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156 results for “Plio-Pleistocene”
Data from: Plio-Pleistocene diversification and biogeographic barriers in southern Australia reflected in the phylogeography of a widespread and common lizard species
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Directly dating Plio-Pleistocene climate change in the terrestrial record
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Why the long teeth? Morphometric analysis suggests different selective pressures on functional occlusal traits in Plio-Pleistocene African suids
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Data for: Plio-Pleistocene decline of mesic forest underpins diversification in a clade of Australian Panesthia cockroaches
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FIGURE 1 in A new bathyal ophiacanthid brittle star (Ophiuroidea: Ophiacanthidae) with Caribbean affinities from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Mediterranean
FIGURE 1. Map showing the position of the Punta Mazza section at Capo Milazzo, NE Sicily, Italy, marked by a star. Maps redrawn from publicly available material by Sémhur/Wikimedia Commons.
FIGURE 4 in A new bathyal ophiacanthid brittle star (Ophiuroidea: Ophiacanthidae) with Caribbean affinities from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Mediterranean
FIGURE 4. Lateral arm plates of various extant species of Ophiacanthidae (black-rimmed area) and Ophiotomidae, all shown with dorsal edges upwards, and with external view (left), internal view (middle) and the same internal view with the vertebral articular structures marked in red (right) for every species. Colours of background correspond to clade colours in Fig. 5. White background means the species are not included in the tree on Fig. 5. Scale bars equal 0.25 mm.
FIGURE 5 in A new bathyal ophiacanthid brittle star (Ophiuroidea: Ophiacanthidae) with Caribbean affinities from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Mediterranean
FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree of the Ophiacanthidae modified from O'Hara et al. (2017), with clades informally designated and colour-coded as in Figs. 3–4. Species represented in Figs. 3–4 in bold.
FIGURE 3 in A new bathyal ophiacanthid brittle star (Ophiuroidea: Ophiacanthidae) with Caribbean affinities from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Mediterranean
FIGURE 3. Lateral arm plates of various extant species of Ophiacanthidae, all shown with dorsal edges upwards, and with external view (left), internal view (middle) and the same internal view with the vertebral articular structures marked in red (right) for every species. Colours of background correspond to clade colours in Fig. 5. White background means the species are not included in the tree on Fig. 5. Scale bars equal 0.25 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new bathyal ophiacanthid brittle star (Ophiuroidea: Ophiacanthidae) with Caribbean affinities from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Mediterranean
FIGURE 2. Ophiacantha oceani sp. nov. (A–F) from the Piacenzian to Gelasian, latest Pliocene to earliest Pleistocene (approximately 2.6 mya) of Punta Mazza, Capo Milazzo, NE Sicily, Italy, A–B: MnhnL OPH074, holotype, proximal lateral arm plate in external (A) and internal (B) views; C–D: MnhnL OPH075, paratype, proximal lateral arm plate in external (C) and internal (D) views; E–F: MnhnL OPH076, paratype, distal lateral arm plate in external (E) and internal (F) views. Recent Ophiacantha stellata (G–J) from the tropical NW-Atlantic as closest living relative of Ophiacantha oceani sp. nov., G: complete skeleton in ventral view; H: detail of arm in lateral view; I–J: lateral arm plate in external (I) and internal (J) views. Abbreviations: ckv: central knob of the vertebral articular structures; di: distal; do: dorsal; pr: proximal; prv: proximal ridge of the vertebral articular structures; sa: spine articulation; sp: spur; ve: ventral.
Data from: Plio-Pleistocene phylogeography of the Southeast Asian Blue Panchax killifish, Aplocheilus panchax
The complex climatic and geological history of Southeast Asia has shaped this region's high biodiversity. In particular, sea level fluctuations associated with repeated glacial cycles during the Pleistocene both facilitated, and limited, connectivity between populations. In this study, we used data from two mitochondrial and three anonymous nuclear markers to determine whether a fresh/brackish water killifish, Aplocheilus panchax, Hamilton, 1822, could be used to further understand how climatic oscillations and associated sea level fluctuations have shaped the distribution of biota within this region, and whether such patterns show evidence of isolation within palaeodrainage basins. Our analyses revealed three major mitochondrial clades within A. panchax. The basal divergence of A. panchax mitochondrial lineages was approximately 3.5 Ma, whilst the subsequent divergence timings of these clades occurred early Pleistocene (~2.6 Ma), proceeding through the Pleistocene. Continuous phylogeographic analysis showed a clear west-east dispersal followed by rapid radiation across Southeast Asia. Individuals from Krabi, just north of the Isthmus of Kra, were more closely related to the Indian lineages, providing further evidence for a freshwater faunal disjunction at the Isthmus of Kra biogeographic barrier. Our results suggest that Sulawesi, across the Wallace Line, was colonised relatively recently (~30 ka). Nuclear DNA is less geographically structured, although Mantel tests indicated that nuclear genetic distances were correlated with geographic proximity. Overall, these results imply that recent gene flow, as opposed to historical isolation, has been the key factor determining patterns of nuclear genetic variation in A. panchax, however, some evidence of historical isolation is retained within the mitochondrial genome. Our study further validates the existence of a major biogeographic boundary at the Kra Isthmus, and also demonstrates the use of widely distributed fresh/brackishwater species in phylogeographic studies, and their ability to disperse across major marine barriers in relatively recent time periods.
