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235 results for “Redundancy”
Data from: Genetic redundancy fuels polygenic adaptation in Drosophila
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Diversified but not redundant: Upslope migrating bumble bees restructure pollination services to alpine plants
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From alpha to beta functional and phylogenetic redundancy
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Data from: Fitness consequences of redundant cues of competition in male D. melanogaster
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Low functional richness and high functional redundancy of Neotropical dung beetle assemblages in forest-replacing sugarcane plantations
<p>Dung beetles collected in forest interior areas, forest edge, small fragments, sugarcane plantations (matrix of primary forest) and sugarcane plantations (matrix of small fragments) of a Brazilian Atlantic forest landscape (Serra Grande, Alagoas).</p>
Data from: Palaeodiversity and formation counts: redundancy or bias?
A key question in palaeontology is whether the fossil record taken at face value is adequate to represent true patterns of diversity through time. Some methods of assessing data quality have depended on the commonly observed covariation of palaeodiversity and fossiliferous formation counts through time, based on the assumption that the count of formations containing fossils, to a greater or lesser extent, drives diversity; but what if diversity drives formations? Close study of two fossil records, early tetrapods (Devonian–Jurassic) and dinosaurs, shows how the relationship between new taxa and new fossiliferous formations varies through research time. Initially, each new find represents a new fossiliferous formation and discovery follows the 'bonanza' model (fossils drive formations). In unexplored parts of the world, new taxa are identified frequently in new regions/formations. Only after time, in well-explored continents such as Europe and North America, does collecting style switch to a mix of exploration for new formations and re-sampling of known fossiliferous formations. Data are most striking for dinosaurs, where the Triassic–Jurassic record largely comprises finds from Europe and North America, where new formation discoveries reached their half-life in 1914. This contrasts with the Cretaceous, which is dominated by rapidly rising discoveries from regions outside Europe and North America and the formation half-life for these 'new' lands is 1986, showing that 50% of new Cretaceous dinosaur-bearing formations were identified only in the past 30 years. The relationship between dinosaur-bearing formations and palaeodiversity then combines three signals in variable amounts, reflecting the original diversity (relative abundances of particular taxa in different formations), redundancy (new fossiliferous formations accruing because of new fossil finds) and sampling (intensity of exploration for new fossiliferous formations, and of search within already-sampled formations). For fossil vertebrates at least, formation counts of various kinds are poor predictors of sampling, missing, for example, the bonanza samples of Lagerstätten such as the Yixian Formation in China: thousands of specimens, dozens of species, but counted as one formation. These observations suggest that formation count cannot be regarded as an unbiased metric of sampling.
Data from: Functional redundancy in bird community decreases with riparian forest width reduction
1. Riparian ecosystems are suffering anthropogenic threats that reduce biodiversity and undermine ecosystem services. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty about the way species composition of assemblages is related to ecosystem function, especially in a landscape fragmentation context. 2. Here we assess the impact of habitat loss and disturbance on Functional Diversity (FD) components Functional Redundancy (FRed), Functional Evenness (FEve) and Functional Richness (FRic) of riparian forest bird assemblages to evaluate (1) how FD components respond to riparian forest width reduction and vegetation disturbance; (2) the existence of thresholds within these relationships; (3) which of the main birds diet guild (frugivores, insectivores and omnivores) respond to such thresholds. We predict that FD components will be affected negatively and non-linearly by riparian changes. However, guilds could have different responses due to differences of species sensitivity to fragmentation and disturbance. We expect to find thresholds in FD responses, because fragmentation and disturbance drive loss of specific FD components. 3. Our results show that FRed and FEve were linearly affected by width and disturbance of riparian habitats, respectively. FRed was significantly lower in riparian forests assemblages below 400 m wide and FEve was significantly higher above 60% disturbance. These responses of FD were also followed to the decline in insectivores and frugivores richness in riparian forests most affected by these changes. 4. Consequently, our study suggests communities do not tolerate reduction in riparian forest width or disturbance intensification without negative impact on FD, and this becomes more critical for riparian area less than 400 m wide or with more than 60% disturbance. This minimum riparian width required to maintain FRed is greater than the minimum width required for riparian forests by Brazilian law. Thus, is important to consider mechanisms to expand riparian habitats and reduce the disturbance intensity in riparian forests so that riparian bird community FD may be effectively conserved.
