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1,695 results for “Pleistocene”
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram showing stratigraphic correlations between trenches. Layers I in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram showing stratigraphic correlations between trenches. Layers I–III are labelled in bold. Identifiable cultural horizons (units 1a, 2a and 2c) are shown (stippled), as well as dated hearths (plano-convex features), 14C determinations (hatched rectangles), luminescence dates (open rectangles) and the maximum depth of late Holocene artefacts in each trench (T tula adzes; B backed artefacts/geometric microliths). Grid lines show depth (cm) below site datum. Horizontal stippled lines at 120 cm depth in N5/ N6 and in the Main Trench show the position of a silty band identified in grain-size analyses.
FIG. 1 in Biochronology and palaeoenvironmental changes from the Middle Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene in Central Italy
FIG. 1. — Distribution, first occurrences and last occurrences of the main macromammals on the Italian peninsula. Selected large mammals numbers: 1, Anancus arvernensis; 2, Tapirus arvernensis; 3, Sus minor; 4, Mammut borsoni; 5, Stephanorhinus jeanvireti; 6, Leptobos stenometopon; 7, Axis lyra; 8, Ursus minimus; 9, Acinonyx pardinensis; 10, Homotherium latidens; 11, Chasmaportetes lunensis; 12, Lynx ex gr. issiodorensis; 13, Megantereon cultridens; 14, Mammuthus gromovi; 15, Stephanorhinus etruscus; 16, Equus livenzovensis; 17, Gazella borbonica; 18, Nyctereutes megamastoides; 19, Croizetoceros ramosus; 20, Eucladoceros falconeri; 21, Pliocrocuta perrieri; 22, Mammuthus meridionalis meridionalis; 23, Equus stenonis; 24, Leptobos merlai-furtivus; 25, Macaca sylvanus; 26, Gazellospira torticornis; 27, Gallogoral meneghinii; 28, Canis etruscus; 29, Sus strozzii; 30, Vulpes alo-
Figure 2 in Forest monkeys and Pleistocene refugia: a phylogeographic window onto the disjunct distribution of the Chlorocebus lhoesti species group
Figure 2. All possible patterns of relationships among the lhoesti group species. A, topology consistent with a vicariant scenario in which the distribution of a widespread common ancestor fragments into three segments – nearly simultaneously – as the result of habitat deterioration associated with a Pleistocene glacial cycle. B, topology consistent with an alternative vicariant scenario, in which ancestral populations of Chlorocebus preussi and Chlorocebus solatus remain in contact for a short time after the divergence of Chlorocebus lhoesti, because the former two stocks range within the same Pleistocene refuge. C, tree consistent with a dispersal hypothesis in which early C. preussi populations (following divergence from C. solatus) migrate along the northern rim of the Congo Basin, and found a new lineage (C. lhoesti) in the Albertine region (see Fig. 1). D, tree consistent with a dispersal hypothesis in which early C. solatus populations (following divergence from C. preussi) conduct a similar transcontinental migration, but along the southern rim of the Congo Basin (see Fig. 1).
Figure 7 in Taxonomy and sexual dimorphism of a new species of Loxoconcha (Podocopida: Ostracoda) from the Pleistocene of the Japan Sea
Figure 7. Recent geographical occurrences of Loxocorniculum mutsuense Ishizaki, 1971, based on data from previous studies.
Figure 3 in Taxonomy and sexual dimorphism of a new species of Loxoconcha (Podocopida: Ostracoda) from the Pleistocene of the Japan Sea
Figure 3. Distributional pattern of pore systems in adult left valve of Loxoconcha kamiyai sp. nov. Position of one missing pore system of this species is determined by comparison with the distributional pattern of pore systems of Loxocorniculum mutsuense Ishizaki, 1971 (Ishii et al., 2005).
Figure 5 in Taxonomy and sexual dimorphism of a new species of Loxoconcha (Podocopida: Ostracoda) from the Pleistocene of the Japan Sea
Figure 5. Results of DDP analysis for 17 loxoconchid species and Loxoconcha kamiyai sp. nov., modified from Ishii et al. (2005). Numbers indicate total numbers of pore systems for each lineage and stage. Trees drawn by hand.
Figure 4 in Taxonomy and sexual dimorphism of a new species of Loxoconcha (Podocopida: Ostracoda) from the Pleistocene of the Japan Sea
Figure 4. Patterns of normal pore systems below the eye tubercle by PBE analysis of Ishii et al. (2005) for the adult left valve of Loxoconcha kamiyai sp. nov., based on Figure 3. Pore systems with italic letters (v–z) are the same as those of Ishii et al. (2005), respectively. etb: eye tubercle.
