species and cover abundance recorded at each site which can be used for analysis of community composition, diversity, turnover or individual species change. Sensitive species (one species in this dataset) has had the coordinates denatured by 10km due according to the requirements of the Biological Database of South Australia for sensitive species. All coordinates provided in MGA 52 Eastings and Northings (UTM, Australian National Grid). </p> <p>The authors wish to acknowledge Traditional Owners and Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands Organisation who gave permission for collaboration, data collection, photographs and reporting on and about their Traditional Lands. Data is jointly the Intellectual Property of Aṉangu as the Traditional Owners and the author team, and approval has been granted for research and publication use with appropriate acknowledgment of Aṉangu and the author team. The 1990s baseline data is also the Intellectual Property of the South Australian Government and is made publicly available under a licencing agreement with the Biological Databases of South Australia (licence number 2412). Many people assisted in the field during the 1990s and 2020s vegetation surveys and are wholly acknowledged. APY Land Management, Alinytjara Wilurara Landscape Board, Central Land Council, Ten Deserts Project, Charles Darwin University, South Australian Department for Environment and Water, State Herbarium of South Australia, Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment, Jill Landsberg Trust and Ecological Society of Australia all provided either funding and/or in-kind support of the project. Study conducted with APY Executive Board approval, South Australian Scientific Permit Q26782 and Northern Territory Wildlife Permit 63104. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
City of Seattle, Seattle Public Utilities, Delta Plant Communities 1988-2007, Cedar River Municipal Watershed, King County, WA
Seattle Public Utilities manages the Cedar River Municipal Watershed and reservoir, Chester Morse Lake, to provide drinking water for 1.6 million residents in the greater Seattle area. The Cedar and Rex rivers are the two largest tributaries to Chester Morse Lake and flow over broad, low-gradient deltas. The deltas have mostly fine sediments, sinuous low-flow channels, and an extensive wetland complex with aquatic, herbaceous, shrub, and forest components. Delta plant communities were mapped in 1988, 1996, and 2007 using aerial photography. Plant communities were ground-truthed and boundaries and classification of polygons were corrected where errors were evident. Plant communities were classified into major structural classes, including herbaceous, shrub, deciduous forest, mixed deciduous/conifer forest, and conifer forest. A system of permanent plots was established on the Cedar and Rex river deltas and measured in 1988, 1996, and 2007. Transects comprised of sample plots every 25 meters were surveyed for herbaceous and shrub cover. An additional transect was established in the floodplain of the Cedar River through mixed deciduous and conifer forest to measure tree diameter at breast height and species. This package is complete, and the data were analyzed to evaluate the potential for future adverse impacts to delta plant communities resulting from changes to the reservoir operating regime.
LTREB: Aboveground biomass, plant density, annual aboveground productivity, plant heights and snail observations in control and fertilized plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC: 1984-2025
Aboveground biomass and plant density were measured non-destructively as a component of a long-term project seeking to understand how salt marsh primary production and sediment chemistry respond to anthropogenic (e.g. eutrophication) and natural (e.g. sea-level rise) environmental change. Feedbacks between plants, sediments, nutrients and flooding were investigated with particular attention to mechanisms that keep marshes in equilibrium with sea level. Biomass was calculated from plant height measurements using allometric equations. Annual productivity was calculated from approximately-monthly biomass estimates. In addition to plant height measurements, observations of snails in sample plots were recorded. Other data collected as part of the project include marsh surface elevation and porewater nutrient concentrations. These data have been used to develop the Marsh Equilibrium Model, an important tool for coastal resource managers. Sampling occurred at Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh sites in North Inlet, a relatively pristine estuary near Georgetown, SC on the SE coast of the United States. North Inlet is a tidally-dominated, bar-built estuary, with a semi-diurnal mixed tide and a tidal range of 1.4m. The 25-km2 estuary is comprised of about 20.5 km2 of intertidal salt marsh and mudflats, and 4.5 km2 of open water. Sampling began at one location in 1984, and at three additional locations in 1986. Sampling occurred approximately monthly through 2025. The study is on-going. There are four sampling locations at two sites. Two locations are in the low marsh; two locations are in the high marsh. One high marsh location had control sampling plots in addition to plots fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus.