Data from: Independent evolution of baleen whale gigantism linked to Plio-Pleistocene ocean dynamics
Vertebrates have evolved to gigantic sizes repeatedly over the past 250 Myr, reaching their extreme in today's baleen whales (Mysticeti). Hypotheses for the evolution of exceptionally large size in mysticetes range from niche partitioning to predator avoidance, but there has been no quantitative examination of body size evolutionary dynamics in this clade and it remains unclear when, why or how gigantism evolved. By fitting phylogenetic macroevolutionary models to a dataset consisting of living and extinct species, we show that mysticetes underwent a clade-wide shift in their mode of body size evolution during the Plio-Pleistocene. This transition, from Brownian motion-like dynamics to a trended random walk towards larger size, is temporally linked to the onset of seasonally intensified upwelling along coastal ecosystems. High prey densities resulting from wind-driven upwelling, rather than abundant resources alone, are the primary determinant of efficient foraging in extant mysticetes and Late Pliocene changes in ocean dynamics may have provided an ecological pathway to gigantism in multiple independent lineages.
Data from: Pliocene intraspecific divergence and Plio-Pleistocene range expansions within Picea likiangensis (Lijiang spruce), a dominant forest tree of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
A knowledge of intraspecific divergence and range dynamics of dominant forest trees in response to past geological and climate change is of major importance to an understanding of their recent evolution and demography. Such knowledge is informative of how forests were affected by environmental factors in the past and may provide pointers to their response to future environmental change. However, genetic signatures of such historical events are often weak at individual loci due to large effective population sizes and long generation times of forest trees. This problem can be overcome by analysing genetic variation across multiple loci. We used this approach to examine intraspecific divergence and past range dynamics in the conifer Picea likiangensis, a dominant tree of forests occurring in eastern and southern areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). We sequenced 13 nuclear loci, two mitochondrial DNA regions and three plastid (chloroplast) DNA regions in 177 individuals sampled from 22 natural populations of this species, and tested the hypothesis that its evolutionary history was markedly affected by Pliocene QTP uplifts and Quaternary climatic oscillations. Consistent with the taxonomic delimitation of the three morphologically divergent varieties examined, all individuals clustered into three genetic groups with inter-variety admixture detected in regions of geographical overlap. Divergence between varieties was estimated to have occurred within the Pliocene and ecological niche modeling based on 20 ecological variables suggested that niche differentiation was high. Furthermore, modeling of population genetic data indicated that two of the varieties (var. rubescens and var. linzhiensis) expanded their population sizes after the largest Quaternary glaciation in the QTP, while expansion of the third variety (var. likiangensis) began prior to this, probably following the Pliocene QTP uplift. These findings point to the importance of geological and climatic changes during the Pliocene and Pleistocene as causes of intraspecific diversification and range shifts of dominant tree species in the QTP biodiversity hotspot region.
FIGURE 14 in Revision of Scissurellidae, Anatomidae and Fissurellidae (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Philippines
FIGURE 14. Cumulative depth ranges of species present in the studied fauna. 'I' refers to depth ranges of species discussed in Helwerda et al. (2014), 'II' refers to depth ranges of species discussed in the current paper. (a) Species-based cumulative depth ranges. (b) Specimen-based cumulative depth ranges.
FIGURE 13. Emarginula souverbiana Pilsbry, 1890 in Revision of Scissurellidae, Anatomidae and Fissurellidae (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Philippines
FIGURE 13. Emarginula souverbiana Pilsbry, 1890 (=Emarginula maculata Souverbie, 1872), holotype. MHNBx (Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Bordeaux) 2004.TY.131. Locality Art Island, New Caledonia, Recent. Length 5.9 mm; width 4.1 mm; height 3.3 mm. (a) left view, (b) apical view. Photographs courtesy of L. Charles of MHNBx.
FIGURES 10–12. 10. Emarginula tosaensis Habe, 1953. RGM 961.722. Locality Anda3 in Revision of Scissurellidae, Anatomidae and Fissurellidae (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Philippines
FIGURES 10–12. 10. Emarginula tosaensis Habe, 1953. RGM 961.722. Locality Anda3. (a) left view, (b) right view, (c) basal view, (d) apical view. 11. Emarginula aff. souverbiana Pilsbry, 1890. RGM 961.723. Locality Anda6. (a) left view, (b) right view, (c) basal view, (d) apical view. 12. Zeidora geigeri nov. spec. RGM 961.724. Locality Anda2. (a) left view, (b) right view, (c) basal view, (d) apical view, (e) SEM apical view, (f) SEM detail of protoconch.