Figure 1 in Taxonomy and sexual dimorphism of a new species of Loxoconcha (Podocopida: Ostracoda) from the Pleistocene of the Japan Sea
Figure 1. Geographical and geological occurrences of Loxoconcha kamiyai sp. nov. based on original data, except for data from the Omma Formation cited from Ozawa (1996). Fm: Formation.
Figure 9 in Taxonomy and sexual dimorphism of a new species of Loxoconcha (Podocopida: Ostracoda) from the Pleistocene of the Japan Sea
Figure 9. Comparison of lateral view (adult female, A-1 juvenile, adult male) for right valve of Loxocorniculum mutsuense Ishizaki, 1971. A, external lateral view. B, internal lateral view. C, close-up view of anterior hingement element. Upper row: adult female; middle row: A-1 juvenile; lower row: adult male. All specimens from the early Pleistocene Kaidate Formation, central Japan.
Figure 8 in Taxonomy and sexual dimorphism of a new species of Loxoconcha (Podocopida: Ostracoda) from the Pleistocene of the Japan Sea
Figure 8. Comparison of lateral view (adult female, A-1 juvenile, adult male) of inner right valve of Loxoconcha kamiyai sp. nov. A, lateral view from inside. B, close-up view of anterior hingement element. C, sketch of anterior hingement element (= B). Upper row: adult female; middle row: A-1 juvenile; lower row: adult male. All specimens from the early Pleistocene Kaidate Formation, central Japan.
F I G U R E 4 in Phylogeography of Solomon Islands blossom bats reflects oceanic divides and Pleistocene connections
F I G U R E 4 (a) Phylogenetic tree of Tribe Melonycterini blossom bats produced using the quartet-based method implemented in SVDǪUARTETS, and (b) phylogenetic network of Nesonycteris blossom bats created using SPLITSTREE.
F I G U R E 2 in Phylogeography of Solomon Islands blossom bats reflects oceanic divides and Pleistocene connections
F I G U R E 2 Phylogeographic relationships among Melonycterini blossom bats (a) the Solomon Islands archipelago with bathymetric depths less than 120 m (ETOPO1, Amante & Eakins, 2009) shaded in dark grey to indicate possible land bridge connections during the Last Glacial Maximum. Islands shaded in colour represent those sampled for this study, samples were unavailable for islands shaded in light grey (EPSG: 4326–WGS 84). (b) Phylogenetic tree made using maximum likelihood methods in RAXML depicting relationships among all Nesonycteris and Melonycteris samples. Values indicate maximum likelihood bootstrap support and black circles on nodes denote values = 100. (c) Representation of the taxonomic treatment of Nesonycteris prior to this study comprising two species; (d) Alternate taxonomic treatment of Nesonycteris from the results of this study comprising four species (N. far = N. fardoulisi, N. mac = N. maccoyi); The results of STRUCTURE analyses for various datasets are presented as (e) Dataset 1, a single run, k = 4; (f) Dataset 2, a single run, k = 2; (g) Dataset 3, a single run, k = 3; and (h) Dataset 4 (five runs R1–R5, k = 4). In STRUCTURE results (e–h), each bar indicates the probability of assignment to different genetic clusters.
F I G U R E 3 in Phylogeography of Solomon Islands blossom bats reflects oceanic divides and Pleistocene connections
F I G U R E 3 Pairwise Nei's genetic distances for Melonycteris and Nesonycteris blossom bats from the Solomon Islands and Bismarck archipelagos. Nei's genetic distance was calculated using the R package StAMPP. Values surrounded by a yellow or green rectangle are pairwise distances between samples from New Georgia group islands, and Greater Bukida islands, respectively.
