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292 results for “Recreation”
Extracted data from primary literature examining impacts of recreational activities on freshwater ecosystems
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Data from: A synthetic biology and green bioprocess approach to recreate agarwood sesquiterpenoid mixtures
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Data from: Low levels of outdoor recreation alter wildlife behavior
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Example data and scripts for: Processing IMU signals to recreate sacral trajectory during treadmill walking
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Rain, recreation, and risk: Human activity and ecological disturbance create seasonal risk landscapes for the prey of an ambush predator
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In the face of climate change and exhaustive exercise: The physiological response of an important recreational fish species
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Physiological stress of pika for Niwot Ridge, Green Lakes Valley and Brainard Lake Recreation Area, 2017
During the spring and fall of 2017 we collected fecal samples to evaluate physiological stress within American pika (Ochotona princeps) populations occupying different sites on and near Niwot Ridge. By using non-invasive methods to collect fecal samples from pikas in the field, we were able to measure baseline stress hormone (glucocorticoid) metabolites in individuals. Fresh fecal samples deposited in traps by trapped pikas were paired with fresh fecal samples collected from the territory in which the same pika was trapped. Fresh fecal samples were also collected from plot surveys and other locations during the 2017 Niwot Ridge pika survey. Along with pika occupancy surveys, surveys of physiological stress have the potential to explain patterns of pika distribution across the landscape.
Supplementary material from "Experimental evidence of human recreational disturbance effects on bird-territory establishment"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>The worldwide increase in human outdoor activities raises concerns for wildlife. Human disturbances, even at low levels, are likely to impact species during sensitive periods of the annual cycle. However, experimental studies during the putative sensitive period of territory establishment of birds which not only investigate low disturbance levels, but which also exclude the effect of habitat modification (e.g. walking trails) are lacking. Here, we experimentally disturbed birds in forest plots by walking through twice a day during territory establishment. Later we compared the breeding bird community of experimentally disturbed plots with that of undisturbed control plots. We discovered that the number of territories (−15.0%) and species richness (−15.2%) in disturbed plots were substantially reduced compared with control plots. Species most affected included those sensitive to human presence (assessed by flight-initiation distances), open-cup nesters and above-ground foragers. Long-distance migrants, however, were unaffected due to their arrival after experimental disturbance took place. These findings highlight how territory establishment is a sensitive period for birds, when even low levels of human recreation may be perceived as threatening, and alter settlement decisions. This can have important implications for the conservation of species, which might go unnoticed when focusing only on already established birds.</p>
Peaceful coexistence between people and deadly wildlife: why are recreational users of the ocean so rarely bitten by sea snakes?
<p>1) Research on interactions between humans and deadly snakes has focused on situations that result in high rates of snakebite; but we can also learn from cases where snakes and people coexist peacefully. For example, coastal bays near Noumea, in the Pacific archipelago of New Caledonia, are used by thousands of tourists and snakes, but bites are rare.</p> <p>2) Our long-term studies clarify reasons for this coexistence. Although 97% of snakes encountered in standardized snorkel surveys were a harmless species (<em>Emydocephalus annulatus</em>), we recorded dangerously venomous taxa often enough (one snake per eight hours snorkelling) that we would expect many risky human- snake interactions in these crowded bays. However, the risk is reduced by low overlap between humans and snakes in the timing of activity, both seasonally and on the diel cycle. Mate-searching male snakes, the group most likely to approach divers, enter the bays only in cooler months of the year when few beach users are present. Also, snakes tend to be active by night whereas people are not.</p> <p>3) Risk is further reduced by spatial divergence: bare-footed beach users stay in sandy areas rather than the adjacent coral-reef areas that are preferred by snakes. The response of snakes to disturbance is important also: most sea snakes are reluctant to bite even when harassed. Water currents frequently push sea snakes against hard objects, perhaps explaining why the snakes do not interpret brief contact with a human as an attack. The ability of snakes to flee is increased by uniformly high body temperature, and a complex three-dimensional aquatic environment.</p> <p>4) Thus, the danger of snakebite for recreational users of these popular beaches is reduced by aspects of human and snake behaviour that (i) decrease encounter rates, and (ii) render snakes unlikely to bite even if contacted. The risk to snakes is also reduced, because snakes are more difficult to detect and kill underwater than on land. As a result, thousands of snakes and people coexist harmoniously within these small bays.</p>