Within-plant coexistence of viruses across nitrogen and phosphorus supply rates
Most species can be coinfected by multiple pathogens that may interact through shared resources (i.e., resource competition) or the host immune system (i.e., apparent competition). Community theory developed for free-living organisms suggests that coinfecting pathogens can persist if they satisfy the mutual invasion criterion of coexistence, establishing infections in hosts that are already infected. Furthermore, the likelihood of coexistence may depend on host nutrition which can affect shared resources and host immunity. Here we apply the novel approach of combining a dynamical model and experimental mutual invasibility trials to explore the effects of host nutrient supply on the coexistence of two viral plant pathogens. We focus on among-pathogen interactions mediated by shared resources. First, we used a model to generate hypotheses about how nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply rates affect the ability of two plant viruses to invade established infections of the other virus. Then, we experimentally manipulated the N and P supplied to oats (Avena sativa) in a growth chamber experiment and tested mutual invasion of two RNA viral pathogens, BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV. Nutrient supplies ranged from rates that barely kept hosts alive up to high, but sub-toxic, rates. Model simulations suggested that the viruses were more likely to invade established infections either when they could replicate at lower N and P concentrations or when plant N and P concentrations increased due to a combination of nutrient supply rates and resident virus nutrient use. In the experiment, each virus successfully invaded hosts infected by the other and had consistent growth rates across N and P supply rates. Our results suggest that BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV can coexist across a wide range environmental nutrient supply, which is consistent with the high levels of co-occurrence of these two viruses in field populations.
Data in support of 'Mechanistic insights into plant community responses to environmental variables: genome size, cellular nutrient investments, and metabolic trade-offs.'
Data was collected to examine whether and how the plant genome size (GS) influences traits (stomata size, stomata density, cellular and tissue level carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents) and metabolic-tradeoffs (of photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, water-use, efficiency) of plants in treatment plots in which nothing, N, P, or NP had been annually added. Data was collected from ~500 plants from seven grassland sites that are all part of the Nutrient Network (https://nutnet.org), a globally distributed experiment in which plots have different nutrient amendment treatments that are administered identically to allow cross-site comparisons of the effects of nutrients on biodiversity patterning. The sites chosen varied along a North-South latitude, longitude, mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient.
Root fungi isolated from common Louisiana marsh plants 2017-18.
Nearly all plants are colonized by fungal endophytes, and a growing body of work shows that both environment and host species shape plant-associated fungal communities. However, few studies place their work in a phylogenetic context to understand endophyte community assembly through an evolutionary lens. Here we collected data to investigate environmental and host effects on root endophyte assemblages in coastal Louisiana marshes. We isolated and sequenced culturable fungal endophytes from roots of three-four dominant plant species from each of three sites of varying salinity. We provide data on abundance and taxonomy of the isolated fungal taxa as well as phylogenetic diversity (mean phylogenetic distance, MPD) and phylogenetic composition (based on MPD).
Species cover, community biomass, and richness in global grasslands from NutNet (2007–2023): Dominant species predict plant richness and biomass in global grasslands
The Nutrient Network (NutNet) is a globally coordinated research initiative designed to investigate the impacts of human-driven alterations in nutrient availability and consumer presence on grassland ecosystems. Data were collected from over 130 herbaceous-dominated sites worldwide, spanning diverse environmental conditions from desert grasslands to arctic tundra. Standardized methodologies were employed across all sites to enable direct comparisons of productivity, diversity, and ecosystem responses. Experimental treatments included nutrient additions to assess co-limitation of plant growth by multiple nutrients, as well as grazer manipulations to examine their role in regulating biomass, species diversity, and community composition. By compiling these cross-site data, NutNet aims to enhance our understanding of productivity-diversity relationships and provide new insights into the ecological consequences of anthropogenic changes to nutrient cycles and food webs at a global scale.
