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Fig. 6 in The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs

Fig. 6. Neural arch of posterior cervical vertebra,?C7 of the basal sauropodomorph Aardonyx celestae Yates, Bonnan, Neveling, Chinsamy, and Blackbeard, 2010, BP/1/6615 from the Elliot Formation of Spion Kop, South Africa, in left lateral view.

Fig. 9 in The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs

Fig. 9. Middle posterior dorsal vertebra of the basal sauropod Antetonitrus ingenipes Yates and Kitching, 2003, BP/1/4952 from the Upper Triassic Elliot Formation of Ladybrand, South Africa, in right lateral (A) and posterior (B) views. Left (C) and right (D) posterior infradiapophyseal fossa in oblique posterolateral and slightly ventral views. Close up of invasive left posterior infradiapophyseal subfossa (E).

Fig. 1 in The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs

Fig. 1. The pneumaticity profile of O'Connor (2006: fig. 12). The osteological correlate with the lowest specificity is at the bottom of the profile, while the correlate that specifies only pneumatic diverticula is at the top. The profile has been modified to indicate that pneumatic diverticula can form simple vertebral fossae.

Fig. 8 in The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs

Fig. 8. Sacral elements of the basal sauropodomorph Aardonyx celestae Yates, Bonnan, Neveling, Chinsamy, and Blackbeard, 2010, from the Lower Jurassic Elliot Formation of Spion Kop, South Africa. A. Incomplete neural arch of first sacral vertebra, BP/1/5379 in left lateral (A1) and posterior (A2) views. Close−up of left posterior fossa in posteroventral view (A3). Note the subfossae separated by a ridge (arrowed). B. First sacral centrum, BP/1/6241 in left lateral (B1) and oblique posterolateral and slightly ventral (B2) views. Close−up of the dorsolateral fossa (B3) developed behind the sutural scar for the attachment of the sacral rib.

Fig. 5 in The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs

Fig. 5. Dorsal vertebrae of the basal sauropodomorph Eucnemesaurus fortis Van Hoepen, 1920, from the Upper Triassic Elliot Formation of South Africa. A. Posterior dorsal BP/1/6107 in posterior (A1) and right posterolateral (A2) views. Close−up of the right posterior infradiapophyseal fossa in posterolateral view (A3). B. Neural arch of middle dorsal TM 119 in right lateral view.

Fig. 4 in The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs

Fig. 4. Cervico−dorsal transition of the vertebral column of the basal sauropodomorph Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837, AMNH 6810 from the Upper Triassic Loewenstein Formation of the Trossingen Quarry, Germany. A. The posterior cervical vertebrae, C9 and 10 (left and middle) and the first dorsal vertebra, D1 (right) in left lateral view. B. Close−up of the pneumatic fossa on the dorsal surface of C10.

Fig. 12. A in The early evolution of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs

Fig. 12. A phylogenetic diagram showing the distribution of invasive PSP along the vertebral column (the caudal series is truncated) in Sauropodomorpha. Black boxes indicate the presence of pneumatic fossae or invasive infradiapophyseal subfossae. Note that in the case of Plateosaurus PSP is presently known in a single specimen whereas other specimens of same taxon lack it. The phylogeny is based on Yates (2010), with the modification that Eucnemesaurus is placed closer to Anchisauria than Massospondylus is. The position of the Spion Kop sauropod is based on an unpublished analysis (AMY unpublished data). The distributions of PSP in the taxa not directly examined in this study were gleaned from the following sources: Pantydraco (Yates 2003; Wedel 2007), Tazoudasaurus (Allain and Aquesbi 2008), Shunosaurus (Zhang 1988), Jobaria (Sereno et al. 1999), Haplocanthosaurus (Hatcher 1903).

Fig. 1 in Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica

Fig. 1. Map of Antarctica (A), with inset maps showing the Central Transantarctic Mountains (B), and the Beardmore Glacier area where the Mount Kirkpatrick dinosaur site is located (C). Age and generalized stratigraphy of Triassic and Jurassic portions of the Beacon Supergroup in the Beardmore Glacier area, with relative positions of Mesozoic vertebrate faunas indicated at right (D). Abbreviations: FM, Formation; L, lower member; M, middle member; U, upper member.

Fig. 5 in Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica

Fig. 5. Sauropodomorph dinosaur Glacialisaurus hammeri gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation at Mt. Kirkpatrick, Beardmore Glacier region, Antarcticac. Right pes (FMNH PR1823) in anterior (A), medial (B), and posterior (C) views. Astragalus and distal tarsals have been digitally removed in B.

Fig. 2 in Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica

Fig. 2. Sauropodomorph dinosaur Glacialisaurus hammeri gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation at Mt. Kirkpatrick, Beardmore Glacier region, Antarcticac. Distal left femur (FMNH PR1822) in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), and medial (D) views.

Fig. 4 in Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica

Fig. 4. Sauropodomorph dinosaur Glacialisaurus hammeri gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation at Mt. Kirkpatrick, Beardmore Glacier region, Antarcticac. Right astragalus (FMNH PR1823) in dorsal (A), and posterior (B) views. Right distal tarsals and metatarsus have been digitally removed in A.

Fig. 7 in Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica

Fig. 7. Phylogenetic analysis of basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs based on Yates (2007a, b), and including Glacialisaurus and several novel characters (see Appendix 1). Bootstrap values greater than 50% are listed above nodes, and Bremer decay indices greater than 1 are listed below nodes. Relationships among non−sauropodomorph taxa (here collapsed into an "outgroup" lineage) are identical to those recovered in Yates (2007a, b). Several taxon labels (in bold) follow Yates (2007b).

Fig. 6 in Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica

Fig. 6. Sauropodomorph dinosaur Glacialisaurus hammeri gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation at Mt. Kirkpatrick, Beardmore Glacier region, Antarcticac. Right metatarsal II (FMNH PR1823) in distal view. Anterior is toward the top of the page. Note the medial twisting of the distal articular end, and the more robust development of the medial condyle.

Fig. 3 in Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica

Fig. 3. Sauropodomorph dinosaur Glacialisaurus hammeri gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation at Mt. Kirkpatrick, Beardmore Glacier region, Antarcticac. Distal left femur (FMNH PR1822) in distal view.