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455 results for “Range expansion”

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zenodo36/100

Fig. 2 in Potential Global Range Expansion Of A New Invasive Species, The Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus Erythrinae Kim (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Fig. 2. Potential expansion areas of erythrina gall wasp in Asia and Australia.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2006View details →

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Parental population range expansion before secondary contact promotes heterosis

Population genomic analysis of hybrid zones is instrumental to our understanding of the evolution of reproductive isolation. Many temperate hybrid zones are formed by the secondary contact between two parental populations that have undergone post-glacial range expansion. Here we show that explicitly accounting for historical parental isolation followed by range expansion prior to secondary contact is fundamental for explaining genetic and fitness patterns in these hybrid zones. Specifically, ancestral population expansion can result in allele surfing where neutral or slightly deleterious mutations drift to high frequency at the expansion front. If these surfed deleterious alleles are recessive, they can contribute to substantial heterosis in hybrids produced at secondary contact, counteracting negative effects of Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities (BDMIs) hence weakening reproductive isolation. When BDMIs are linked to such recessive deleterious alleles the fitness benefit of introgression at these loci can facilitate introgression at the BDMIs. The extent to which this occurs depends on the strength of selection against the linked deleterious alleles and the distribution of recombination across the chromosome. Finally, surfing of neutral loci can alter the expected pattern of population ancestry, thus accounting for historical population expansion is necessary to develop accurate null genomic models of secondary-contact hybrid zones.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

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Biogeographic differences in plant-soil biota relationships contribute to the invasion exotic range expansion of Verbascum thapsus

<ol> <li>Exotic plant species can evolve adaptations to environmental conditions in the exotic range. Furthermore, soil biota can foster exotic spread in the absence of negative soil pathogen-plant interactions or because of increased positive soil biota-plant feedbacks in the exotic range. Little is known, however, about the evolutionary dimension of plant-soil biota interactions when comparing native and introduced ranges.</li> <li>To assess the role of soil microbes for rapid evolution in plant invasion, we subjected Verbascum thapsus, a species native to Europe, to a reciprocal transplant experiment with soil and seed material originating from Germany (native) and New Zealand (exotic). Soil samples were treated with biocides to distinguish between effects of soil fungi and bacteria. Seedlings from each of five native and exotic populations were transplanted into soil biota communities originating from all populations and subjected to treatments of soil biota reduction: application of (i) fungicide, (ii) biocide, (iii) a combination of the two and (iv) control. </li> <li>For most of the investigated traits, native populations showed higher performance than exotic populations; there was no effect of soil biota origin. However, plants developed longer leaves and larger rosettes when treated with their respective home soil communities, indicating that native and exotic plant populations differed in their interaction with soil biota origin. The absence of fungi and bacteria resulted in a higher specific root length, suggesting that V. thapsus may compensate the absence of mutualistic microbes by increasing its root-soil surface contact. </li> <li>Synthesis. Introduced plants can evolve adaptations to soil biota in their new distribution range. This demonstrates the importance of biogeographic differences in plant-soil biota relationships and suggests that future studies addressing evolutionary divergence should account for differential effects of soil biota from the home and exotic range on native and exotic populations of successful plant invaders. </li> </ol>

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

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FURTHER RANGE EXPANSION OF THE SCULPTURED RESIN BEE (MEGACHILE SCULPTURALIS) IN SERBIA AND BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL)

Table S1. Records of M. sculpturalis from Serbia and Bosnia & Herzegovina during 2020, sorted chronologically. The unit record is defined as unique locality/date combination, hence, some recording sites encompass repeated recording events (being re-visited for various purposes); however, in few cases of extended observation of nesting activity, repeated reports are omitted. Source of data is abbreviated as: OR – Own Research (surveying by co-authors), or CSP – Citizen Science Project reports. Coordinates (Latitude, Longitude) are given in WGS84 system. Locations are given as broader toponyms and/or in combination with smaller units (municipalities, etc.), while coordinates were used to define the basic locality-units. Recorded by: co-authors are shown by initials, full surnames given for CSP contributors (but only initials if withheld by request). Recording context: mostly recorded on blooming Styphnolobium trees (49 out of 64), 7 based on nesting (but #46 includes both the nesting and observation on Styphnolobium within the same site), 9 were other contexts. Sex: F – female, M – males; indicates positively established sex of the observed specimens (some reports likely include both sexes, but undocumented). Sampling: number of collected specimens, followed by "p" if some included pollen.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