Data from: Consistent size-independent harvest selection on fish body shape in two recreationally exploited marine species
Harvesting wild animals may exert size-independent selection pressures on a range of morphological, life history, and behavioral traits. Most work so far has focused on selection pressures on life history traits and body size as morphological trait. We studied here how recreational fishing selects for morphological traits related to body shape, which may correlate with underlying swimming behavior. Using landmark-based geometric morphometrics, we found consistent recreational fishing-induced selection pressures on body shape in two recreationally exploited marine fish species. We show that individuals with larger-sized mouths and more streamlined and elongated bodies were more vulnerable to passively operated hook-and-line fishing independent of the individual's body size or condition. While the greater vulnerability of individuals with larger mouth gapes can be explained by the direct physical interaction with hooks, selection against streamlined and elongated individuals could either involve a specific foraging mode or relate to underlying elevated swimming behavior. Harvesting using passive gear is common around the globe, and thus, size-independent selection on body shape is expected to be widespread potentially leaving behind individuals with smaller oral gapes and more compact bodies. This might have repercussions for food webs by altering foraging and predation.
Human recreation impacts seasonal activity and occupancy of American black bears (Ursus americanus) across the urban-wildlife interface
<p>The datasets used for all analyses throughout the study that are downloaded from the Yooper Wildlife Watch Project found on Zooniverse. </p>
Integrative biodiversity inventories: characterizing lichen-forming fungal diversity in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area using DNA barcoding and vouchered specimens
<p>The Colorado River and its tributaries on the Colorado Plateau are home to unique desert river ecosystems and changing environmental conditions. Within this region, the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GCNRA) is comprised of rugged, high desert terrain and is managed by the United States National Parks Service as both a recreational and conservation area. Despite the ecological and economic importance of GCNRA, significant components of the ecological communities therein remain poorly characterized, including lichens. Accurately characterizing lichen-forming fungal diversity is challenging due to poorly known taxonomic groups, underexplored regions/habitats, and varying interpretations of morphological differences, including the recognition of environmentally modified forms. To better understand lichen diversity in GCNRA, we used an integrative taxonomic approach, incorporating both traditional morphology-based identification and information from the standard fungal DNA barcoding marker, the ITS, to compile a thorough inventory of lichen-forming fungi in Fifty-Mile Canyon. Vouchered lichen specimens were collected in 2019, and from these the ITS marker was sequenced. Candidate species-level lineages were delimited from family-level multiple sequence alignments using the Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning web server. Specimens comprising DNA-based candidate species were then evaluated using traditional taxonomically diagnostic characters to link these, where possible, to currently described species. For Fifty-Mile Canyon, we document 100 putative species in 15 families, each represented by vouchered specimens, ITS sequence data, and photographic documentation. For comparison, a survey of historic records from GCNRA revealed a total of 124 documented lichen-forming fungal species throughout the NRA and adjacent land. Approximately 50% of the species documented in Fifty-Mile Canyon had not previously been found in GCNRA, and similar proportions of species diversity have been documented in GCNRA but not observed in our survey. We report three species new to North America – <em>Calogaya ferrugineoides</em> (H. Magn.) Arup, Froden & Sochting, <em>Endocarpon deserticola</em> T. Zhang, X. L. Wei & J. C. Wei and <em>Xanthocarpia ferrari</em> (Bagl.) Frödén, Arup & Søchting – verified using ITS sequencing data. In addition, <em>Circinaria squamulosa</em> sp. nov. is formally described here, currently known only from sandstone slabs in Fifty-Mile Canyon. However, the taxonomic identity of many of the candidate species from Fifty-Mile Canyon remained ambiguous at the species level, and some collections likely represent undescribed species-level lineages. Our results revealed unexpected, high species-level diversity of lichen-forming fungi at local scales and that overall lichen diversity across the entire GCNRA is likely vastly undercounted. These data – including DNA barcodes for the vast majority of lichen-forming fungi occurring in this canyon – provide an important resource that can be integrated into subsequent lichen biodiversity research in the southwestern United States and other semi-arid climates.</p>
Scaling fish swimming recreational fishing
<p>Data on fight times for recreationally angled species</p>
FIGURE 9 in Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) sampled on artificial substrates of a recreational marina in the Tropical Northeastern Brazilian coast
FIGURE 9. Spicules of Sycon avus sp. nov. (holotype, UFBA 4526-POR). A—Diactine; B—Triactine of the cones; C—Tubar triactine; D—Subatrial tetractine; E—Subatrial triactine; F—Atrial tetractine; G—Atrial triactine.
