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204 results for “Scleractinian Coral”
Mortality, growth and reproduction in five species of scleractinian corals following bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998
<p><em><strong>Study sites</strong></em>: These data were collected on the fringing reefs on the west side of Orpheus Island at Little Pioneer Bay (S18.594°, E146.485°), and the south-eastern side of Pelorus Island (S18.560°, E146.500°). Both islands are continental islands of the Palm Islands group in the Central Section of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine Park. These sites were amongst the worst affected by bleaching on the GBR following a sharp rise in sea surface temperature in the early months of 1998 (Berkelmans and Oliver 1999)</p> <p><em><strong>Species response to and recovery from high Sea Surface Temperature (SST</strong></em>): On 24 March 1998, all living colonies of <em>Acropora millepora </em>(n = 37) and <em>A. hyacinthus</em> (n = 28) in a 20 m × 40 m area between 3-4 m deep on the fringing reef of south-east of Pelorus Island were tagged to examine the patterns of response to, and recovery from, high SST. Similarly, all colonies of <em>Seriatopora hystrix</em> at 10 m depth within a 5 by 40 m area at this site were tagged (n=27). <em>Platygyra daedalea</em> (n = 28) and <em>Porites lobata </em>(n = 14) at 3-4 m depth in an area of approximately 50 m × 10 m were tagged at Little Pioneer Bay on Orpheus Island. The extent of colony bleaching was classified into 6 categories following Marshall and Baird (2000): 1 = no bleaching; 2 = uniformly pale; 3 = 1-50; 4 = 51-99; 5 = 100% bleached, and 6 = dead. Colonies that were fluorescent were categorized as 100% bleached. The extent of colony bleaching was estimated on six occasions following the initial report of bleaching at these sites on 10 February 1998 (Hoegh-Guldberg 1999).</p> <p><em><strong>Colony size:</strong></em> The size of <em>P. daedalea</em> colonies was determined from the maximum colony diameter of colonies at the initial census, which ranged from 10 to 40 cm. The projected area of the two species of <em>Acropora</em> was estimated from digitized photos of the colonies. The volume of <em>Seriatopora hystrix</em> was estimated by multiplying maximum diameter width x the perpendicular of maximum colony diameter x maximum colony height. All lengths were measured to the nearest cm with a tape measure.</p> <p><em><strong>Partial mortality</strong></em>: Partial mortality was estimated as the proportion of the pre-bleaching tissue lost within each colony, estimated to the nearest 5%. Values ranged from zero (escape from injury) through various amounts of injury (partial mortality) to 100% (whole-colony mortality). Alternatively, in <em>Seriatopora hystrix</em> a categorical scale identical to the bleaching categories described above was used.</p> <p>References</p> <p>Berkelmans R, Oliver JK (1999) Large-scale bleaching of corals on the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 18:55-60</p> <p>Hoegh-Guldberg O (1999) Climate change, coral bleaching and the future of the world's coral reefs. Mar Freshwat Res 50:839-866</p> <p>Marshall PA, Baird AH (2000) Bleaching of corals on the Great Barrier Reef: differential susceptibilities among taxa. Coral Reefs 19:155-163</p>
Data from: Toward a standardised protocol for the stable isotope analysis of scleractinian corals
<p><strong>Rationale:</strong> The stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen is a powerful tool in many ecological studies, but different sample treatments may affect stable isotope ratios and hamper comparisons among studies. The goal of this study was to determine whether treatments that are commonly used to prepare scleractinian coral samples for stable isotope analysis yield different δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C values, and to provide guidelines toward a standardised protocol. </p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> The animal tissues and Symbiodiniaceae of two symbiotic scleractinian coral species (<em>Stylophora pistillata</em> and <em>Porites lutea</em>) were divided into subsamples to test the effects of the drying method, lipid extraction, acidification treatment and water washing. All the subsamples were analysed for their δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C values, using continuous flow elemental analyser/isotope ratio mass spectrometry.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The drying method and lipid extraction treatment had no substantial effects on the δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C values of Symbiodiniaceae and animal tissues. Acid treatment did cause significant differences in δ<sup>13</sup>C values (mean differences ≤0.5‰, with individual samples becoming up to 2.0‰ more negative), whereas no ecologically significant differences were observed in δ<sup>15</sup>N values. Animal tissue δ<sup>13</sup>C values may vary depending on whether samples are washed or not. </p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To move towards a standardised protocol in coral research, we recommend using an available drying method (as they are equally acceptable) for the stable isotope analysis of scleractinian corals, examining the need for lipid extraction on a case‐by‐case basis, performing a direct acidification of Symbiodiniaceae and animal tissues, and avoiding washing animal tissue with distilled water.</p>