FIGURES 6–9. 6 in Revision of Scissurellidae, Anatomidae and Fissurellidae (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Philippines
FIGURES 6–9. 6. Anatoma equatoria (Hedley, 1899). RGM 961.713. Locality Anda3. (a) rear view, (b) apertural view, (c) basal view, (d) apical view. 7. Anatoma equatoria (Hedley, 1899). RGM 794.198. Locality Anda2. (a) SEM apical view, (b) SEM detail of protoconch. 8. Anatoma porcellana Geiger, 2012. RGM 961.719. Locality AndaClif3. (a) rear view, (b) apertural view, (c) basal view, (d) apical view. 9. Anatoma porcellana Geiger, 2012 RGM 794.199. Locality Anda6. (a) SEM apical view, (b) SEM detail of protoconch.
FIGURES 1–5. 1 in Revision of Scissurellidae, Anatomidae and Fissurellidae (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Philippines
FIGURES 1–5. 1. Scissurella mirifica (A. Adams, 1862). RGM 961.705. Locality Tiep3. (a) rear view, (b) apertural view, (c) basal view, (d) apical view. For these and remaining figures, all material derives from the Piacenzian or Gelasian Santa Cruz Formation of Cabarruyan Island or nearby Luzon Island, Philippines. Scale bars shells = 500 µm, scale bars SEM = 100 µm. 2. Sinezona marrowi Geiger, 2012. RGM 961.706. Locality Anda1. (a) rear view, (b) apertural view, (c) basal view, (d) apical view, (e) SEM detail of teleoconch, (f) SEM detail of protoconch. 3. Sinezona marrowi Geiger, 2012. RGM 961.707. Locality Tiep2. (a) rear view, (b). 4. Sukashitrochus morleti (Crosse, 1880). RGM 961.708. Locality Anda2. (a) rear view, (b) apertural view, (c) basal view, (d) apical view, (e) SEM apical view, (f) SEM detail of teleoconch, (g) SEM detail of protoconch. 5. Sukashitrochus morleti (Crosse, 1880). RGM 961.709. Locality Anda4. (a) SEM detail of teleoconch.
FIGURE 29–33. 29 in Acteonidae, Bullinidae and Ringiculidae (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Philippines
FIGURE 29–33. 29. Ringicula caelestis nov. spec.. Holotype RGM 961.824. Locality Anda1. (a) rear view, (b) oblique apertural view, (c) apertural view, (d) basal view, (e) apical view. 30. Ringicula caelestis nov. spec.. Paratype RGM 961.752. Locality Tiep2. (a) apertural view, (b) apical view. 31. Ringicula opima nov. spec.. Holotype RGM 961.757. Locality Tiep2. (a) rear view, (b) oblique apertural view, (c) apertural view, (d) basal view, (e) apical view, (f) apical view. 32. Ringicula opima nov. spec.. Paratype RGM 961.756. Locality Roxas. (a) apertural view, (b) apical view. 33. Ringicula spec 3. RGM 961.834. Locality Tiep2. (a) rear view, (b) oblique apertural view, (c) apertural view, (d) basal view, (e) apical view, (f) oblique apertural view, 3D reconstruction, (g) apertural view, 3D reconstruction, (h) basal view, 3D reconstruction, (i) apical view, 3D reconstruction.
FIGURE 23–28. 23 in Acteonidae, Bullinidae and Ringiculidae (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Philippines
FIGURE 23–28. 23. Ringicula bella nov. spec.. Holotype RGM 961.797. Locality Anda1. (a) rear view, (b) oblique apertural view, (c) apertural view, (d) basal view, (e) apical view. 24. Ringicula bella nov. spec.. Paratype RGM 961.750. Locality Tiep2. (a) apical view, (b) apertural view, composite. 25. Ringicula spec 1. RGM 961.817. Locality Tiep2. (a) rear view, (b) oblique apertural view, (c) apertural view, (d) basal view, (e) apical view. 26. Ringicula cf. spec 1. RGM 961.753. Locality Tiep2. (a) rear view, (b) oblique apertural view, (c) apertural view, (d) basal view, (e) apical view. 27. Ringicula circumscripta nov. spec.. Holotype RGM 961.754. Locality Roxas. (a) rear view, (b) oblique apertural view, (c) apertural view, (d) basal view, (e) apical view. 28. Ringicula spec 2. RGM 961.751. Locality Tiep2. (a) rear view, (b) oblique apertural view, (c) apertural view, (d) basal view, (e) apical view.
FIGURE 19–22. 19 in Acteonidae, Bullinidae and Ringiculidae (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Philippines
FIGURE 19–22. 19. Crenilabium pacificus (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961). RGM 961.747. Locality Tiep2. (a) rear view, (b) apertural view, (c) basal view, (d) apical view. 20. Obrussena bracteata (Iredale, 1925). RGM 961.748. Locality Anda6. (a) rear view, (b) apertural view, composite, (c) basal view, (d) apical view. 21. Bullina virgoides nov. spec.. Holotype RGM 961.749. Locality Tiep2. (a) rear view, (b) apertural view, (c) basal view, (d) apical view. 22. Bullina virgoides nov. spec.. Paratype RGM 961.846. Locality Tiep2. (a) rear view, (b) apertural view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.