FIGURE 8 in Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) sampled on artificial substrates of a recreational marina in the Tropical Northeastern Brazilian coast
FIGURE 8. Sycon avus sp. nov. (holotype, UFBA 4526-POR). A—Preserved specimen with preoscular membrane (arrowhead) and fringe of trichoxeas (arrow); B—Detail of the fringe with a basal ring of spicules (arrowhead); C—Transversal section showing the syconoid aquiferous system; D—Distal cones with diactines and triactines (arrowheads in detail); E— Choanocyte chambers with reproductive elements (*) and tubar skeleton formed by triactines (arrowheads); F—Atrial cavity with the apical actines of tetractines (arrowhead).
FIGURE 6 in Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) sampled on artificial substrates of a recreational marina in the Tropical Northeastern Brazilian coast
FIGURE 6. Sycon bellum sp. nov. (holotype, UFBA 4527-POR). A—Preserved specimen with oscular membrane (arrowheads); B—Oscular membrane; C—Transversal section showing the syconoid aquiferous system (arrowhead highlighting the tufts of diactines); D—Detail of a distal cone with diactines and triactines (arrowhead); E—Triactine (arrowhead) of the tubar skeleton; F—Transversal section of the atrial skeleton and apical actines (in detail). at – atrium; dc – distal cone.
FIGURE 7 in Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) sampled on artificial substrates of a recreational marina in the Tropical Northeastern Brazilian coast
FIGURE 7. Sycon bellum sp. nov. (holotype, UFBA 4527-POR). A—Diactine; B—Triactines of the distal cones; C—Tubar triactines; D—Subatrial triactine; E—Atrial triactine. F—Atrial tetractine.
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) sampled on artificial substrates of a recreational marina in the Tropical Northeastern Brazilian coast
FIGURE 4. Paraleucilla incomposita (UFBA 4532-POR, except for B, C, and D—UFBA 4533-POR). A—Preserved specimen and oscular fringe (in detail); B—Cross section showing the layer with subcortical lacunae (*) and free of choanocyte chambers (black line). Embryos (arrow) can be observed; C—Longitudinal section with a general view of the skeletal organisation from the cortical (cx) to the atrial (at) regions; D—Detail of the outer region (OR) and inner region below that; E—Cross section showing a choanosomal canal (cc) with apical actines of tetractines close to the atrium (at); F—Cross section of the atrium (at) with apical actines of tetractines protruding into it.
FIGURE 5 in Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) sampled on artificial substrates of a recreational marina in the Tropical Northeastern Brazilian coast
FIGURE 5. Paraleucilla incomposita (A–I: UFBA 4532-POR. J, K: UFBA 4246-POR holotype). A—Diactine; B—Cortical triactine; C—Cortical tetractine; D, D'—Subatrial tetractines I; E—Subatrial triactine; F—Subatrial tetractines II; G—Thin subatrial tetractine; H, H'—Atrial tetractines; I—Pentactine; J—Pentactine of the holotype; K—Tetractine of the holotype with displaced apical actine.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) sampled on artificial substrates of a recreational marina in the Tropical Northeastern Brazilian coast
FIGURE 3. Leucandra serrata (UFBA 4525-POR). A—Diactine; B—Jagged microdiactine; C—Cortical triactine; D— Choanosomal triactine; E—Tetractine of the canals; F—Atrial tetractine.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.