Species richness of vascular plants and bryophytes in nine grassland sites (Europe and California collected in 2013-2016)
We sampled vascular plants (VP) and bryophytes (non-vascular plant; NVP) 1×1 m experimental plots in nine sites belonging to the Nutrient Network. Three sites were in California, two in Finland and UK and one in Germany and Switzerland. The data were collected to compare the responses of NVPs and VPs to nutrient addition and grazing exclusion treatments. The NVP and VP cover sampling was conducted in March-August 2016, except for heron.uk and rook.uk, which had been sampled for VPs in 2013. NVPs were mostly identified to species, but in absence of necessary diagnostic characters (capsules, other reproductive organs, distinctive gametophytic features), some specimens were identified at morphospecies group, subgenus, or genus level. We calculated three plant diversity indices for NVPs, VPs and total (NVPs and VPs combined) in each plot. First, species richness (S) is the number of species per 1 m2 for NVPs and VPs. For plots having no NVPs, NVP richness is zero. Second, for plots having at least one NVP, we calculated Inverse Simpson’s index of diversity (referred to as species diversity), which is equivalent to the Probability of Interspecific Encounter or Effective Number of Species (ENSPIE). Third, we calculated Simpson’s evenness (E = ENSPIE/S; referred to as evenness), which was expected to reflect changes in species’ dominance. We also sampled aboveground plant biomass at peak biomass of vascular plants (in May- August, depending on local site level characteristics) by clipping at ground level and removing all aboveground vegetation (live and dead) from two 0.1 × 1 m strips, sorting the current year’s VP and NVP biomass from the previous year’s biomass (dead litter), drying the biomass to a constant mass at 60 °C, and weighing it to the nearest 0.01 g. Except for two sites (heron.uk and rook.uk), we also measured photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the ground surface and above grassland canopy at time of peak biomass and calculated the proportion of tra
Leaf digestibility under rainfall manipulated treatments in the C3 and C4 plant communities (South Dakota, 2020-2022)
The leaf samples were collected from a randomized block two-factor split plot experiment with two precipitation-manipulation treatments (small size frequent events, and large size infrequent events, with constant total size) and two aboveground plant communities (C3 and C4 grasses) with five replications in western South Dakota, USA. The dominated C3 grass is western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love], and the dominated C4 grasses are buffalograss [Bouteoula dactyloides (Nutt.) J.T. Columbus] and blue gramma [Bouteoula gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths]. The samples was collected within sampling quadrat by hand at the end of each month from May to September, 2020-2022, then dried immediately at 80˚C for 7 days. Dried samples were grinded into <1mm by bead beater. We used the sequential fiber analysis protocol (ANKOM Technology) and an ANKOM fiber analyzer to measure and calculate the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), the acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) of the grinded leaf samples. The final data contained both concentration and content of different fibers in the leaf samples.
Plant and carbon data, snowmelt manipulation experiment, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (RMBL), 2023
These data are from a 2023 snowmelt manipulation experiment in Vera Meadow at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory. We experimentally advanced the snowmelt date in a montane meadow by approximately 12 days using black shade cloths and assessed the effect on plant and carbon dynamics. We measured net ecosystem exchange, gross primary productivity, and soil respiration using a Li-COR 7500 five times biweekly from June to August, plant community composition using the pin-drop method five times biweekly from June to August, and root biomass nine times using bulk soil cores. Using drone imagery, we measured the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This data package is completed.
Tongariro National Park, New Zealand, plant and carbon data, 2023-2024
These data were collected during the 2023-2024 growing season from the Warming and Removal in Mountains (WaRM) Experiment in Tongariro National Park, New Zealand, which was established in 2015. Passive warming was done with open-top chambers, and the invasive dominant species Calluna vulgaris was removed in a factorial design. Two additional treatments were established in 2022: native removal plots with Dracophyllum subulatum removal and uninvaded plots without C. vulgaris. We measured plant biomass, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and carbon fluxes (net ecosystem exchange, gross primary productivity, and ecosystem respiration), using a LI-7500, at three times across the growing season (November, January, and March). The average leaf thickness of each plot was also measured in January. Air temperature, soil moisture, and surface temperature were also included from the 2023-2024 growing season from TMS-4 probes.
The Biomass and Plant Functional Traits of Leymus chinensis Affected by Genotypic Diversity and Soil Nitrogen Addition through a Two-year Experiment, Tianjin, China, 2021-2023
In order to investigate the effects of soil nitrogen addition on the genotypic diversity of Leymus chinensis, 12 genotypes of Leymus chinensis were used as plant material and a two-factor experimental design was carried out in this study. Factor one was genotypic diversity of L. chinensis, including three levels: mono-genotype (G1), three genotypes (G3), and six genotypes (G6). Factor two was the soil nitrogen addition level, which included four levels: no nitrogen addition (N0), 2.5 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N2.5), 5 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N5), and 10 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N10). Each treatment had 12 combinations as replicates, and 12 genotypes of L. chinensis were used. The frequency of each genotype was standardized across all treatment levels of genotypic diversity × soil nitrogen addition. The experiment commenced in September 2021 and soil nitrogen was applied every 2 months. Plants were cultivated in the experimental field at Nankai University, but were moved to a greenhouse for overwintering from November to February each year. During the experiment, there were no stresses or disturbances such as shading, drought, or insect feeding; weeds were regularly removed.