Data from: Cover crops in arable lands increase functional complementarity and redundancy of bacterial communities
1. Reducing the deleterious effects of intensive tillage and fertilisation on ecosystem integrity and human health is challenging for sustainable agriculture. The use of cover crops has been advocated as a suitable technique for this purpose, but scientific evidence to support this has been scarce. 2. After four years and a complete rotation; including wheat, maize and green pea as main crops in a ploughing system, we investigated the respective and combined effects of cover crops and nitrogen fertilisation on soil chemical and biological properties using a controlled experiment combining soil chemical analyses, high-throughput sequencing and community level physiological profiles. 3. Cover crops impeded the soil carbon and nitrogen depletion induced by intensive tillage, not only in the topsoil but also within deeper soil horizons, where more specialized bacterial communities established. 4. Cover crops induced a significant shift in soil bacterial community diversity and composition, which was associated with changes in soil chemical features and bacterial metabolic activities along the entire soil profile. 5. Cover crops enhanced soil resilience to nitrogen fertilisation by increasing functional redundancy and complementarity within soil bacterial communities and across soil horizons. 6. Synthesis and applications. In the ploughing systems commonly used for intensive agriculture in Western Europe, the use of cover crops fosters a high functional diversity among soil bacteria and thus can help to achieve a more sustainable agriculture by reducing nitrogen fertilization while maintaining yields.
Data from: Do humans optimally exploit redundancy to control step variability in walking?
It is widely accepted that humans and animals minimize energetic cost while walking. While such principles predict average behavior, they do not explain the variability observed in walking. For robust performance, walking movements must adapt at each step, not just on average. Here, we propose an analytical framework that reconciles issues of optimality, redundancy, and stochasticity. For human treadmill walking, we defined a goal function to formulate a precise mathematical definition of one possible control strategy: maintain constant speed at each stride. We recorded stride times and stride lengths from healthy subjects walking at five speeds. The specified goal function yielded a decomposition of stride-to-stride variations into new gait variables explicitly related to achieving the hypothesized strategy. Subjects exhibited greatly decreased variability for goal-relevant gait fluctuations directly related to achieving this strategy, but far greater variability for goal-irrelevant fluctuations. More importantly, humans immediately corrected goal-relevant deviations at each successive stride, while allowing goal-irrelevant deviations to persist across multiple strides. To demonstrate that this was not the only strategy people could have used to successfully accomplish the task, we created three surrogate data sets. Each tested a specific alternative hypothesis that subjects used a different strategy that made no reference to the hypothesized goal function. Humans did not adopt any of these viable alternative strategies. Finally, we developed a sequence of stochastic control models of stride-to-stride variability for walking, based on the Minimum Intervention Principle. We demonstrate that healthy humans are not precisely "optimal," but instead consistently slightly over-correct small deviations in walking speed at each stride. Our results reveal a new governing principle for regulating stride-to-stride fluctuations in human walking that acts independently of, but in parallel with, minimizing energetic cost. Thus, humans exploit task redundancies to achieve robust control while minimizing effort and allowing potentially beneficial motor variability.
Figure 2 from: Rome M, Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge G (2019) Imprecise descriptions of Passiflora riparia Martius ex Masters led to redundant descriptions as P. emiliae Sacco, P. crenata Feuillet & Cremers, P. pergrandis Holm-Nielsen & Lawesson and P. fernandezii Escobar. PhytoKeys 117: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.117.30672
Figure 2 - Distribution of examined specimens of P.riparia (X), P.emiliae (red cross), P crenata (blue cross), P.fernandezii (green cross), P.pergrandis (purple cross), and the bioclimatic distribution model, highlighting climates that are marginal (grey), favorable (light yellow), very favorable (light orange) or excellent (bright orange). Black triangles represent distribution of examined specimens of P.ambigua.
Figure 3 from: Rome M, Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge G (2019) Imprecise descriptions of Passiflora riparia Martius ex Masters led to redundant descriptions as P. emiliae Sacco, P. crenata Feuillet & Cremers, P. pergrandis Holm-Nielsen & Lawesson and P. fernandezii Escobar. PhytoKeys 117: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.117.30672
Figure 3 - Representation of the climatic envelopes of P.riparia and its presumed synonyms in the principal plane of the PCA (same color code as for Figure 2). Passifloraambigua collections are represented by black triangles.
Figure 1 from: Rome M, Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge G (2019) Imprecise descriptions of Passiflora riparia Martius ex Masters led to redundant descriptions as P. emiliae Sacco, P. crenata Feuillet & Cremers, P. pergrandis Holm-Nielsen & Lawesson and P. fernandezii Escobar. PhytoKeys 117: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.117.30672
Figure 1 - Comparison between flowers of P.riparia and P.crenata.A–C flowers of P.riparia from Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil (photo: Rich Hoyer) D flower of P.riparia from Marituba, Para, Brazil (photo: Luis Otavio Adão Teixeiro) E–H flowers of P.crenata from Cacao village, French Guiana. Flower size is indicated by 1 cm white bars.
Data from: Evaluation of redundancy analysis to identify signatures of local adaptation
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Data from: Palaeodiversity and formation counts: redundancy or bias?
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Data from: Cover crops in arable lands increase functional complementarity and redundancy of bacterial communities
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Beta redundancy for functional ecology
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Data from: Genetic redundancy strengthens the circadian clock leading to a narrow entrainment range
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Data from: Functional redundancy in bird community decreases with riparian forest width reduction
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Data from: Honeybees possess a structurally diverse and functionally redundant set of queen pheromones
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Data from: Do humans optimally exploit redundancy to control step variability in walking?
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ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.