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Data from: Integrating demographic niches and black spruce range expansion at subarctic treelines

When investigating relationships between species' niches and distributions, niches can be divided demographically, resulting in unique niches for different life stages. This approach can identify changing substrate requirements throughout a species' life cycle. Using non-metric multidimensional scaling, we quantified microsite conditions associated with successful recruitment in the tundra landscape and successful seed production amongst adult trees of black spruce (Picea mariana) at subarctic treeline in Yukon, Canada to assess how life stage-specific requirements may impact the distribution of this widespread boreal tree species. Treeline ecotones in this region showed high heterogeneity in tundra microsites available for establishment. Black spruce exhibited changing microsite associations from germination to reproductive maturity, which were mainly driven by changes in plant community and soil moisture. These associations limit the microsites where individuals can establish and reproduce to a subset available within the heterogeneous landscape. Overall, we suggest that (1) substrates suitable for early recruitment are limited at the range edge; and (2) reproductive adults have a narrow niche, limiting successful seed production in adults and forming sink populations where suitable conditions are limited. Our multivariate assessment of microsite suitability can provide valuable insights into the spatial distribution of a species throughout its life cycle and identify life stage-specific constraints to range expansion.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

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Range expansions of sexual versus asexual organisms: Effects of reproductive assurance and migration load

It is generally considered that sexual organisms show faster evolutionary adaptation than asexual organisms because sexuals can accumulate adaptive mutations through recombination. Yet empirical evidence often shows that the geographic range size of sexual species is narrower than that of closely-related asexual species, which may seem as if asexuals can adapt to more varied environments. Two potential explanations for this apparent contradiction considered by existing theory are reproduction assurance and migration load. Here, we consider both reproductive assurance and migration load within a single model to comparatively examine their effects on range expansions of sexuals and asexuals across an environmental gradient. The model shows that higher dispersal propensity decreases sexuals' disadvantage in reproductive assurance while increasing their disadvantage in migration load. Moreover, lower mutation rate constrains adaptation more strongly in asexuals than in sexuals. Thus, high dispersal propensity and high mutation rates promote that asexuals have wider range sizes than sexuals. Intriguingly, our model reveals that sexuals can have wider geographic range sizes than asexuals under low dispersal propensity and low mutation rates, a pattern consistent with a few exceptional empirical cases. Combining reproductive assurance and migration load provides a useful perspective to better understand the relationships between species' mating systems and their geographic ranges.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

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Arctic nekton uncovered by eDNA metabarcoding: diversity, potential range expansions and benthopelagic coupling

The Arctic Ocean is home to a unique fauna that is disproportionately affected by global warming but that remains under-studied. Due to their high mobility and responsiveness to global warming, cephalopods and fishes are good indicators of the reshuffling of Arctic communities. Here, we established a nekton biodiversity baseline for the Fram Strait, the only deep connection between the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. Using universal primers for fishes (12S) and cephalopods (18S), we amplified environmental DNA (eDNA) from seawater (50–2700 m) and deep-sea sediment samples collected at the LTER HAUSGARTEN observatory. We detected twelve cephalopod and 31 fish taxa in the seawater and seven cephalopod and 28 fish taxa in the sediment, including the elusive Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus). Our data suggest three fish (Mallotus villosus, Thunnus sp. and Micromesistius poutassou) and one squid (Histioteuthis sp.) range expansions. The detection of eDNA of pelagic origin in the sediment also suggests that M. villosus, Arctozenus risso and M. poutassou as well as gonatid squids are potential contributors to the carbon flux. Continuous nekton monitoring is needed to understand the ecosystem impacts of rapid warming in the Arctic and eDNA proves to be a suitable tool for this endeavor.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