Plant community data at water sources, Mpala Research Centre, Kenya (2015-2017)
Data package contains four datasets of plant measurements taken at Mpala Research Centre, Laikipia County, Kenya from November 2015-September 2017. Additional code for data analysis is also provided as part of the publication `The effects of herbivore aggregations at water sources on savanna plants differ across soil and climate gradients`.
Multi-year census of arthropod abundance on the plant Ligusticum porteri near Gothic, CO
The purpose of this study was to track year-to-year variation in aphid abundance on the host plant Ligusticum porteri (Apiaceae). We censused arthropod abundance on the flowering stalks of L. porteri weekly in June-August from 2012 to 2022. The censuses took place in ten L. porteri populations near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Gothic, CO. While the same populations were used across years, we randomly selected ten flowering plants in each population in each year (N = 100 plants per year). Observations focused on colonization by the aphid Aphis asclepiadis, its mutualist ants, and natural enemies. When found, we counted other arthropods as well, identifying them to Family or Order in the field. We also counted the number of host plant flowering stalks and inflorescences (umbel). In 2016, we began tracking flowering phenology using a numerical score (0-8). To track senescence, we used a qualitative score (TB=turning brown and AB=all brown) for terminal and primary umbels.
Multi-year census of arthropod abundance on the plant Ligusticum porteri near Crested Butte, CO
The purpose of this study was to track year-to-year variation in aphid abundance on the host plant Ligusticum porteri (Apiaceae). We censused arthropod abundance on the flowering stalks of L. porteri weekly in June-August from 2017 to 2022. The censuses took place in ten L. porteri populations near Crested Butte, CO. The sites were by Brush Creek, Lake Irwin, and Washington Gulch. While the same populations were used across years, we randomly selected ten flowering plants in each population in each year (N = 100 plants per year). Observations focused on colonization by the aphid Aphis asclepiadis, its mutualist ants, and natural enemies. When found, we counted other arthropods as well, identifying them to Family or Order in the field. We also counted the number of host plant flowering stalks and inflorescences (umbel). We tracked flowering phenology using a numerical score (0-8). To track senescence, we used a qualitative score (TB=turning brown and AB=all brown) for terminal and primary umbels.
Plant succession and biomass dynamics following logging and burning in Watersheds 1 and 3, Andrews Experimental Forest, 1962 to Present
Watersheds 1 and 3 in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest have a long history of hydrologic, geomorphic, and ecological study. Long-term successional studies in the two watersheds are unprecedented in their scope and duration (1962 to present), spanning more than 50 years of post-logging measurements. To date, studies have focused on understory responses to logging and burning, early stand developmental processes (tree growth and mortality), and understory responses to canopy closure. Understory sampling was initiated in 1962, prior to harvest, and includes approximately 190, 2 x 2 m permanent understory plots. Measurements include estimates of ground-surface conditions and abundance (cover and biomass) of herbaceous, shrub, and tree species. After broadcast burning (1963 in WS3, 1966 in WS1) plots were sampled annually through 1972/1973, but less frequently thereafter (every 2-6 years). Studies of early stand development were initiated in 1979/1980, with sample plots collocated with the understory plots. In each of approximately 190, 250 m2 tree plots, all conifer and hardwood stems greater than or equal to 1.4 m tall are tagged, measured for diameter, and assessed for status (live or dead, including the cause of mortality). Both watersheds experienced recent snow-related windthrow (2019, 2020) and parts of WS1 burned in 2020 during the Holiday Farm Fire, adding complexity to the structure and composition of the understory and overstory communities.
Plant Pollinator data at HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 2011 to 2021
Despite the importance of plant-pollinator interactions for ecological communities, few long-term observational studies have been conducted of plant-pollinator networks. This study involves the annual collection of plant-pollinator interaction data from up to 18 meadows in the Willamette National Forest, Oregon, including 12 meadows in the HJ Andrews Forest. This study addresses how meadow size, the amount of nearby meadow habitat, weather, degree days, and soil moisture are related to the flowering of meadow plants and the frequency of plant-pollinator interactions.
Above ground plant and below ground stem biomass of samples from the unburned control site near the Anaktuvuk River fire scar.
Above ground plant and below ground stem biomass were measured in 2011 from three sites at and around the Anaktuvuk River Burn: severely burned, moderately burned and unburned. These samples were analyzed for carbon and nitrogen concentrations.
Above ground plant and below ground stem biomass of samples from the severely burned site of the Anaktuvuk River fire, Alaska
Above ground plant and below ground stem biomass were measured in 2011 from three sites at and around the Anaktuvuk River Burn: severely burned, moderately burned and unburned. These samples were analyzed for carbon and nitrogen concentrations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.