The scaling of metabolic traits differs among larvae and juvenile colonies of scleractinian corals
<p>Body size profoundly affects organism fitness and ecosystem dynamics through the scaling of physiological traits. This study tests for variation in metabolic scaling and its potential drivers among corals differing in life history strategies and taxonomic identity. Data were compiled from published sources and augmented with empirical measurements of corals in Moorea, French Polynesia. The data compilation revealed metabolic isometry in broadcasted larvae, but size-independent metabolism in brooded larvae; empirical measures of <em>Pocillopora acuta</em> larvae also supported size-independent metabolism in brooded coral larvae. In contrast, for juvenile colonies (i.e., 1–4 cm diameter), metabolic scaling was isometric for <em>Pocillopora</em> spp. and negatively allometric for <em>Porites</em> spp. The scaling of biomass with surface area was isometric for <em>Pocillopora</em> spp., but positively allometric for <em>Porites</em> spp., suggesting the surface area:biomass ratio mediates metabolic scaling in these corals. The scaling of tissue biomass and metabolism was not affected by light treatment (i.e., either natural photoperiods or constant darkness) in both juvenile taxa. However, biomass was reduced by 9–15% in the juvenile corals from the light treatments and this coincided with higher metabolic scaling exponents, thus supporting the causal role of biomass in driving variation in scaling. This study shows that metabolic scaling is plastic in the early life stages of corals, with intrinsic differences between life history strategy (i.e., brooded and broadcasted larvae) and taxa (i.e., <em>Pocillopora </em>spp<em>. </em>and <em>Porites </em>spp<em>.</em>), and acquired differences attributed to changes in area-normalized biomass.</p>
Fig 6A in Diversity and distribution of scleractinian corals from Mandapam group of Islands in Gulf of Mannar marine national park, South East coast of India
Fig 6A: D Acropora sp. E - G Montipora sp. H - Tubastreae coccinea
Fig. 4 in Association Between The Scallop, Pedum Spondyloideum, (Bivalvia: Pteriomorphia: Pectinidae) And Scleractinian Corals From The Wakatobi Marine National Park (Southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia)
Fig. 4. The number of Pedum spondyloideum occuring in Porites lobata and Por. lutea.
Monitoring mesophotic scleractinian corals using an underwater mini-ROV to sample eDNA
<p>Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) are light-dependent tropical or subtropical communities occurring at depths of 30 to 150 m. We recently devised a coral-specific environmental DNA (eDNA) barcoding method that can identify 36 scleractinian genera in shallow reefs by sampling ~1L of surface seawater. If eDNA barcoding is combined with sampling using underwater mini-Remote Operated Vehicles (mini-ROVs), it may be possible to survey mesophotic corals more easily and broadly. Around the Zamami Islands, in Okinawa, Japan, seawater was collected 1–2 m above the bottom at six locations 20–80 m below the surface and subjected to coral-specific eDNA amplification. Metabarcoding analyses showed that (a) eDNA from ~0.5 L seawater was sufficient to identify genera and to yield comparative ratios of genera at these sites; (b) <em>Acropora</em> dominates shallow reefs and upper ridges of slopes, while other genera including <em>Porites, Pocillopora </em>and<em> Polyphyllia </em>are more abundant at mesophotic sites; (c) one site showed a gradient in which <em>Acropora</em> was replaced by <em>Plesiastrea</em> at increasing depths. Although further technical improvements are required, the use of eDNA and underwater mini-ROVs may permit monitoring of mesophotic corals more broadly and easily.</p>
Data from: Physiological responses of scleractinian coral to trace metal enrichment and thermal stress
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Monitoring mesophotic scleractinian corals using an underwater mini-ROV to sample eDNA
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The scaling of metabolic traits differs among larvae and juvenile colonies of scleractinian corals
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Data from: Toward a standardised protocol for the stable isotope analysis of scleractinian corals
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Virgin Islands National Park: Coral Reef: Population Dynamics: Scleractinian corals
These data are evidence of the the long-term dynamics of shallow coral reefs along the south coast of St. John from as early as 1989. These data come from the long term site at 9 m depth known as Yawzi Point. These data are representative of the Video Transects (VT) starting in 1989 (see Edmunds and Wirman 1991, MEPS 78: 201-204). All images analyzed using 200 randoms dots placed at random on their surface and the substratum beneath each dot annotated (~371,800 decisions by Nov 2017). Hurricanes Irma and Maria struck in September 2017. Because of this, sampling was completed in July and November of 2017. Data are available upon request for 1989 (raw data lost), 1992, 1993, and 1994. These images were analyzed with a coarser resolution that is not consistent with the current format.