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A digital GIS update to the classic Ulbrich 1930 map of muskrat (Undatra zibethica) population range expansion in Central Europe

This dataset is a digital version of a seminal dispersal data set of muskrat spread in Central Europe. We obtained and scanned an original copy of Ulbrich (1930), creating a digital image file, which we then geo-referenced in Arc Gis 10.2. The data herein contains metadata explaining the conversion process, necessary images to geo-reference the map, reference points used to "fix" the dispersal map to a map of present-day Europe, intermediate files (points and polygons produced when tracing the population ranges), and the final spatial dataset.   Reference to the original data:  Ulbrich, Johannes.  1930.  Die Bisamratte; lebenweise, gang ihrer ausbreitung in Europa, wirtschaftliche bedeutung und bekampfung.  Heinrich, Dresden.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

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The timid invasion: Behavioural adjustments and range expansion in a non-native rodent

Animal behaviour can moderate or favour biological invasion processes, and the native fauna's ability to adapt. The importance of behavioural traits for colonization success remains debated, as well as the nature of behavioural traits that facilitate colonization. We investigated behavioural responses associated with risk-taking and exploration, in both non-native bank voles (Myodes glareolus, N = 225) accidentally introduced to Ireland a century ago, and in native wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus, N = 189), that decline in numbers with vole expansion. We repeatedly sampled behavioural responses in three colonization zones: source (2 sites), expansion edge (4) and pre-arrival(2). Only source and edge zones are occupied by bank voles, for more than 80 years and 1-4 years, respectively. Individuals of both species varied consistently in risk-taking and exploration, and mice had not adjusted their behaviour to the presence of non-native voles, as their behaviour did not differ between the zones. Voles at the expansion edge were initially more risk-averse but habituated to the repeated testing situation, compared to voles that were consistently less risk-averse in the source population, indicating spatial sorting for risk-taking propensity along the expansion front We suggest that in non-native species under high predation pressure, the ability to develop timid phenotypes may thus represent a fundamental component for range expansions.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

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Data from: Assessing the local adaptative changes associated with range expansion of the pink stem borer

Understanding the genetic basis of adaptive evolution following habitat expansion can have important implications for pest management. The pink stem borer (PSB), Sesamia inferens (Walker), is a destructive pest of rice that historically restricted to regions south of N34° latitude in China. However, with changes in global climate and farming practices, the distribution of this moth has progressively exceeded its traditional limit of 34° N and encompassed most regions in North China. However, the evolutionary processes and local adaptative changes of this species, are not yet fully understood. Here, we employed genome resequencing to genotype over 1 million of high‐quality SNPs and 20,000 SVs from 14 geographical populations across China. Three highly differentiated genetic groups were formed, corresponding to Northern, Southern China regions and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The pairwise genetic distance between locations was highly correlated with geographic and environmental distance. Our estimates of evolutionary history indicate asymmetric migration with varying population sizes across three genetic groups. Selective sweep analyses highlight the strong selected insect cuticle GRP genes enhanced desiccation adaptability of the northern group and SETMAR gene associated with range expansion and local adaptation in Shandong population. Based on an integrated analysis of transcriptome and enGWAS, we also identified the CYP321A7 gene was involved in the PSB adaption to desiccation climates. Our findings revealed the phylogeography, demographic dynamics and evolutionary forces of PSB and identified potential candidate genes to explore the genetic adaptation to novel environments, which have significant implications for the development of effective strategies to control this pest.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

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FIGURE 1 Ptomaphagus thebeatles n in Ptomaphagus thebeatles n. sp., a previously unrecognized beetle from Europe, with remarks on urban taxonomy and recent range expansion (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)

FIGURE 1 Ptomaphagus thebeatles n. sp., habitus. Drawing by Erik-Jan Bosch.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

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