Temporal dynamics of invertebrate community assembly in Lake Victoria since the Late Pleistocene based on chitinous remains
<p>Preserved assemblages of invertebrate remains in lacustrine sediment reveal temporal variations of community composition and environmental conditions. However, records for large tropical lakes are scarce. Lake Victoria, the largest tropical lake, has a dynamic history of changes in water level, biogeochemistry, and fish community composition over the past ~17,000 cal yr BP. In order to quantify changes in the invertebrate assemblage of Lake Victoria from the Late Pleistocene throughout the Holocene, we examined chitinous remains of Cladocera and larval dipterans (Chironomidae and Chaoboridae) from a sediment core (37 m water depth) dated from ~13,700 cal yr BP to present. We identified four major phases in the invertebrate assemblage throughout this period of lake history. First, Chironomidae and Chaoboridae appeared at low abundances during the earliest stages of the lake inundation in the late Pleistocene, at a time when Cladocera were notably absent. Second, chaoborids and chironomids increased in abundance during the Mid Holocene, which coincided with high diatom production towards the end of the Holocene African Humid Period. Third, starting ~4,700 cal yr BP, <i>Alona</i>, a predominantly littoral cladoceran genus, consistently appeared in the invertebrate assemblage alongside changes in mixing regimes and persisted throughout the Late Holocene to present. Fourth, the arrival of both <i>Chydorus</i> and <i>Bosmina longirostris</i> marked the establishment of an abundant cladoceran assemblage at ~1,350 cal yr BP. The assemblage then gradually shifted toward the increasing dominance of <i>B. longirostris</i>, a planktonic cladoceran. This study provides the first multi-millennial record of sedimentary invertebrate assemblages in Lake Victoria, and elucidates some of the temporal development of these communities throughout most of the modern ecosystem's dynamic history. Overall, we provide novel insights into the temporal dynamics of invertebrate community assembly in relation to climatic and environmental variability in tropical lakes.</p>
Vegetation Maps of the Early Pleistocene Guadix-Baza Basin
<p>Following a methodology based on fossil material, paleogeographic data and paleoclimate calculations allows generating maps of the Early Pleistocene vegetation units of Guadix-Baza Basin for both glacial and interglacial scenarios.</p> <p>The resulting vegetation maps represent a great diversity of vegetation types in the Guadix-Baza Basin, with seven different units which change their distribution according to climatic changes, i.e., dry (glacial) and humid (interglacial) periods. During dry periods the dominant vegetation type is the steppe, with Mediterranean woodlands and deciduous and conifer forests largely reduced and restricted to valleys or mountainous areas. During humid periods, the steppes are replaced by open Mediterranean woodlands, while deciduous and conifer forests occupy larger areas in the mountain ranges.</p> <p>For additional information check the publication: Altolaguirre, Y., Schulz, M., Gibert, L., Bruch, A.A., 2021. Mapping Early Pleistocene environments and the availability of plant food as a potential driver of early <em>Homo</em> presence in the Guadix-Baza Basin (Spain). Journal of Human Evolution, ----.</p>
FIGURE 15 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America
FIGURE 15. Comparison of the skull and dentary of extant Castor canadensis (MVZ 80744) and C. fiber (USNM 248154) to fossil C. californicus (USNM 26154). Note that the North American species C. canadensis and C. californicus share shorter nasals, wider occiput, and more posteriorly positioned orbits than Eurasian C. fiber; both also display more anterior placement of the anterior margin of the pterygoid insertion and greater spread of the posterior processes (coronoid, condylar, angular) than C. fiber.
FIGURE 14 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America
FIGURE 14. Variation line graph calculated by coefficients of variation with sample size correction for Castor canadensis and C. californicus postcranial measurements. Note that C. fiber is excluded due to limited sampling. Castor canadensis and C. californicus both contains high levels of variation in postcranial elements. See Table 17 for descriptive statistics, coefficients of variation, and ANOVA results.
FIGURE 13 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America
FIGURE 13. Boxplots for (A) articular width of humeral distal end (HDAW), (B) femoral epicondylar breadth (FeEB), (C) anteroposterior diameter of tibia distal epiphysis (TDEAPD), (D) anteroposterior diameter of third metatarsal (MT3APD), and (E) mediolateral diameter of fourth metatarsal (MT4MLD) of Castor canadensis and C. californicus, which exhibit differences in mean values and no overlap in range values. See Table 17 for descriptive statistics, coefficients of variation, and ANOVA results.
FIGURE 12 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America
FIGURE 12. Boxplots for (A) anteroposterior diameter of femur (FeAPD) and (B) mediolateral diameter of tibia distal epiphysis (TDEMLD) of Castor canadensis and C. californicus, which exhibit differences in mean values and minimal overlap in range values. See Table 17 for descriptive statistics, coefficients of variation, and ANOVA results.
FIGURE 9 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America
FIGURE 9. Canonical variate plot for analysis of dentary data with Castor californicus treated as a distinct taxon a priori. Axes depict shape variation, associated with landmark deformations, indicated by thin plate splines deformation grids.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.