FIGURE 3 in Copepods associated with scleractinian corals: a worldwide checklist and a case study of their impact on the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pocilloporidae)
FIGURE 3. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot of 75% similarity in species composition and abundance of symbiotic copepods amongst various sampling periods.
FIGURE 4 in Copepods associated with scleractinian corals: a worldwide checklist and a case study of their impact on the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pocilloporidae)
FIGURE 4. Principal component analysis (PCA) of square root-transformed data from five functional categories of copepods (see text for descriptions.) defined based on behaviour (endo-/ectoparasitic or benthic) and the structure of the feeding appendages (mandibles vs. siphon) at various sampling periods. PC1 accounted for 77.2% of the variability, and PC2 accounted for 13.7%.
FIGURE 2 in Copepods associated with scleractinian corals: a worldwide checklist and a case study of their impact on the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pocilloporidae)
FIGURE 2. Relationships between copepod infection and the amount of resources (Symbiodinium densities and surface areas) provided by host corals. A–E: Mean densities of symbiotic copepods (A: Siphonostomatoida, B: Cyclopoida, C: Harpacticoida, D: all copepods) among 480 Pocillopora damicornis colonies with varying Symbiodinium densities. E–H: Relationship between mean densities of symbiotic copepods (E: Siphonostomatoida, F: Cyclopoida, G: Harpacticoida, H: all copepods) and surface areas of host corals.
FIGURE 1 in Copepods associated with scleractinian corals: a worldwide checklist and a case study of their impact on the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pocilloporidae)
FIGURE 1. Variation in seawater temperature and Symbiodinium density (mean ± SE) observed in Pocillopora damicornis colonies of Nanwan Bay, Southern Taiwan between July 2007 and November 2008. Lowercase and uppercase letters (a, b, c, and d) refer to the results of Tukey's post-hoc comparisons of monthly temperature and Symbiodinium density means, respectively, as a significant effect of time was detected in the overall ANOVA models (p <0.05 for both parameters).
FIGURE 1 in Pocillopora aliciae: a new species of scleractinian coral (Scleractinia, Pocilloporidae) from subtropical Eastern Australia
FIGURE 1. [1, 2] Top, side view of holotype of Pocillopora aliciae sp. nov. [3, 4] Top, side view of paratype 1. [5, 6] Close-up of corallites of holotype.
FIGURE 4 in Pocillopora aliciae: a new species of scleractinian coral (Scleractinia, Pocilloporidae) from subtropical Eastern Australia
FIGURE 4. [1–4] Field appearance of Pocillopora aliciae sp. nov. at the Solitary Islands. [5] Pocillopora aliciae sp. nov. colony next to a specimen of Stylophora pistillata (center) at North Solitary Island.
FIGURE 2 in Pocillopora aliciae: a new species of scleractinian coral (Scleractinia, Pocilloporidae) from subtropical Eastern Australia
FIGURE 2. SEM of paratype (MTQ-G65424). [1–2] Corallites. [3] Close-up of corallite. [4] Close up of coenosteum.
FIGURE 3 in Pocillopora aliciae: a new species of scleractinian coral (Scleractinia, Pocilloporidae) from subtropical Eastern Australia
FIGURE 3. SEM of corallites of: [1] Pocillipora aliciae sp. nov. and lineages identified within Pocillopora damicornis (Schmidt-Roach et al. 2012a); [2] P. damicornis Type β, [3] P. d ami co rni s Type α and [4] P. da mic or nis Type γ.
FIGURE 40. Acanthastrea hemprichii, a in Some scleractinian corals (Scleractinia: Anthozoa) of Larak Island, Persian Gulf
FIGURE 40. Acanthastrea hemprichii, a, exoskeleton; b, close up of corallites; c, underwater photograph of the colony; d, underwater photograph of polyps.
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